1.Effects of nut and legume powder substitution in crackers prepared with wheat flour on postprandial plasma glucose response among healthy Thai adults
Wongdokmai Rossukon ; Sridonpai Pimnapanut ; Prachansuwan Aree
Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 2024;30(No.1):95-106
Introduction: Crackers, one of the most consumed baked products, primarily
contain refined wheat flour and have a moderate glycaemic index (GI). Nut and
legume powders are used in baked goods to help regulate postprandial glycaemia;
however, their glycaemic responses remain controversial. Our study aimed to
compare the postprandial glycaemic responses between crackers with 30% wheat
flour substitution by white kidney beans, cashew nuts, and almonds versus standard
wheat crackers. Methods: Twelve adults were recruited for a five-session randomised
controlled crossover study. In each session, they were randomly assigned to receive
50g carbohydrates from either a glucose solution or one of the four crackers.
Plasma glucose levels were measured at baseline and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120
minutes after consumption. Satiety and hunger were evaluated using 100mm visual
analogue scales at baseline and every 30 minutes until 120 minutes. Results: Mean
incremental area under the curve (IAUC) for plasma glucose did not differ between
the alternatives and wheat crackers, but was lowest for almond crackers. Compared
with GI value of glucose solution, that of wheat, cashew nut, white kidney bean, and
almond crackers were 39.97±23.13, 37.66±24.66, 35.85±10.86, and 28.09±17.92,
respectively. Almond cracker consumption resulted in the highest mean IAUC
for satiety and lowest for hunger, though non-significant. Conclusion: Crackers
with 30% wheat flour substitution by nut and legume powders tended to improve
postprandial glycaemia more than the standard crackers; however, acute responses
on insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 require further examination.