PURPOSE: To report a patient with ocular ischemic syndrome who suffered from sudden decrease in visual acuity after bevacizumab injection. CASE SUMMARY: A 70-year-old patient visited the Department of Ophthalmology due to progressively decreasing visual acuity in the right eye. Corrected visual acuity in his right eye was 0.1 on the first visit; ocular ischemic syndrome was suspected. Despite panretinal photocoagulation, severe iris neovascularization was still present in the right eye. Intravitreal bevacizumab injection was performed to regress the iris neovascularization. One day after injection, iris neovascularization regressed significantly, however, visual acuity was decreased to finger counting. CONCLUSIONS: In ocular ischemic syndrome, bevacizumab injection for reduction of iris neovascularization should be carefully considered due to possibility of acute visual loss.
Aged ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Eye ; Fingers ; Humans ; Iris ; Light Coagulation ; Ophthalmology ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

PURPOSE: To report a patient with ocular ischemic syndrome who suffered from sudden decrease in visual acuity after bevacizumab injection. CASE SUMMARY: A 70-year-old patient visited the Department of Ophthalmology due to progressively decreasing visual acuity in the right eye. Corrected visual acuity in his right eye was 0.1 on the first visit; ocular ischemic syndrome was suspected. Despite panretinal photocoagulation, severe iris neovascularization was still present in the right eye. Intravitreal bevacizumab injection was performed to regress the iris neovascularization. One day after injection, iris neovascularization regressed significantly, however, visual acuity was decreased to finger counting. CONCLUSIONS: In ocular ischemic syndrome, bevacizumab injection for reduction of iris neovascularization should be carefully considered due to possibility of acute visual loss.
Aged ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Eye ; Fingers ; Humans ; Iris ; Light Coagulation ; Ophthalmology ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

Congenitally missing teeth are one of the most prevalent dental anomalies in the oral cavity. In this study, the prevalence, distribution, and symmetry of congenitally missing permanent teeth among 1,865 patients aged 7 to 15 years who visited the Pediatric Dentistry Department of Wonju Severance Christian Hospital from March 2011 to May 2021 and took panoramic radiographs were investigated and analyzed. Most of the patients had one or two congenitally missing teeth, mainly in the second premolars and lateral incisors. Congenitally missing teeth occurred more in the mandible than in the maxilla, and there was no significant difference in prevalence between the left and right sides. Congenitally missing teeth tend to occur symmetrically on the left and right sides and in the maxilla and mandible, depending on the tooth. Early oral examination and radiological examination are required to prevent complications due to congenitally missing teeth, and appropriate interdisciplinary treatment is required.

PURPOSE: To analyze the association of visual efficiency and quality of life using data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V). METHODS: The present study included 5,244 glaucoma or glaucoma suspect subjects who completed a visual acuity test, visual field test and health-related questionnaire from the KNHANES V. Visual efficiency was calculated using best corrected visual acuity and visual field test. Quality of life was assessed with EuroQoL 5D (EQ-5D). Visual efficiency was compared with best corrected vision of the better eye to evaluate the relationship with quality of life. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and partial correlations analysis were used to analyze the associations between factors. RESULTS: Both visual efficiency and best corrected visual acuity of the better eye were significantly different with all EQ-5D parameters (p < 0.005). After controlling for age, gender, income, education, spouse and house ownership, visual efficiency showed a positive correlation coefficient of +0.040 (p = 0.006) with the quality of life and the best corrected visual acuity of the better eye showed negative correlation coefficient of -0.044 (p = 0.002) with the quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Visual efficiency was associated with the quality of life. Not only visual acuity but also visual efficiency would be a valuable parameter when considering the quality of life. Further studies are needed to evaluate non-glaucomatous populations.
Education ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Korea* ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Ownership ; Quality of Life* ; Spouses ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests

