PURPOSE: To identify the characteristics of adult patients who develop acute concomitant esotropia during adulthood. METHODS: Using a retrospective noncomparative method, this study evaluated the medical charts of 10 adults who were diagnosed with acute onset esotropia between January 2003 and May 2005. All patients presented the symptoms of estotropia when they were older than age 18. All patients in the study group had no previous ocular history, no cause of interruption of fusion, no history of systemic disease or head trauma, and no abnormal findings on neurologic examination. RESULTS: The average follow-up period was 10.8 months (range, 5 ~ 17 months). The mean age was 44.7 years (range, 18 ~ 62 years). The average refractive error was -1.43 diopter (range, -5.50 ~ +0.50 diopter). An operation was performed in one case. The prism diopter decreased according to follow-up in other patients. CONCLUSIONS: There are characteristics of acute onset esotropia of adulthood that differentiate it from existing esotropia. Almost all patients were myopic, showed nearly the same prism diopter between near and far vision, and deviation improved with follow-up.
Adult ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Esotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neurologic Examination ; Refractive Errors ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To study the relationship between the concentration of ascorbic acid in the anterior chamber and the complications of an experimental alkali burn in rabbit corneas. METHODS: Standardized corneal alkali wounds were induced in both eyes of 33 albino rabbits by applying a 5.5 mm-sized round filter paper, soaked in 1N NaOH for 20 seconds. Then, the control group (22 eyes) was given Tears Natural II(R) (Alcon), treated group A (22 eyes) was given ascorbic acid (10%) for 2 hours, and treated group B (22 eyes) was given ascorbic acid (10%) for 6 hours. The concentrations of ascorbic acid in the anterior chamber were measured using a microplate assay immediately post-injury, and at 5 days, 15 days, and 30 days post-injury. During the experiment, clinical observation was performed to detect complications such as corneal ulcer or perforation. RESULTS: The incidence of ulceration was significantly lower between control group and treated groups A and B (p<0.05). The incidence of perforation was significantly lower in treated group A compared to the control group B (p<0.05). In addition, a higher concentration of ascorbic acid in the anterior chamber and a lower severity of corneal injury was significant (sigma=-0.302, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Higher concentrations of ascorbic acid in the anterior chamber were associated with fewer complications in experimental alkali burns in rabbit corneas.
Alkalies ; Anterior Chamber* ; Ascorbic Acid* ; Burns ; Cornea ; Corneal Ulcer ; Incidence ; Rabbits ; Ulcer ; Wounds and Injuries

Here we present the first report of a gangliocytic paraganglioma arising in a tailgut cyst; it occurred in a 56-year-old man. Tailgut cysts are uncommon congenital hamartomatous lesions that arise in the retrorectal presacral space in infants or adults. Benign or malignant tumors associated with tailgut cysts are rarely described; the most common tumors are adenocarcinomas and carcinoid tumors. A gangliocytic paraganglioma is a rare benign tumor that occurs nearly exclusively in the second portion of the duodenum. Rare cases have been reported at other locations, but a tailgut cyst has never been described. In our case, a resected 3.9 x 3.3 x 3 cm mass was composed predominantly of a solid yellow white neuroendocrine tumor within the area of a tailgut cyst. The neuroendocrine component of this tumor was different from previously described carcinoid tumors with respect to the histologic findings of neural differentiation as well as the intermixed typical gangliocytic features highlighted by immunohistochemical stains for S-100 protein and neurofilament. Although an intermixed area of the tailgut cyst and gangliocytic paraganglioma were found in some areas, the pathogenesis of this tumor remains to be elucidated.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adult ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Coloring Agents ; Duodenum ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Paraganglioma ; S100 Proteins

Background and Objectives: Cancer organizations worldwide have recently released care guidelines for cancer patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several studies have reported higher mortality rates in cancer patients with COVID-19. However, drawing robust conclusions remains challenging due to a lack of research on clinical prognostic factors in this patient group. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We searched the keywords in the following combination: (“COVID-19” or “coronavirus” or “wuhan virus”) and (“cancer”). The search was performed on August 1, 2020, and only papers written in English were included in this study. We collected data from 3,215 cancer patients with COVID-19 from 16 studies and analyzed overall mortality after COVID-19 infection in cancer patients compared to controls, as well as prognostic factors for severity and mortality after COVID-19 infection. The prognostic factors analyzed encompassed demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, cancer treatment within 4 weeks of COVID-19 diagnosis, and treatment for COVID-19 infection. Results: This meta-analysis evaluated mortality rates and related prognostic factors in cancer patients infected with COVID-19. First, 15 of the 16 studies reported mortality data; 663 patients died among a total of 3,215 people, resulting in a combined mortality rate of 21%. Second, the following poor prognostic factors were identified: male sex, older age (≥65 years), respiratory symptoms (e.g., cough and dyspnea), and other comorbidities (e.g., cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Conclusion The mortality of cancer patients infected with COVID-19 can reach about 20%.

