Multiple primary cancer is a state of disease that developed more than two cancers in an individual, independently. Multiple primary malignant cancer is divided to synchronous and metachronous type depending on the interval between their diagnoses. Synchronous multiple cancer is diagnosed within an interval of six months and metachronous multiple cancer more than six months interval. As further advance in diagnostic techniques and treatment method bring about progressive increase in the number of individuals living in the 'cancer age' group. So, the population of patients with subsequent primary cancer will increase and after all the incidence of multiple primary cancer will be increased, gradually. Herein, we experienced a case of a 83-year-old male patient with metachronous triple primary cancer composed of gastric cancer, bladder cancer and lung cancer. We found the adenocarcinoma of stomach, transitional cell cancer of bladder and squamous cell carcinoma of lung. For its great rarity, we report this case with review of literatures about the history, criteria, incidence, site relationship and so on.
Adenocarcinoma ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Male ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Stomach* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

Foreign body aspiration occurs rarely in adults. Aspiration of foreign bodies into tracheobronchial tree commonly occurs by accident, and in most cases they get removed without delay. Sometimes, however, small foreign bodies that lodge in the peripheral airway are often asymptomatic initially and become symptomatic several years later. In these cases, unless a clear history of an aspiration event is obtained, it is difficult to even consider the aspiration as a cause of pneumonia. Foreign bodies were most frequently located in right lower lobe and usually aspirated unilaterally. A review of recent literature reveals only a few case reports of unilaterally aspirated foreign body in adults. We are reporting an adult case of obstructive pneumonia due to foreign bodies (fish vertebrae) aspirated into both bronchi at least 5 month prior to his hospitalization into our institute. Removal of the endobronchial foreign bodies was successfully accomplished by flexible bronchoscopy. The patient did not experience any complication and the pneumonia was completely resolved after removal of foreign bodies.
Adult ; Bronchi* ; Bronchoscopy ; Foreign Bodies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Pneumonia* ; Spine*

Foreign body aspiration occurs rarely in adults. Aspiration of foreign bodies into tracheobronchial tree commonly occurs by accident, and in most cases they get removed without delay. Sometimes, however, small foreign bodies that lodge in the peripheral airway are often asymptomatic initially and become symptomatic several years later. In these cases, unless a clear history of an aspiration event is obtained, it is difficult to even consider the aspiration as a cause of pneumonia. Foreign bodies were most frequently located in right lower lobe and usually aspirated unilaterally. A review of recent literature reveals only a few case reports of unilaterally aspirated foreign body in adults. We are reporting an adult case of obstructive pneumonia due to foreign bodies (fish vertebrae) aspirated into both bronchi at least 5 month prior to his hospitalization into our institute. Removal of the endobronchial foreign bodies was successfully accomplished by flexible bronchoscopy. The patient did not experience any complication and the pneumonia was completely resolved after removal of foreign bodies.
Adult ; Bronchi* ; Bronchoscopy ; Foreign Bodies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Pneumonia* ; Spine*

Purpose: DNA damage and repair responses are induced by metabolic diseases and environmental stress. The balance of DNA repair response and the antioxidant system play a role in modulating the entire body’s health. This study uses a high-fat and high-calorie (HFC) drink to examine the new roles of a plant-based multivitamin/mineral supplement with phytonutrients (PMP) for regulating the antioxidant system and cellular DNA repair signaling in the body resulting from metabolic stress. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm, and placebo-controlled trial, healthy adults received a capsule containing either a PMP supplement (n = 12) or a placebo control (n = 12) for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected at 0, 1, and 3 hours after consuming a HFC drink (900 kcal). The blood samples were analyzed for the following oxidative stress makers: areas under the curve reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), erythrocytes MDA, urinary MDA, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and the glutathione:oxidized glutathione ratio at the time points. We further examined the related protein levels of DNA repair signaling (pCHK1 (Serine 345), p-P53 (Serine 15), and γH2AX expression) in the plasma of subjects to evaluate the time-dependent effects of a HFC drink. Results: In a previous study, we showed that PMP supplementation for eight weeks reduces the ROS and endogenous DNA damage in human blood plasma. Results of the current study further show that PMP supplementation is significantly correlated with antioxidant defense. Compared to the placebo samples, the blood plasma obtained after PMP supplementation showed enhanced DNA damage response genes such as pCHK1(Serine 345) (a transducer of DNA response) and γH2AX (a hallmark of DNA damage) during the 8 weeks trial on metabolic challenges. Conclusion Our results indicate that PMP supplementation for 8 weeks enhances the antioxidant system against oxidative stress and prevents DNA damage signaling in humans.

Despite the advances in research and treatment of human breast cancer, its incidence rate continues to increase by 0.5% per year, and the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies for specific subtypes of human breast cancer remains challenging. Traditional laboratory mouse models have contributed tremendously to human breast cancer research. However, mice do not develop tumors spontaneously; consequently, genetically engineered mouse models or patient-derived xenograft models are often relied upon for more sophisticated human breast cancer studies. Since human breast cancer develops spontaneously, there is a need for alternative, yet complementary, models that can better recapitulate the features of human breast cancer to better understand the molecular and clinical complexities of the disease in developing new therapeutic strategies. Canine mammary tumors are one such alternative model that share features with human breast cancer, including prevalence rate, subtype classification, treatment, and mutational profiles, all of which are described in this review.

