No abstract available.
DNA* ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Ploidies*

Purpose: To evaluate surgical outcome and effectiveness of inferior oblique (IO) myectomy on unilateral superior oblique palsy (SOP) as a primary treatment. Methods: This study is a retrospective review of the medical records of 99 patients who had undergone IO myectomy due to SOP as a first-line treatment. Sixty-five patients with hyperdeviation of 15 prism diopters (PD) or less were categorized into group 1, 22 patients with hyperdeviation between 16 PD to 20 PD into group 2, and 12 patients with hyperdeviation higher than 20 PD into group 3. Preoperative hyperdeviation, postoperative hyperdeviation, and improvement of head tilting were then compared between the 3 groups. Surgery was determined to be successful when the post-op residual hyperdeviation is less than 5 PD, or when the improvement of hyperdeviation and head tilting was noted, for the patients who had preoperative deviation less than 5 PD, and without hypercorrection. Results: All groups showed significant improvement of hyperdeviation, and the amount of correction was larger in group with larger preoperative hyperdeviation. 80.3%, 95.0%, and 90.9% of patients showed improvement of head tiling and success rate was 87.7%, 77.3%, and 50.0% in group 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Group 1 and 2, group 2 and 3 had no significant difference in success rate but only group 1 and 3 had significant difference. Conclusions Considering success rate with improvement of head position, self-titrating and possibility of overcorrection, IO myectomy could be an effective option as a first-line surgical treatment for unilateral SOP with hyperdeviation of 20 PD or less. However, due to a 50% success rate in patients with hyperdeviation larger than 20 PD, a secondary operation must be considered following IO myectomy, or a two-muscle procedure must be considered as a primary treatment.

PURPOSE: In the present study, a case of double fovea artifact on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was reported. CASE SUMMARY: A nine-year-old male presented with blurred vision of both eyes. His best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 in both eyes, and complete ophthalmologic evaluation including fundus examination and fundus photography revealed no abnormality in both eyes. He underwent SD-OCT imaging with the Cirrus HD-OCT. The Macular Cube 512 × 128 protocol of his right eye revealed an unusual pseudo-duplication of the fovea in the vertical meridian. The same protocol in his left eye also rendered a pseudo-duplication of two foveas in the vertical and horizontal meridians on the retinal thickness map. Re-examination with the same OCT system and protocol was performed two weeks later after the patient received counseling on fixation during the examination, and it revealed normal contour of the fovea in both eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Double fovea artifact seen in SD-OCT is a rare artifact that can possibly lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate clinical treatment. Since the artifact was resolved with better fixation of the patient, repeating the scan with better patient compliance is necessary when such an artifact is encountered.
Artifacts* ; Counseling ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Male ; Meridians ; Patient Compliance ; Photography ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: Following planned posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis (PCCC) during cataract surgery in adults, we evaluated the clinical effects of visual acuity and prevention of posterior capsule opacity. METHODS: The clinical results were studied retrospectively by comparing 43 eyes of 43 patients who underwent cataract surgery with PCCC (the experimental group) and 46 eyes of 31 patients who underwent cataract surgery without PCCC (the control group). Preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) of patients were measured. BCVA (using log MAR) and the occurrence of posterior capsule opacity were closely monitored in both groups preoperatively, two months postoperatively, and at each group's final visit (14.6 months postoperatively for the experimental group and 15.7 months for the control group). One-piece plate intraocular lens was used in cataract surgery. RESULTS: Preoperative BCVA was lower in the control group but not significantly. The 2-month mean postoperative BCVA showed improvement in vision in both the control and experimental groups. In both groups, the BCVA was decreased at the final examination compared with the 2-month postoperative BCVA, and significant differences between the two groups were not observed. Under slit lamp examination, anterior hyaloid opacity was observed in 13 of 43 eyes that underwent PCCC. The decrease in BCVA in 13 eyes with anterior hyaloid opacity was significantly different (p < 0.05) compared with the 2-month postoperative BCVA. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the effort and operation skills required for PCCC, the clinical benefits are negligible. Since cataract surgery with PCCC can cause reduced vision due to anterior hyaloid opacity, side effects should be disclosed before PCCC is performed.
Adult* ; Capsulorhexis* ; Cataract ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Retrospective Studies ; Slit Lamp ; Vision, Low ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical features of high myopic eyes with cataracts implanted with negative power intraocular lenses (IOLs) at the time of cataract surgery. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 18 eyes of 14 patients who underwent cataract surgery with negative power IOLs and 10 eyes in 9 patients with low power IOLs. We investigated axial length, IOL power, preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and preoperative and postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) refractive errors. RESULTS: Mean BCVA showed significant improvement in both groups. We measured postoperative SE refraction and the difference between the mean intended and the mean achieved SE refractive errors in the negative power group (17 eyes) was +1.59 ± 1.34 D and +0.31 ± 0.50 D in the low power group. CONCLUSIONS: BCVA was significantly improved in the majority of eyes, although they had myopic macular degeneration or posterior staphyloma. However, the mean achieved postoperative SE refraction was more hyperopic than the predicted postoperative SE error. Additionally, hyperopic refractive error was greater in the negative power group than the low power group. Therefore, we recommend that postoperative hyperopic refractive error should be considered when performing cataract surgery in high myopic patients.
Cataract Extraction* ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular* ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Macular Degeneration ; Myopia* ; Refractive Errors ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical effectiveness of 1% Prednisolone acetate ophthalmic solution and 0.1% Bromfenac sodium hydrate ophthalmic solution on prevention of cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 349 patients who received phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in Severance Hospital from July 2013 to January 2016 was performed. In these patients, 192 eyes received 1% Prednisolone acetate ophthalmic solution, and 157 eyes were treated with topical 0.1% Bromfenac sodium hydrate ophthalmic solution. The incidence and severity of cystoid macular edema (CME) were evaluated by retinal foveal thickness on optical coherence tomography for patients who showed best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) less than 0.5 (log MAR ≥ 0.3). RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in age (p = 0.708), sex (p = 0.977), or the side of operated eye (p = 0.443). The two groups showed BCVA 0.04 ± 0.09 (Steroid group) and 0.03 ± 0.07 (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAID] group) at 1 month after the surgery and the difference was not significant (p = 0.947). One eye in the topical steroid group had cystoid macular edema, and 3 eyes in the steroid group showed elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) over 30 mm Hg. There were no IOP elevations or macular edema in the NSAID group. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that 0.1% Bromfenac sodium hydrate ophthalmic solution had a similar effect to 1% Prednisolone acetate ophthalmic solution on preventing CME after cataract surgery. This indicates that topical NSAID can be considered along with topical steroids in order to prevent CME after cataract surgery.
Cataract* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Macular Edema* ; Phacoemulsification ; Prednisolone* ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Sodium ; Steroids ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity

The Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, which included congenital anomalies such as macroglossia, exomphalos, postnatal somatic gigantism, have a substantially increased risk for the development of tumor. We report a case of testicular yolk sac tumor associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, a previously unreported association. Pathologic examination showed Schiller-Duval body with evidence of testicular yolk sac tumor. This finding appears to represent a previously unreported association between Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and testicular yolk sac tumor.
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome* ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor* ; Gigantism ; Hernia, Umbilical ; Macroglossia ; Testis ; Yolk Sac*

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries associated with multiple ligament injuries can be easily diagnosed, but isolated PCL tears are less symptomatic, very difficult to diagnose, and frequently misdiagnosed. If a detailed investigation of the history of illness suggests a PCL injury, careful physical examinations including the posterior drawer test, dial test, varus and valgus test should be done especially if the patient complains of severe posterior knee pain in >90degrees of flexion. Vascular assessment and treatment should be done to avoid critical complications. An individualized treatment plan should be established after consideration of the type of tear, time after injury, associated collateral ligament injuries, bony alignment, and status of remnant. The rehabilitation should be carried out slower than that after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Collateral Ligaments ; Humans ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Physical Examination ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Rupture

The Harris line (HL), caused by bone-growth arrest and manifesting on X-rays as a radiopaque transverse line in the metaphysis of the long bones, is an indicator reflecting stress conditions such as disease or malnutrition. HL frequency has been assumed to differ between pre-modern and modern societies, as reflective of increased caloric intake and overall nutritional improvements attendant on industrialization. To determine if such a change occurred in Korea, in the present study we compared the respective HL statuses in medieval Joseon and modern Korean population samples. HLs were found in 39.4% (28/71) of the Joseon Koreans. Whereas only 27.5% (11/40) of the males showed an HL, fully 54.8% (17/31) of the females exhibited it. Notably, HLs were observed in only 16.4% (35/213) of the modern Koreans; more remarkably still, the HL rate was almost the same between the sexes, 16.7% (20/120) for the males and 16.1% (15/93) for the females. The HL frequency was much higher in the Joseon Koreans than in their modern counterparts, reflecting the improvement of nutritional status that had been achieved in the course of South Korea's modernization. This HL-frequency decrease was much more obvious in the female populations. The higher HL frequency among the Joseon females might reflect the relatively poor nutritional condition of females in pre-modern Korean society.
Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans* ; Korea* ; Male ; Malnutrition ; Nutritional Status ; Republic of Korea ; Skeleton* ; Social Change ; Tibia

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has been recommended as an alternative to open aneurysm repair. The risk of severe perioperative complications is lower than that in open surgical repair; however, late complications are more likely. After EVAR, regular yearly surveillance by duplex ultrasonography or computed tomography is recommended. We report the case of a 67-year-old man with a severely kinked left iliac branch of the stent graft 10 years after EVAR. He had not undergone regular follow-up during the last 4 years. We realigned the endograft kink by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.
Aged ; Aneurysm ; Angioplasty ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal* ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Endovascular Procedures ; Extremities* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Transplants* ; Ultrasonography