This experiment was designed to investigate the histochemical and ultrastructural changes of the proximal tubules and glomeruli of rabbits treated with cyclosporin A (CsA) or cyclosporin A and concomitant administration of prednisolone (PD). Rabbits were given with CsA for 1 week (CsAlW) and for 2 weeks (CsA2W) and CsA plus PD for 1 week (CsA +PDIW) and for 2 weeks (CsA+PD2W). The dose of CsA was 5mg/kg/day i.v. and PD was 1 mg/kg/day i.m. At 1 week and 2 weeks after the treatments, the following items were studied of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase). peroxidase, 5'-nucleotidase (SNU) with the ultrastructural enzymatic changes and electron microscopic changes. CsAlW, CsA2W and CsA +PD2W groups showed a decrease of ALPase activity and CsA+PD2W and CsA2W groups showed weakly increased peroxidase activity CsA2W and CsA+PD2W showed a decrease of 5NU activity. Ultrastructural changes of CsAlW CsA2W and CsA+PD2W groups revealed swollen and disrupted mitochondria, loss of brush border in the proximal tubules and thickening of basement membranes, edematous podocytes and fusion of root processes of podocytes in the glomeruli showing the early stage of nephrotoxicity. The concomitant treatment of PD with CsA eased the nephrotoxicity of CsA within 1 week after the treatment.
5'-Nucleotidase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Basement Membrane ; Cyclosporine* ; Kidney* ; Microvilli ; Mitochondria ; Peroxidase ; Podocytes ; Prednisolone* ; Rabbits

The cytologic examination of the urine is very simple and inexpensive procedure for the detection and follow up the genitourinary tumors, and worthy as a mass screening test. The voided urines of 20 patients who were admitted to the department of urology, Seoul city hospital from October 1983 to September 1985 with the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma were analysed as to variations in PH and osmolality values and quality of cytologic smears. The same analyses were repeated after addition of trichloracetic acid (TCA) and after diuresis was obtained by Furosemide medication. Standardization of values of PH (average 2) and of osmolality (average 300 mosm/kg) was obtained by adding TCA to furosemide urine. The cellular smears of this TCA treated furosemide urine exhibited the finest cytological details when compared to the smears obtained by routine method.
Diagnosis* ; Diuresis ; Furosemide ; Hospitals, Urban ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Mass Screening ; Osmolar Concentration ; Seoul ; Urinary Bladder ; Urology

No abstract available.
Galactitol* ; Galactosemias* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Mass Screening*

BACKGROUND: Epidural morphine has side effects, especially pruritus, nausea, and vomiting. Butorphanol has been added in studies to reduce these side effects in post cesarean patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the side effects and analgesic efficacy when a combination of epidural morphine and butorphanol was administered in patients having combined local anesthetic and opioid epidural infusion. METHODS: Sixty patients having epidural anesthesia for cesarean section were randomly divided into two groups. Group M (n=30) received a bolus of 0.25% bupivacaine 4 ml, morphine 2 mg, and saline 0.75 ml, whereas group B (n=30) received a bolus of 0.25% bupivacaine 4 ml, morphine 2 mg, and butorphanol 1.5 mg (0.75 ml). Continuous epidural infusion was done by Two-day Infusor containing either 0.25% bupivacaine 75 ml, morphine 5 mg, and saline 20 ml in group M or 0.25% bupivacaine 75 ml, morphine 5 mg, butorphanol 4 mg (2 ml), and saline 18 ml in group B. We compared the side effect and analgesic effect of group M to those of group B for 2 days. RESULTS: The incidence of pruritus and vomiting were reduced significantly in group B (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between both groups in the incidence of nausea or other side effects as well as no differences in analgesic effect. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the addition of butorphanol to morphine in combined local anesthetic and opioid epidural infusion for postoperative analgesia decreases the occurrence of pruritus and vomiting without significant increase of other side effects and adverse effect on analgesia.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Bupivacaine ; Butorphanol* ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infusion Pumps ; Morphine* ; Nausea ; Pregnancy ; Pruritus ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Bacteriolysis* ; Galactose* ; Lipopolysaccharides* ; Salmonella typhi* ; Salmonella*

No abstract available.
Oncogene Proteins* ; Oncogenes* ; Teratocarcinoma*

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis results from bone loss due to menopause [estrogen(E) deficiency] and aging. Initial skeletal effect of menopause is accelerated bone resorption with an increase in seurm calcium(Ca) and compensatory but inadequate bone formation. Secretion of parathyroid hormone(PTH) is suppressed at this time. Postmenopausal osteoporosis results in fractures predominantly of trabecular bone, i.e., vertebra. With aging, secondary hyperparathyroidism by low serum Ca and vitamin D deficiency superim poses. Senile osteoporosis produces hip fractures, area of cortical bone. The aim of this study was to- examine the association of vitamin D[25(OH)D] and intact(i) PTH with bone mineral density(BMD) after controlling for suggested confounding factors, and the possibility of low serum vitamin D and high serum iPTH concentration could impact bone loss in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: Data from 188 postmenopausal Korean women aged 42 to 69 were analyzed through BMD, serum 25(OH)D, iPTH, Ca, phosphorus(P), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and clinical characteristics. Factors affecting BMD was determined by Pearson correlation and the relationship between lumbar and femoral neck BMD and vitamin D[25(OH)D] and iPTH was assessed by multiple regression analysis after adjus- ting for suggested confounding factors. RESULTS: Lumbar and femoral neck BMD, serum Ca, P were decresaed and serum iPTH was increased with aging. In Pearson`s correlation, significant contributing factors to lumbar BMD was age, height, weight, menarche, year since menopause(YSM) and ALP. And significant contributing factors to femoral neck BMD was age, height, weight, menarche, YSM and iPTH. No relationship could be demonstrated between serum vitamin D[25(OH)D] and lumbar and femoral neck BMD. How ever, after controlling for potential confounding factors, a correlation was found between vitamin D[25(OH)D] and both of lumbar (p=0.013) and femoral neck BMD(p=0.077). iPTH was inversely related to femoral neck BMD(p=0.004) only in multiple linear regression. CONCLUSION: Serum vitamin D[25(OH)D] was influencing both of vertebral and femoral neck BMD, which suggests a significant role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteo- porosis. In age related remodeling and loss of bone, increased serum iPTH might have additive role in cortical bone of femur. These findings suggest that vitamin D is very important for optimal bone health and a deleterious effect of increased iPTH on cortical bone loss. Adequate calcium and vitamin D status have to be maintained to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal Korean women.
Aging ; Bone Density* ; Bone Resorption ; Calcium ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary ; Linear Models ; Menarche ; Menopause ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; Parathyroid Hormone* ; Spine ; Tolnaftate ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; Vitamin D* ; Vitamins*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Animals ; Humans ; Liver* ; Population Characteristics* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Specialization*

We present a patient with spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula presented with subdural hematoma and progressive myelopathy. Transarterial embolization using NBCA results in complete obliteration of fistula without complication. The pathophysiology, angioarchitexture of the lesion and strategy for its cure would be discussed.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Fistula ; Hematoma, Subdural* ; Humans ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Spine