Purpose: Capmatinib, an oral MET kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated its efficacy against non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with MET dysregulation. We investigated its clinical impact in advanced NSCLC with MET exon 14 skipping mutation (METex14) or gene amplification. Materials and Methods: Patients who participated in the screening of a phase II study of capmatinib for advanced NSCLC were enrolled in this study. MET gene copy number (GCN), protein expression, and METex14 were analyzed and the patients’ clinical outcome were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 72 patients were included in this analysis (group A: GCN ≥ 10 or METex14, n=14; group B: others, n=58). Among them, 13 patients were treated with capmatinib (group A, n=8; group B, n=5), and the overall response rate was 50% for group A, and 0% for group B. In all patients, the median overall survival (OS) was 20.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.9 to not applicable [NA]) for group A, and 11.3 months (95% CI, 8.2 to 20.3) for group B (p=0.457). However, within group A, median OS was 21.5 months (95% CI, 20.8 to NA) for capmatinib-treated, and 7.5 months (95% CI, 3.2 to NA) for capmatinib-untreated patients (p=0.025). Among all capmatinib-untreated patients (n=59), group A showed a trend towards worse OS to group B (median OS, 7.5 months vs. 11.3 months; p=0.123). Conclusion Our data suggest that capmatinib is a new compelling treatment for NSCLC with MET GCN ≥ 10 or METex14 based on the improved survival within these patients.

PURPOSE: We investigated the effect of the protease inhibitor, aprotinin, on mean arterial pressure (MAP), hematocrit (Hct), blood loss, and survival rate in rats with experimental splenic injury. METHODS: We created an experimental splenic injury model in anesthetized rats by cutting the splenic parenchyma into three fragments. We analyzed the effect of aprotinin on three different treatment groups. The aprotinin treatment group received a single dose of 30,000 U/kg of aprotinin in 10 ml/kg normal saline, the tranexamic acid group was treated with a single dose of 100 mg/kg of tranexamic acid in 10ml/kg normal saline, and the saline control group was treated with only 10 ml/kg normal saline. In addition, a sham-operated group (laparotomy without splenectomy) was treated with 10 ml/kg normal saline. RESULTS: MAP was higher in the sham-operated group and the aprotinin group than in the other groups. There were no significant differences for hematocrit except that the saline group exhibited a lower level than the other groups at the six-hour time point. The amount of intraperitoneal blood loss in the sham-operated and aprotinin groups due to splenic injury was significantly lower than in the tranexamic acid and saline groups. The survival rate in the aprotinin group was similar to the tranexamic acid group, but, the survival rate of the aprotinin-treated group was statistically higher than that of the saline control group. CONCLUSION: Hemodynamic changes resulting from splenic injury can be diminished by aprotinin treatment. Aprotinin could be considered in preference to other drugs as a first line treatment in hemodynamically unstable splenic injury patients.
Animals ; Aprotinin* ; Arterial Pressure ; Hematocrit ; Hemodynamics ; Hemoperitoneum ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Protease Inhibitors ; Rats* ; Splenic Rupture ; Survival Rate ; Tranexamic Acid

Two new compounds, 3-methyl-but-2-en-1-yl-1-O-β-xylopyranosyl-(1ʺ→2ʹ)-O-β-glucopyranoside (1) and 1-O-β-glucopyranosyl-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-hep-2-enoic acid (2), along with sixteen known terpenoids were isolated from the peels ofCitrus unshiu Markov. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive NMR analyses ( 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry. In addition, all isolates (1 - 18) were tested their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells. Limonin (15) showed to inhibit LPS-induced NO production in a concentration-dependent manner without cytotoxicity.

Background: This study aimed to examine the association between coffee or green tea consumption and ferritin or hemoglobin levels in premenopausal women. Methods: We used the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2012), and a total of 4,322 individuals were surveyed. In women of reproductive age, average ferritin and hemoglobin levels were calculated according to coffee or green tea consumption. Covariates included in the analysis were demographic variables, such as age, body mass index, education, drinking, smoking, history of hypertension, history of diabetes diagnosis, physical activity, total energy intake, and daily iron intake. Results: In 4,322 participants, the average hemoglobin level was 12.90±0.02 g/dL, and the average level of ferritin was 31.95±0.67 ng/mL. As a result of testing, correlation between ferritin and coffee intake and difference in ferritin levels according to coffee consumption was significant (P<0.05). In this study, a post hoc test indicated that ferritin level significantly differed between one and two cups, two and three cups, and three and one cup groups (overall P<0.001). Additionally, there was a negative correlation between ferritin level and coffee intake; ferritin level decreased by 2.09 ng/mL with a one-cup increase in daily coffee consumption. Conclusion In premenopausal women, coffee intake is associated with low serum ferritin levels. Our results indicate that drinking >2 cups of coffee significantly affect ferritin levels in Korean premenopausal women.

Diverse somatic mutations have been reported to serve as cancer drivers. Recently, it has also been reported that epigenetic regulation is closely related to cancer development. However, the effect of epigenetic changes on cancer is still elusive. In this study, we analyzed DNA methylation data on colon cancer taken from The Caner Genome Atlas. We found that several promoters were significantly hypermethylated in colon cancer patients. Through clustering analysis of differentially methylated DNA regions, we were able to define subgroups of patients and observed clinical features associated with each subgroup. In addition, we analyzed the functional ontology of aberrantly methylated genes and identified the G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway as one of the major pathways affected epigenetically. In conclusion, our analysis shows the possibility of characterizing the clinical features of colon cancer subgroups based on DNA methylation patterns and provides lists of important genes and pathways possibly involved in colon cancer development.
Classification* ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms* ; CpG Islands ; DNA ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenomics ; Genome ; Humans ; Methylation*