No abstract available.
Adhesives*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: During early diagnostic studies on Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, it is difficult to differentiate the origin of fever. Antibiotics are administered first until defervescence prior to chemotherapy. Thus, we tested the effect of administration of both antibiotics and prednisone in early phase prior to chemotherapy.METHODS: From January 1, 1989 to March 20, 2013, 28 patients diagnosed with ALL at Wonju Severance Christian hospital were selected. They were febrile but had no evidence of infection. Prednisone was given with antibiotics prior to chemotherapy to group 1, and antibiotics only to group 2. Age, sex, height, weight, initial complete blood cell count, blood chemistry, time to recover from febrile state, time to initiate remission induction therapy, period of remission induction therapy and time to complete remission were recorded.RESULTS: Ages and heights showed statistical differences between groups. Initial neutrophil counts, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein level and platelet counts revealed no differences. Prednisone was administered 3 days after the admission in group 1 and 5 days in group 2. Fever subsidence time, times to start remission induction, duration of the treatment, time to complete remission did not suggest significant difference. However, log-rank test demonstrated that the fever subsided earlier in group 1 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Early glucocorticoid use in febrile ALL patients without evidence of infection revealed contradictory results on fever subsidence time depending on different statistical methods, and a prospective study with larger sample is required to corroborate the finding.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Blood Cell Count ; C-Reactive Protein ; Fever ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Neutrophils ; Platelet Count ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Prednisone ; Remission Induction ; Time-to-Treatment

The subaxial screw fixation technique is commonly used for fixation in a wide range of cervical diseases, including traumatic, degenerative, and neoplastic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and spondyloarthropathy. Although it is regarded as a relatively safe procedure, several complications may be encountered during surgery, such as vertebral artery (VA) and nerve root injuries, facet violation, and mass fracture. We report a case of endovascular embolization after VA injury during a high cervical spinal surgery. A 48-year-old woman was scheduled for C-1-2-3 posterior fixation. Plain radiography of the cervical spine revealed a severely unstable state. During dissection around the C1 lateral mass on the right side, sudden brisk arterial bleeding was observed. On vertebral angiography, flow voiding was noted above the right V3 portion. After checking patent collateral flow from the contralateral VA, routine coil embolization was performed to pack the V3 segment. Iatrogenic vascular injuries due to spinal surgery are rare but serious complications. For patients with RA, we recommend careful preoperative evaluation before a high cervical surgical procedure to avoid iatrogenic VA injury and endovascular interventions that are safe and effective in the diagnosis and treatment of such vascular injuries.

Objective: : Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common intracranial hemorrhages. It can be managed with a simple surgical treatment such as burr-hole trephination and drainage. However, it has a relatively high recurrence rate. The mechanisms and risk factors for the recurrence have not yet been clearly identified and studies have reported varying results. Methods: : We analyzed 230 patients with CSDH who were treated with burr-hole trephination and drainage at our institution from March 2011 to March 2016. The patients were divided into recurrence and non-recurrence groups and the medical records of each group were used to analyze the risk factors associated with CSDH recurrence. Results: : After burr-hole trephination and drainage, CSDH recurrence was observed in 49 (21.3%) of the 230 patients. In univariate analysis, none of the factors showed statistical significance with respect to CSDH recurrence. In multivariate analysis, preoperative antithrombotic medication was the only independent risk factor for CSDH recurrence (odds ratio, 2.407; 95% confidence interval, 1.047–5.531). Conclusion : The present study found that preoperative antithrombotic medication was independently associated with CSDH recurrence.

BACKGROUND: Rapid and accurate detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is of primary importance for infection control and selection of anti-tuberculosis drugs. However, most clinical laboratories report MTB complex (MTC) without reporting MTB because MTC comprising MTB, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium microti, Mycobacterium caprae and Mycobacterium pinnipedii have 99.9% similarity at the nucleotide level and identical 16S rRNA sequences. This study was conducted to analyze the species frequency of MTC isolates obtained from clinical specimen. METHODS: Of 310 MTC isolates obtained from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital from February 2017 to August 2018, MolecuTech Real TB-Taq (YD Diagnostics, Korea) real-time PCR was performed, specifically to detect MTB. For DNA showing MTB negative results by MTB-specific real-time PCR or pyrazinamide-resistant strains, PCR-based MTC typing, spoligotyping, and exact tandem repeat D gene sequencing were performed. RESULTS: All the 310 MTC isolates were identified to be MTB. Two MTB strains of East-African-Indian 4-Vietnam genotype, which have not been reported in Korea, were also found. CONCLUSION There was no zoonotic tuberculosis in this study. Since we investigated only 310 MTC isolates detected in only one medical institution, multi-center study is needed to accurately know the prevalence of zoonotic tuberculosis in Korea.