No abstract available.
Appendicitis* ; Barium* ; Enema*

No abstract available.
Meningitis, Aseptic*

Current treatment strategies for levodopa-induced psychosis in advanced Parkinson's disease have had limited success. Reduction or discontinuation of levodopa and coadministration with dopamine-blocking neuroleptics may attenuate the psychotic symptoms, but these strategies are associated with worsening of parkinsonian symptoms. Administration of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ; ondansetron, a newer strategy to attenuate psychosis of Parkinson' disease without motor deterioration was introduced. A 41-year-old young-onset male, who was diagnosed as Parkinson's disease 7 years ago, was treated with levodopa therapy, and had levodopa-induced psychosis(delusion, hallucination, paranoid, insomnia). After trial of ondansetron, he showed improvement in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(from 21 points to 9 points) in spite of increasing the dosage of levodopa. With ondansetron, we could increase the dosage of levodopa without psychotic complications(esp, hallucination), and he showed improvement in the motor fluctuation.
Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Levodopa ; Male ; Ondansetron ; Parkinson Disease ; Psychotic Disorders* ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3

No abstract available.
Animals ; Atrophy* ; Electric Stimulation* ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Rats* ; Sciatic Nerve*

No abstract available.
Fever*

161 patients with tibia fracture were treated by closed intramedullary nailing at the department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eul-Ji General hospital, Dae Jeon, during 5 years from January, 1988 to April, 1993. 134 of these patients were performed with Kiintscher IM nailing and 27 patients with Ender nailing. Rigid IM nailing is the method of choice in tibia shaft fracture with rigid fixation, low complication, wide indication and early weight bearing, but the treatment of segmental fracture of the tibia will have many difficulties because of severe displacement, severe comminution, massive soft tissue damage and lack of blood supply at fracture site. Either antegrade or retrograde Ender nailing was of value for the management of segmental fracture which was too proximally or too dixtally located to insert interlocking screws, open fracture and soft tissue injury around Kiintscher insertion site. The result as fllows; 1. 43 fractures were open and 118 were closed. 69 fractures involved the distal portion, 55 fractures the middle portion, 13 fractures the proximal portion of the tibia and 24 fractures were segmental. 2. Among the 161 eases, 114 cases were male and 47 cases were female, the most common ages were ranged from 21 year to 30 year, involving 44 cases. 3. The most common cause was traffic accident. 4. Average intervals from injury to operation were 6.34 days(closed fracture) and 9.84 days(open fracture). 5. The mean durations of the bone union were 18.90 weeks(closed fracture) and 16.46 weeks(open fracture). 6. Complication included 7 cases delayed union, 3 cases nonunion, 8 cases superficial infection, 4 cases joint stiffness, 3 cases nail migration, 2 cases angular deformity, 2 cases rotational deformity, 1 cases osteomyelitis.
Accidents, Traffic ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Daejeon ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Open ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Joints ; Male ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Osteomyelitis ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tibia ; Weight-Bearing

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Valproic acid (2-propylpentanoic acid) which enhances GABA synthesis and blocks it's degradation has been useful treatment of migraine and may activate GABA receptors to modulate trigeminal nociceptive neurons innervating the meninges. But the mechanism and action of sodium valproate in headache is not clear. To investigate the mechanism of valproic acid action in headache model, we compared the change of dural plasma protein extravasation in both substance-P neurogenic inflammation rats with valproic acid pretreatment and without valproic acid pretreatment. METHOD: Sprague-Dawely rats were pretreated with valproate 30 minutes prior to substance-P administration in order to test the effects of sodium valproate on dural plasma protein extravasation by detecting the amount of extravasated Evans blue in the dura matter. To examine the abilities of either bicuculine (GABAA antagonist) and phaclofen (GABAB antagonist) to reverse the effect of valproate, they were administered 5 min before valproate administration. After then we also test the effect of muscimol (GABAA agonist) and bicuculine (GABAA antagonist) in substance-P induced neurogenic inflammation rats. RESULTS: Intraperitoneal injection of sodium valproate and muscimol reduced dural plasma protein extravasation after intravenous substance-P administration. The GABAA antagonist bicuculine completely reversed the effect of valproate and muscimol on plasma extravasation following substance-P administration, whereas the GABAB receptor antagonist, phaclofen, did not. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the attenuation of dural plasma protein extravasation by valproate and muscimol is mediated by via GABAA receptors within the meninges. Agonists and modulators at the GABAA receptor may become useful for the development of selective therapeutic agents for migraine headache.
Animals ; Evans Blue ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Headache* ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Meninges ; Migraine Disorders ; Muscimol ; Neurogenic Inflammation ; Nociceptors ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Receptors, GABA ; Sodium* ; Valproic Acid*

