No abstract available.
Aloe*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Hantavirus* ; Korea* ; Murinae*

As the use computed tomographic (CT) scanning spread, the diagnosis of blowout fractures of the medial orbital wall increased. Now, the diagnosis of blowout fracture in the medial wall are not uncommon. Conventionally, the surgery of blowout fractures in medial orbital wall was performed by the various approach with external incision. The conventional method had seveal possible disadvantages, including an external scar, incomplete reduction, increased mobidity rate and general anesthesia. Recently, endoscopic reconstruction of the medial orbital wall has provided good functional and cosmetic results. We performed endoscopic transnasal reduction surgery without external incision in 12 cases of medial blowout fracture under local anesthesia. The fractured bony fragments were removed after the intranasal ethmoidectomy and the entrapped medial rectus was released. And then a sheet of silicone late or uncinate process were placed on the fracture site. For the maintain of the position of fractured wall, Merocel packing or urinary ballon catheter were used in orbital fracture site for 1-3 weeks. There were no specific complications related to this procedure. Result of the surgery in all cases were satisfactory. In this article, we discussed the surgical procedure, the benifit of the transnasal endoscopic approach, the indications for surgery, and possible comlications.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local ; Catheters ; Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures ; Silicones

BACKGROUND: To prevent hypertension and tachycardia after endotracheal intubation, esmolol and low-dose fentanyl have been used and it was reported that the combination of them was more effective than either in normotensive patients. However there have been few studies in this regard using hypertensive patients. Therefore, the author evaluated the effects of a combination of esmolol and low-dose fentanyl on hemodynamic responses after laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in hypertensive patients. METHODS: Thirty hypertensive patients were premedicated with midazolam and glycopyrrolate. Fentanyl 2 microgram/kg and esmolol 1 mg/kg were injected before induction of anesthesia. Thiopental sodium 3 5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1 mg/kg were used for the induction of anesthesia. Endotracheal intubation was performed at 5 minutes after fentanyl injection. Thereafter 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen and 2 vol% enflurane were inhaled. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before fentanyl injection (base), before intubation, and at 1, 3 and 5 minutes after intubation. RESULTS: At 1 minute after intubation, SBP and MAP did not change significantly, but DBP increased slightly compared to base (P < 0.05). SBP, DBP and MAP decreased at 3 and 5 minutes after intubation (P < 0.05). HR did not change significantly. Hypertension (SBP>170 mmHg) developed in 2 patients at 1 minute after intubation, and hypotension (SBP<90 mmHg) in 3 patients at 5 minutes after intubation. Tachycardia (HR > 100 bpm) developed in 2 patents at 1 minute after intubation and bradycardia (HR< 50 bpm) in 1 patient at 5 minutes after intubation. CONCLUSIONS: In treated hypertensive patients, the use of a combination of fentanyl 2 microgram/kg and esmolol 1 mg/kg is a useful method to attenuate hypertension and tachycardia after endotracheal intubation.
Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Enflurane ; Fentanyl* ; Glycopyrrolate ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypotension ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Laryngoscopy ; Midazolam ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Succinylcholine ; Tachycardia ; Thiopental

