A 6-month-old male Ragdoll cat presented with exercise intolerance. On physical examination, there was a grade 2/6 systolic murmur at the right apex. Diagnostic tests, including SpO2 measurement, blood tests, radiography, echocardiography, contrast echocardiography, and electrocardiography, were performed. Severe right atrial dilation, tricuspid valve leaflets and orifice displacement, right ventricular atrialization, septal leaflet adherence, anterior leaflet tethering, and right atrioventricular junction dilation were noted on echocardiography, alongside a right-to-left atrial septal defect. Cor triatriatum dexter and left ventricular aneurysm were observed. We diagnosed this case as having Ebstein anomaly with rare congenital heart deformities; which is rare in cats.

Over the past decades, ultrasound imaging technology has made tremendous progress in obtaining important diagnostic information from patients in a rapid, noninvasive manner. Although the technology has benefited from sophisticated signal processing technology and imaging system integration, much of this progress has been derived from the development of ultrasonic transducers that are in direct contact with patients. An overview of medical ultrasonic imaging transducers is presented in this review that describes their structure, types, and application fields. The structural components of a typical transducer are presented in detail including an active layer, acoustic matching layers, a backing block, an acoustic lens, and kerfs. The types of transducers are classified according to the dimensions of ultrasound images: one-dimensional array, mechanical wobbling, and two-dimensional array transducers. Advantages of each transducer over the other and the technical issues for further performance enhancement are described. Application of the transducers to various clinical imaging fields is also reviewed.
Acoustics ; Diagnostic Imaging* ; Humans ; Transducers* ; Ultrasonics* ; Ultrasonography

The objective of this study is to analyze the shear bond strength of orthodontic buttons according to light tip distance and optic fiber diameter when an extended optic fiber was applied to the tip of a curing light unit.
In this study, 315 extracted premolar teeth were divided into 3 groups. Orthodontic buttons were attached using no optic fibers (Group I), 3.0 mm diameter optic fibers (Group II), or 5.0 mm diameter optic fibers (Group III). Each group was divided into subgroups A - C (5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 mm light tip distance), respectively. Shear bond strength was then measured while varying the light tip distance.
In group I, shear bond strength significantly decreased as the light tip distance increased. When the shear bond strength was evaluated according to the optic fiber diameter, no statistical significance was observed in group of 5.0 mm light tip distance. Compared with group IB, group IIIB showed significantly greater shear bond strength. Compared with group IC, all groups using 3.0 or 5.0 mm diameter optic fibers showed significantly greater shear bond strength.
Therefore, when a curing light unit has poor accessibility, optic fibers with a large diameter should be considered.

The purpose of this study was to compare the color of maxillary primary central incisors, lateral incisors, canines with the color of various composite resins using a spectrophotometer VITA Easyshade®V.One researcher measured the color of sound maxillary primary anterior teeth of 100 children aged 1 to 6 and specimens which were made by composite resins with a total of 10 types and 31 shades, and CIE L*, a*, b* values were obtained.There was no clinically recognizable color difference between the maxillary primary central and lateral incisors. However, the maxillary primary canines showed difference in color above the clinical acceptability threshold with the primary central and lateral incisors. These findings showed no significant color differences between men and women, and no significant color changes with age. A1 shade is the most common in all maxillary primary anterior teeth.Composite resins, which are thought to be similar to the color of maxillary primary anterior teeth were selected from 9 types of maxillary primary central incisors, 6 types of primary lateral incisors, 6 types of primary canines.

Many packages for a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have beendeveloped to discover genetic variants. Although variations across studies must be considered, there are not many currently-accessible packages that estimate between-study heterogeneity. Thus, we propose a python based application called Beta-Meta which can easilyprocess a meta-analysis by automatically selecting between a fixed effects and a randomeffects model based on heterogeneity. Beta-Meta implements flexible input data manipulation to allow multiple meta-analyses of different genotype-phenotype associations in asingle process. It provides a step-by-step meta-analysis of GWAS for each association inthe following order: heterogeneity test, two different calculations of an effect size and ap-value based on heterogeneity, and the Benjamini-Hochberg p-value adjustment. Thesemethods enable users to validate the results of individual studies with greater statisticalpower and better estimation precision. We elaborate on these and illustrate them with examples from several studies of infertility-related disorders.

