Increased melanin pigmentation following ultraviolet irradiat.ion is due to increasing tyrosinase activity and multiplicatian of functioning melanocytes. After UV-irradiation, the size of melanocytes increases, and melanocyte dendrites elongatc, and branch. In this experiment, we induced the activation of melanocyts in the epidermis of C57BL black mice by ultraviolet-B(UVB) irradiation and observcd ihe effect of azelaic acid and retinoic acid on the UVB activated epidermal melanocytes. Sixty C57BL black mice were irradiated by UVB 100mJ/cm daily for 10 days, and then azeiaic acid and retinoic acid were topically applied daily for 7 weeks. For the estimation of morphologic change of epidermal melanocytes, light microscopic observation with split DOPA stain was performed at the end of the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th week of topical application. The results are summerized as follows : 1. The number, size and circumference of DOPA-positive epidermal melanocytes were significantly decreased in 20% azelaic acid applied group and 30% azelaic acid and 0.05% retinoic acid applied group. 2. In 20% azelaic;i.cid and 0.05% retinoic acid applied group, the number, size and circumference of DOPA-positive epidermal melanocytes were nore significantly decreased than in 20% azelaic acid applied group. In summary, the present study suggets that azelaic acid act as a depigmenting agent on epidermal melanocyte; and such depigmenting effect of azelaic acid was increased by addition of retinoic acid.
Animals ; Dendrites ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Epidermis ; Melanins ; Melanocytes* ; Mice* ; Monophenol Monooxygenase ; Pigmentation ; Tretinoin*

No abstract available.
Nipples* ; Poroma*

No abstract available.
Ankle* ; Foot* ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Rectus Abdominis* ; Tibia*

Tolerance to contact hypersensitivity was induced by feeding of different DNCB doses in mice. A total of 40 mice were divided into 4 groups(control group, 6 mg feeding group, 10 mg feeding group, 14 mg feeding group) in experiment I, Degree of tolerance to contact hypersensitivity was rneasured by incremert rate of ear swelling after challenge with DNFB. Experiment 2 was performed in the same method of cxperiment: I with addition of 3 mg DNCB feeding group. The increment ratee were significantly decreased in DNCB feeding groups in experirnent 1 and 2(p<0.0l). But there were no differences statisticalIy between increment rates of DNCB feeding groups.
Animals ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Dinitrochlorobenzene* ; Dinitrofluorobenzene ; Ear ; Mice*

Corneal ulcerations are divided into two morphologic types: central and marginal. Marginal corneal ulcerations are characterized by focal, muItifocal, multifocal or diffuse ulcerative, infiltrative, or vascular involvement of the peripheral cornea, and the exact pathogenesis of these ulcerations is not clearly understood but infectious, toxic or autoimmune factors may be involved. The authors treated one peripheral corneal ulcer patient, no respond to steroid and antibiotic therapy, with lamellar keratoplasty and had a good result.
Cornea ; Corneal Transplantation* ; Corneal Ulcer* ; Humans ; Ulcer

No abstract available.
Fibroma

A 24-year Korean woman presented with bizarre pigmentary skin changes. Eruptive vellus hair cysts (EVHC) were observed in conjunction with Hypomelanosis of Ito (HI). Also, the karyotype of 45XO with typical clinical symptoms of Turner's syndrome was detected in this patient, which has been rarely reported in HI as a chromosomal defect. EVHC may manifest as a rare skin manifestation of Hl.
Female ; Hair* ; Humans ; Hypopigmentation* ; Karyotype ; Skin ; Skin Manifestations ; Turner Syndrome*

BACKGROUND: The cornified cell envelope (CE) is a unique structure found in the terminal differentiation of the skin. The precursor proteins of the CE are composed of many candidate structural proteins, among which invalucrin and filaggrin are important ones to participate in the complicated process of forming, the complex structure. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of expression of involucrin and filaggrin as markers of terminal differentiation in various skin disorders including tumors. METHODS: Immunohistochemical studies were performed in the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin samples of non-tumors (41 cases) and tumors (43 cases).
Skin*

Double outlet right ventricle, a complex of congenital cardiac anomalies in which both great arteries arise wholly or in large part from the morphologic right ventricle presents diverse clinical manifestations according to the morphological characteristics. Eighty cases with DORV were diagnosed and operated at Yonsei Cardiovascular Center from 1988 to 1992. The analysis of the morphological characteristics of this anomaly and comparative study of operative methods and mortality according to the morphological classification led to the following results: 1) The location of VSD varied to be subaortic in 40 cases, subpulmonic in 15, doubly committed in 6 and noncommitted in 19 cases. The great arteries were interrelated in D-malposition in 43 cases and L-malposition in 18 and 26 cases among above mentioned 61 cases revealed the side-by-side relationship. Ten of the cases showed normal position and the rest 9, A-malposition. 2) Pulmonary stenosis was found in 60 cases, and when associated with subpulmonic VSD, occurring less frequently. PDA and ASD secundum were associated in successional order and only 3 cases were verified to carry aortic arch anomalies such as coarctation and interruption, all with subpulmonic VSD. 3) Intraventricular tunnel repair was possible in every case associated with subaortic VSD and the postoperative prognosis was excellent. In comparison, most of the cases associated with other types of VSD in which only palliative surgery or various types of intraventricular repair were performed, the general outcome was poor. But total cavopulmonary connection, one of the physiological corrective methods, showing a better postoperative prognosis is being carefully considered for its broad adoptation in future. In conclusion, double outlet right ventricle, a pathophysiological complex of various anomalies, should be thoroughly evaluated for the morphological characteristics to decide the most appropriate types of operation and for consequent improvement of prognosis.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Arteries ; Classification ; Double Outlet Right Ventricle* ; Heart Ventricles ; Mortality ; Palliative Care ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

The clinical symptom complex characterized by syncopal attacks and sudden death in patients with electrocardiographic anomalies, especially a prolonged Q-T interval is known as the Romano-Ward syndrome. When a similar symptom complex is accompanied by congenital deafness, it is called Jervell and Lange-Nieisen syndrome. This study was undertaken to investigate the investigate the incidence of the latter syndrome in the Seoul area. A total of 1,013 children with congenital deafness who attend schools for the deaf were studied by analyzing their electrocardiograms. A corrected Q-T interval of> or =0.44 seconds was defined as a prolonged Q-T interval. The overall incidence of long Q-T syndrome observed in the deaf in the Seoul area was 0.49% as compared to 0.25% reported from elsewhere in the world. The mean age of patients with long Q-T syndrome was 11.3+/-5.9 years and the first syncopal attacks was 4.6+/-1.1 per patient. A valsalva maneuver and exercise tests in the test group were associated with significant changes in T wave configuration and prolonged Q-T intervals while similar changes were not observed in the control group. A larger survey is needed to derive more statistically significant conclusions.
Child* ; Deafness* ; Death, Sudden ; Electrocardiography ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Incidence ; Romano-Ward Syndrome ; Seoul ; Valsalva Maneuver