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Esophageal Atresia*

PURPOSE: There have been repoty on radiological features of lower respiratory track infection in infants and children caused by RSV(respiratory syncytial virus) in KOREA. The aims of this study were to summarize radiological features of lower respiratory tract infection caused by common viral agents other than RSV and to find any specific radiological features which might provide clue to the etiologic diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed radiological features in 51 children with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection and identification of viral agents(except RSV). They included parainfluenza (n=22), adenovirus(n=16), influenza A(n--11), influenza B(n=2) virus infections. The mean age of the patients was 23 months. RESULTS: Major radiological findings of viral lower respiratory tract infection were bilateral parahilar peribronchial infiltration(62%), bilateral overaeration(60%), atelectasis(59%)(segmental or subsegmental atelectasis(43%), Iobar atelectasis(16%)) and patchy or confluent consolidation(20%). Pleural effusion was seen in only one case and hilar adenopathy was not observed in any of them. In the cares of adeno virus, consolidation was seen in 5 cases(31%) including 3 cases919%) of extensive confluent consolidations and overaerations were less frequent findings(44%) than in other viruses. In 24 patients with radiological follow up for more than 1 week, consolidation improved most rapidly, while was persistent atelectasis. CONCLUSION: The major radiologic features in vital lower respiratory tract infection(except RSV) were overinflation, bilateral peribronchial infiltration and atelectasis. In adenoviral infection, confluent consolidations which are usually seen in bacterial pneumonia were more common findings than in other viral lower respiratory tract infections.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant* ; Influenza, Human ; Korea ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Respiratory System* ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: In geriatric patients, cardiovascular disease is common and a main cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Therefore preoperative evaluation of cardiac function is important. The purpose of this study is to evaluate preoperative echocardiography in geriatric patients for understanding aging heart changes and proper selection of patients. METHODS: In the 381 geriatric patients, authors evaluated chamber size, wall thickness, wall motion, valve abnormalities and ejection fraction. In addition, in patients who had left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction < OR = 55%), authors evaluated past medical histories and electrocardiographic (ECG) findings. RESULTS: Left atrial enlargement was present in 16%, left ventricular enlargement in 3%, right ventricular enlargement in 6%, ascending aorta dilatation in 13% and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in 28%. Aortic regurgitation (AR) was present in 44%, mitral regurgitation (MR) in 42%, aortic valve calcification in 21% and hypokinesia of the left ventricular wall in 4%. Left ventricular dysfunction was present in 18 patients and their past medical histories showed hypertension in 39%, myocardial ischemia in 33%, congestive heart failure in 28% and diabetus mellitus in 28%. Also their ECG findings showed LVH in 45%, atrial fibrillation in 30% and ventricular premature contraction in 15%. Among the 18 patients with left ventricular dysfunction, 16 patients (89%) had dyspnea or heart disease histories such as myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, premature ventricular contraction and atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS: 16% of the patients showed a normal echocardiograpy. Abnormal findings of the echocardiography were, in order of frequency, AR (44%), MR (42%) and LVH (28%). Dyspnea or cardiac disease histories were present in 89% of the left ventricular dysfunction patients.
Aging ; Aorta ; Aortic Valve ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Dilatation ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography* ; Electrocardiography ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Hypokinesia ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; Ventricular Premature Complexes

Cortical dysplasia is a cause of intractable epilepsy and a candidate for surgical resection to control epileptic attacks. The neuronal cytomegaly and balloon cell change are the diagnostic hallmarks of cortical dysplasia. Little research has been performed about the normal-sized dysplastic neuron which has complex arborizing dendrites and lacks in its polarity. The aim of this study was to define the histopathologic characteristics of the neurons in cortical dysplasia. Twelve cases of cortical dysplasia who underwent partial lobectomy for intractable seizures were selected and immunohistochemical staining for NF-M/H, MAP2, tau, and ubiquitin was performed. The perikarya and dendrite of dysplastic neurons were more intensely labeled with antibodies for the high and medium molecular weight neurofilament proteins (NF-M/H) than normal neurons. Immunoreactivity with the MAP2 antibody expressed mainly within the somatodendritic regions was present in the dysplastic or normal neurons without any significant difference in intensity. The complex arborizing dendrites of dysplastic neurons were easily identified due to pronounced immunoreactivity within the somatodendritic regions. Immunoreactivity with the primary antibody against tau and ubiquitin was present in the normal-looking neurons as well as the dysplastic neurons. This study suggests that the dysplastic neurons in cortical dysplasia are accompanied by changes of cytoskeletal neurofilaments, and the immunohistochemical stains for NF-M/H, MAP2, tau, and ubiquigin are useful to detect them.
Antibodies ; Coloring Agents ; Dendrites ; Epilepsy ; Malformations of Cortical Development* ; Molecular Weight ; Neurofilament Proteins ; Neurons ; Seizures ; Ubiquitin