PURPOSE: To report a case of recurrent uveitis associated with autoimmune liver disease. CASE SUMMARY: A 50-year-old female with severe fatigue and arthritis visited the ophthalmology department due to decreased visual acuity and discomfort in her right eye for ten days. She had intermittent injection and blurred vision in both eyes for 30 years. Slit lamp examination of her right eye showed keratic precipitates, pigment deposits on the anterior capsule of the lens and anterior chamber cells; fundus examination was normal without any sign of chorioretinitis. Inflammatory reaction was improved after steroid and cycloplegic eye drop treatment. Two months later, her left eye developed anterior uveitis. Inflammation was well controlled with steroid and cycloplegic eye drop treatment. To evaluate the cause of uveitis and associated systemic disease, serological testing was performed, and abnormal elevation of liver enzymes was detected. The patient was referred to the Gastroenterology Department and diagnosed with autoimmune liver disease. Oral ursodeoxycholic acid was prescribed. Liver function profile improved to normal range, and the patient is currently under routine follow-up with no sign of recurrent uveitis. CONCLUSIONS: When a patient with recurrent uveitis presents symptoms such as nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, jaundice or abnormal liver profile, association with autoimmune liver disease should be considered.
Abdominal Pain ; Anterior Capsule of the Lens ; Anterior Chamber ; Arthritis ; Chorioretinitis ; Fatigue ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastroenterology ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Jaundice ; Liver ; Liver Diseases* ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; Ophthalmology ; Reference Values ; Serologic Tests ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid ; Uveitis* ; Uveitis, Anterior ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To report a case study of a penetrating fish hook ocular injury. CASE SUMMARY: A 53-year-old male visited the emergency department complaining that he injured his eye with a fish hook. He had no specific ophthalmologic or medical history. A fish hook had penetrated the sclera 1.5 mm temporal to the limbus. The tip of the fish hook was visible at the posterior surface of the lens. His visual acuity was hand motion. The fish hook was removed through the entrance wound using the backout method. Anterior chamber irrigation and extracapsular cataract extraction with phacoemulsification were performed and intracameral antibiotic injection administered. Intraocular lens implantation was performed at a later date. Presently, the patient has a best correctional visual acuity of 0.7 with no signs of infections. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of ocular fish hook injury, determining a removal method is crucial for recovery. Herein, we report a case of successfully treated fish hook ocular perforation along with a literature review.
Anterior Chamber ; Athletic Injuries ; Cataract Extraction ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hand ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phacoemulsification ; Sclera ; Visual Acuity ; Wounds and Injuries

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease with severe pruritus, and the first step of atopic march since it often precedes asthma or allergic rhinitis. Since its etiology or pathogenesis is very complex and frequently changing, physicians cannot easily understand it in entirety. New insights into the genetics and pathophysiology of AD emphasize the crucial function of the skin barrier as well as abnormal immune response. In this review, the pathogenesis of AD is explained as the combined features of impaired skin barrier and abnormal immune response rather than each independent concept. Understanding the whole pathogenesis of AD may lead to early intervention and prevention of atopic march as well as proper clinical treatment.
Asthma ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Genetics ; Hypersensitivity ; Pruritus ; Rhinitis ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

In 1963, Rowell et al. reported a new syndrome characterized by lupus erythematosus with erythema multiforme-like lesions and specific immunological abnormalities, termed Rowell syndrome. Herein, we report a case meeting the criteria for Rowell syndrome. A 30-year-old woman presented with annular, targetoid, erythematous, scaly papules and plaques on her face and the whole body. She also showed abnormal immunoserologic findings. A biopsy specimen confirmed lupus erythematosus and erythema multiforme; therefore, she was diagnosed with Rowell syndrome.
Biopsy ; Erythema ; Erythema Multiforme ; Female ; Humans

Underactive bladder and impaired bladder compliance are irreversible problems associated with bladder fibrosis. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix is regarded as an important mechanism associated with bladder fibrosis. However, various risk factors and conditions contribute to the functional impairment of the bladder associated with fibrosis, and there is limited knowledge about bladder fibrosis-associated problems in the field of neurourology. Further studies are thus necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanism of bladder fibrosis and to identify effective treatment.

Objectives: ：We aimed to explore weekend catch-up sleep (CUS) by age and to find out the association between CUS and depression by the age group and weekday sleep duration (SD). Methods: ：Using data from the 2016-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the CUS by age of 16,174 subjects was investigated, and the depression data of 11,088 subjects were analyzed. CUS was calculated as the weekend sleep duration minus weekday sleep duration (SD). The mean of CUS and weekday SD in depression group and non-depression group was compared by early, middle, and late adulthood groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the effect of CUS on the depression by age group when weekday SD was insufficient. Results: ：The CUS tended to decrease continuously with age, the mean of CUS in the late adult group was the shortest. However, the average SD, adjusted for weekend CUS, was the shortest in the middle adulthood group. Overall, the sleep durations were shorter in the depression group than in the non-depression group, but the CUS difference between the two groups was significantly only in the middle adulthood. The risk of depression was signifi-cantly higher when weekend CUS was less than 1hour with a short weekday SD of less than 6hours (OR 2.44, 95% CI: 1.78-3.35), and this finding was significant in all adult groups. Conclusions ：The findings of this study suggest that short weekday SD and inadequate weekend CUS are as-sociated with depression and that CUS is an option to compensate for sleep deprivation and prevent depression.