Kummell's disease is a spinal disorder characterized by delayed post-traumatic collapse of a vertebral body with avascular necrosis. Although definitive treatment for Kummell's disease has not been established, it has been reported that percutaneous vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty has shown good results. However, these procedures are not recommended for severely collapsed vertebral bodies because of the risk of cement leakage or technical difficulties. Authors report a rare case of spontaneous reduction in vertebral height by the insertion of a working cannula into the vertebral body in Kummell's disease.
Catheters ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Kyphoplasty ; Necrosis ; Osteoporosis ; Vertebroplasty

PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power prediction for cataract surgery with open angle glaucoma (OAG) and to identify preoperative angle parameters correlated with postoperative unpredicted refractive errors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study comprised 45 eyes from 45 OAG subjects and 63 eyes from 63 non-glaucomatous cataract subjects (controls). We investigated differences in preoperative predicted refractive errors and postoperative refractive errors for each group. Preoperative predicted refractive errors were obtained by biometry (IOL-master) and compared to postoperative refractive errors measured by auto-refractometer 2 months postoperatively. Anterior angle parameters were determined using swept source optical coherence tomography. We investigated correlations between preoperative angle parameters [angle open distance (AOD); trabecular iris surface area (TISA); angle recess area (ARA); trabecular iris angle (TIA)] and postoperative unpredicted refractive errors. RESULTS: In patients with OAG, significant differences were noted between preoperative predicted and postoperative real refractive errors, with more myopia than predicted. No significant differences were recorded in controls. Angle parameters (AOD, ARA, TISA, and TIA) at the superior and inferior quadrant were significantly correlated with differences between predicted and postoperative refractive errors in OAG patients (-0.321 to -0.408, p<0.05). Superior quadrant AOD 500 was significantly correlated with postoperative refractive differences in multivariate linear regression analysis (β=-2.925, R²=0.404). CONCLUSION: Clinically unpredicted refractive errors after cataract surgery were more common in OAG than in controls. Certain preoperative angle parameters, especially AOD 500 at the superior quadrant, were significantly correlated with these unpredicted errors.
Biometry ; Cataract* ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle* ; Humans ; Iris ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Linear Models ; Myopia ; Refractive Errors* ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) generates severe postoperative pain in 60% of patients and moderate pain in 30% of patients. Because inadequate postoperative pain control can hinder early physiotherapy and rehabilitation, it is the most influential factor dictating a good outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous psoas compartment block (PCB) in comparison to intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IVPCA) in TKA patients. METHODS: 40 TKA patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group IVPCA (n = 20) received intravenous patient controlled analgesia (IVPCA) for 48 hours. Group PCB (n = 20) received continuous PCB for 48 hours at the fourth intertransverse process of the lumbar using the C-arm. Pain scores, side effects, satisfaction, the length of hospital stay, rescue antiemetics, and analgesics were recorded. RESULTS: Pain scores (VNRS 0-100) were higher in Group IVPCA than in Group PCB. Nausea and sedation occurred more frequently in Group IVPCA than in Group PCB. There were no differences between the groups in the length of the hospital stay, satisfaction scores, and the use of rescue antiemetics and analgesics. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous PCB seemed to be an appropriate and reliable technique for TKA patients, because it provided better analgesia and fewer side effects such as nausea and sedation when compared to IVPCA.
Analgesia ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Analgesics ; Antiemetics ; Arthroplasty ; Humans ; Knee ; Length of Stay ; Lumbosacral Plexus ; Nausea ; Nerve Block ; Pain, Postoperative

Periodic colonoscopic checkup is needed for patients suffering from colorectal cancer, based on the property that a colorectal neoplasm often recurs synchronously or metachronously. Surgical management appropriate to the occasion should be taken in recurrent colorectal cancer. Particularly, recurring colorectal cancer closely above the prior anastomosis for a low anterior resection should be eliminated by using an abdomino-perineal resection, including the preceding anastomotic site or a new anastomotic creation. Under the latter instance, ample possibility exists for postoperative anastomotic stenosis or leakage by reason of insufficient blood supply to the segment between the earlier anastomosis and the later one. The authors report two cases of re-anastomosis for colorectal cancer just above a previous anastomosis taken by a low anterior resection for rectal cancer. In a 52-year-old male with a history of neoadjuvant concomitant chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) and low anterior resection for rectal cancer located at 6 cm from the anal verge, a new adenocarcinoma was detected 7 cm from the previous anastomotic site and 3 cm from the anal verge. Considering anal sphincter preservation, the re-anastomosis was made at the upper part of the preceding anastomosis. The patient experienced no surgical complications, such as anastomotic stenosis or leakage and functional defecation difficulty. In another patient, a 50-year-old male with a low anterior resection and adjuvant CCRT for rectal cancer 8 cm from anal verge, a new adenocarcinoma was detected in the colon. The new adenocarcinoma was located 10 cm from the anal verge and 8 cm from the previous anastomosis. The same surgical management was applied to this case, with the same postoperative result.
Adenocarcinoma ; Anal Canal ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Defecation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Stress, Psychological

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare form of cerebrovascular attack and its predisposing factors commonly co-exist. In the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era, various side effects of COVID-19 vaccine have been reported, and CVT is one of the well-known types. It is usually explained as prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia by an antibody binding to platelet factor 4 receptor. However, some cases are irrelevant to thrombocytopenia and calls for a new explanation. Here we report a case of CVT without thrombocytopenia after COVID-19 vaccination.