PURPOSE: To analyze the characteristies of traumatic brainstem injury by CT and MR MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT and MR studies of 10 patients with traumatic brainstem lesion in MR were retrospectively reviewed, particularly attended to location, signal intensity and associated lesions. RESULTS: CT failed to depict 8 of 10 brainstem lesions. All lesions were detected in MR images with T2-weighted images showing higher detection rate (n=10) (100%) than Tl-weighted images (n=3) (30%) or CT (n=2) (20%). The brainstem lesions located in the dorsolateral aspects of the rostral brainstem(mid brain and upper pons)in 7 (70%) cases, in ventral aspects of rostral brain in 2 (20%) cases and in median portion of pons in 1 (10%) case. Corpus callosal (n=5), Iobar white matter(n=5) diffuse axonal injury, and 2 hemorrhagic lesions in basal ganglia were the associated findings. CONCLUSION: MR imaging is more helpful than CT in the detection of brainstem injury, especially T2 weighted images. Primary brainstem lesions were typically located in the dorsolateral aspect of rostral brainstem(midbrain and upper pons). Corpus callosum and white matter lesions were frequently associated.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Brain Stem* ; Corpus Callosum ; Diffuse Axonal Injury ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pons ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUNDS: The inflammatory reaction after cerebral ischemia involving adhesion molecules aggravates neurologic deficit. This study aimed to study the change of plasma level of the adhesion molecules after acute cerebral ischemia. METHODS: Nineteen patients with acute cerebral infarction and ten control subjects without a history of cerebrovascular disease were included in this study. The patient groups were subgrouped into large artery atherosclerosis and small artery occlusion groups according to TOAST classification. Plasma levels of sP-selectin, sE-selectin, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were measured within 24 hours and in 6 to 8 days after acute ischemic infarction. RESULTS: The plasma level of sP-selectin was elevated in acute stroke patients within 24 hours and in 6 to 8 days after stroke onset compared with control group(p<0.05). But plasma levels of sE-selectin, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were not different from those of control group. The plasma level of sP-selectin was significantly elevated in large artery artherosclerosis group compared with control group. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that P-selectin actively involves in inflammatory process after acute ischemic stroke, especially associated with atherosclerosis.
Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Brain Ischemia ; Cerebral Infarction ; Classification ; Humans ; Infarction ; Neurologic Manifestations ; P-Selectin ; Plasma* ; Stroke*

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Influenza virus are the most common pathogen for causing severe upper respiratory infection in all age groups. A multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been developed to detect and subtype influenza A (H3N2 and H1N1), B virus and RSV simultaneously in one tube reaction. Amplification with primers derived from conserved sequences within the nucleocapsid for RSV and hemagglutinin subunit for Influenza A (H3N2 and H1N1) and B viruses yielded a 384 bp, a 300 bp, a 236 bp and a 151 bp, respectively. Assay specificity was confirmed by pulse field gel electrophoresis and autosequencing method. Assay sensitivity was 3 PFU/ml of RSV, 22 PFU/ml, 45 PFU/ml of Influenza type A (H3N2 and H1N1) and 6.6 PFU/ml of Influenza B virus by plaque assay. A rapid and sensitive detection method of a one-tube with multiplex RT-PCR capable of identifying more than one viral template as well as synchronizing reverse transcription and PCR had the potential to produce considerable savings of time and cost effectiveness in the diagnostic laboratory.
Conserved Sequence ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Electrophoresis ; Hemagglutinins ; Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine ; Humans* ; Income ; Influenza B virus ; Influenza, Human* ; Nucleocapsid ; Orthomyxoviridae* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human* ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Reverse Transcription* ; Sensitivity and Specificity