The effect of 1% apraclonidine(Lopidine) in preventing transient rising of intraocular pressure following argon laser peripheral iridotomy or argon laser trabeculoplasty was evaluated in a prospective, randomised, double-masked study. Forty-two eyes(42 patients) with glaucoma underwent argon laser peripheral iridotomy or argon laser trabeculasty. They were randomised into two groups; the apraclonidine group(twenty-one eyes) receiving 1% apraclonidine hydrochloride, and the control group(twenty-one eyes). The apraclonidine group was treated with one drop of 1% apraclonidine hydrochrolide one hour before and immdiately after laser surgery. We measured intraocular pressure before the operation and hourly for the first three hours after the operation, after one day, and after one week. Elevation of intraocular pressure after laser surgery was found in 13 eyes(61.9%) of the control group and 5 eyes(23.8%) of the apraclonidine group. Elevation greater than 10 mmHg was found in 3 eyes of the control group but none in the apraclonidine group.
Argon* ; Double-Blind Method ; Glaucoma* ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Laser Therapy* ; Prospective Studies ; Trabeculectomy

Complete proximal ureteral avulsion owing to blunt trauma is quite rare. Prompt diagnosis and repair are important in saving the kidney. Herein is reported the observation on one case of traumatic ureteral avulsion which has been treated successfully by end-to-end ureteroureterostomy.
Diagnosis ; Kidney ; Ureter*

Colorectal polypectomy is an effective method for prevention of colorectal cancer. Many endoscopic instruments have been used for colorectal polypectomy, such as snares, forceps, endoscopic clips, a Coagrasper, retrieval net, injector, and electrosurgery generator unit (ESU). Understanding the characteristics of endoscopic instruments and their proper use according to morphology and size of the colorectal polyp will enable endoscopists to perform effective polypectomy. I reviewed the characteristics of endoscopic instruments for colorectal polypectomy and their appropriate use, as well as the basic principles and settings of the ESU.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; Electrosurgery ; Methods ; Polyps ; SNARE Proteins ; Surgical Instruments

Researches on microbiota in the stomach have entered a revolutionary period in recent years due to the advanced technology that can detect culture-independent gastric microfloras. In spite of its harsh environment, stomach plays a role as an ecosystem for some microbiota. Their composition and number of colony forming units are influenced by several innate defense mechanisms such as low gastric pH, gastric mucus layer, migrating motor complex and some external factors such as gastric acid lowering medications and diet patterns. Here, we review the literatures concerning factors that influence the gastric microbiota.We believe this will be helpful for understanding the role of microbiota in the stomach.
Defense Mechanisms ; Diet ; Ecosystem ; Gastric Acid ; Gastric Juice ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Microbiota* ; Mucus ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; Stem Cells ; Stomach

We experienced a case of D3 proliferative vitreoretinopathy complicated with a shortened retina in a 31-year-old male which was managed using 360-degrees circumferential retinotomy technique and a case of D1 proliferative vitreoretinopathy complicated with a shortened retina in a 26-year-old female which was managed using 260-degrees circumferential retinotomy technique. We report these cases with a review of the literature
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retina* ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

Transrectal ultrasonography is one of the most available techniques to evaluate prostatic disease and is far more accurate than conventional ultrasonography. A retrospective review of ultrasonographic characteristics of the prostate was made in an attempt to define the ability of the technique to distinguish benign from malignant prostatic disease. Analysis included evaluation of the capsule, abnormal foci (echo brightness, echo thickness) and calcification. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed in 79 cases and the results were compared with the pathologic results of prostatic tissue obtained by transperineal ultrasound guided or transurethral prostatic resection. Acoustic characterization of abnormal small foci within the gland has a moderate degree of overlap, but may suggest the differentiation of benign and malignant disease.
Acoustics ; Prostate ; Prostatic Diseases ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography*

Thromboangiitis obliterans is a specific, recurrent segmental, inflammatory, obliterative vascular disease involving principally medium sized arteries and veins of the extremies. Thromboangiitis obliterans of the spermatic cord is an exceedingly rare condition and reported less than 10 cases in the literature. We submit a case suffering from thromboangiitis obliterans of the spermatic cord.
Arteries ; Spermatic Cord* ; Thromboangiitis Obliterans* ; Vascular Diseases ; Veins