In infections of the urinary tract resulting from bacterial invasions, pus cells are most commonly present in those urine, and bacteria and pus casts may also exist. Campbell considers that there are five pus cells per high power field are within normal limits in the uncentrifuged catheterized urine. On the other hand Helmholz says two to eight pus cells may exist in a normal specimen. It is of no moment if the leukocytes are single or clumped: The important thing is to demonstrate the polymorphic or pawnbroker's nucleus in the pus cells, and desquamated epithelial cells or other urinary debris should not be considered as pus cells. Alto most accurate counting of those should be made with a counting chamber in high power field. It is called bacteria urine if any kind of bacteria exists in the urine with or without leukocytes, and both bacteria urine and pyuria are most significant clinical signs for the diagnosis of urinary infection. According to Lancet (1964) when 100, 000 or more organisms are presentper milliliter of urine, true infection. are actually present and therefore one might assume if there were less than 100,000 organisms per milliliter that thereare no infections, but no one has yet defined what is the normal upper level of white cells in the urine of Korean people. The purpose of this paper is to study what is the normal upper level of white cells and bacteria in the urine of Koreanpeople. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with urinary tract symptoms were assessed. Forty of the subjects were women. A selected control group of twenty adults was composed of twelve female and eight male, none of whom bad ever had urinary infection. Urine specimens were obtained by midstream collection comparing with catheterization. White cell count of the urine was estimated by Thomas white cell counting chamber, while those specimens were not centrifuged, and bacteria count was performed by a standard drop plate method. Steroid provocation test wee based on the procedure described by Pears and Houghton, and 50 mg of prednisolone was given by mouth. RESULTS: 1. In the collection of urine specimens, the midstream collection was more convenient and harmless compared with the results of catheterization. 2. When there were less than five cells per c.mm. there was no evidence of urinary tract infection on those specimens. When there were more than 10 cells per c. mm. there were true infections in those subjects. 3. When there were more than 100, 000 organisms per milliliter there were true infections in those subjects. There were less than 100, 000 organisms per milliliter even in the control group. 4. In steroid provocation test, there were carried out in 20 controls and in 60 patients, the positive test was a rise in white cell count or bacteria count together of at least 100 percent in those 60 patients, but no response in those 20 control group.
Adult ; Bacteria* ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Cell Count ; Diagnosis ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Male ; Mouth ; Prednisolone ; Pyrus ; Pyuria ; Suppuration ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

No abstract available.
Age of Onset* ; Alcoholics* ; Humans

Solitary bone cyst are usually found in the juxta-epiphyseal region of metaphysis of long bones of children. They are rarely seen in non-tubular bones. The following case describes what we believe to be a solitary cyst of the capitate. Cyst was treated by radical curettage and packing with autogenous iliac bone. The most recent evaluation 7 months after surgery showed no discomfort.
Bone Cysts ; Child ; Curettage ; Humans

Reflex ileus in acute abdominal disease were produced frequently due to cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, abscess in pelvic, appendiceal and diaphragmatic etc. But we found that a functional type of paralytic ileus due to ureteral stonetr renal stone was commonly seen on the plain roentgenogram. In these functional type of reflex ileus due to urinary stone, distension of the small intestine withgas may interfere with an accurate detection of the stone. It may lead to confusion in detecting ureteral stone and obstructive ileus. In this report, we analyzed how many cases would show a functional type of reflex ileus in urinary stone cases. 1. In 200 cases of urinary stone, reflex ileus with urinary stone were produced in 49 cases(21. 5%) 2. Many cases of ureteral stone were found on lower third of the ureter. (99 cases) 28 reflex ileus cases in 99 cases were produced (29.2%) 3. In reflex ileus due to urinary stone, we classified them by sex, age, location and stone size. The stone was often masked by nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention and reflex ileus on plain roentgenogram. So it is necessary to perform a complete urological study to detect urinary stone.
Abscess ; Cholecystitis ; Cholelithiasis ; Ileus* ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Intestine, Small ; Masks ; Nausea ; Reflex* ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urolithiasis ; Vomiting

Supracondylar Fractures of the femur are not as cammon as femoral neck or intertrochanteric fractures, but their treatment may be just as difficult. Few surgeons have had extensive experience with this complex fractures of uncommon frequency. Until a few years ago, conservative treatment was considered superior to internal fixation of supracondylar fractures of the femur in adults. However, the development of new fixation devices and techniques has, according to several investigations, improved the results of the treatment of these fractures. The following clinical results were shown by analysis of 27 cases of femoral supracondylar fractures experienced in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Capital Armed Forces General Hospital in the past 3 years from Jan. 1977 to Oec. 1979. 1. The most common cause of these fractures were traffic accidents. 2. Of 27 cases, 11 cases were treated by conservative method, 16 cases were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. 3. Anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation led to 80% of good to excellent results whereas only 33.4% of good to excellent results were obtained in patients in whom the fixation was not absolutely rigid. 4. In the treatment of supracondylar fractures of the femur, anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation (80% of good to excellent results) resulted in better functional recovery after union of fractures than conservative treatment (45.5%).
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Arm ; Femur Neck ; Femur ; Hip Fractures ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Surgeons

We report a case of lupus vulgaris following BCG vaccination in a 12-year-old male. The patient was vaccinated against tuberculosis on right shoulder 6 months ago. The erythemstous papular eruptions began to develop on the BCG vaccinated site 2 weeks after vaccination. The eruptions progressed to be pruritic, erythematous plaque which was flat, crescent shaped, and centrally covered by adherent scales for 6 months. Histopathological findings revealed tubercles and tuberculoid structures composed of epitheloid cells and Langhans giant, cells in the dermis. Caseation necrosis within the tubercles was slight or absent. In addition, there was an infiltrate of mononuclear cells around the tubercles. The skin lesions cleared after 6 months of treatment with oral isoniazid 300mg daily.
Child ; Dermis ; Humans ; Isoniazid ; Lupus Vulgaris* ; Male ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Necrosis ; Shoulder ; Skin ; Tuberculosis ; Vaccination* ; Weights and Measures

We report a case of epidermolysis bullosa acqumta with characteristic clinical features, subepidermal vesicles in histopathology, and deposits of IgG in basement membrane zone at routine direct immunofluorescent test. 1M NaCl-treated immunofluorescent test was performed in order to correctly diagnose our case. In this method, linear immunofluorescent deposits of IgG were found only at the dermal part of separation induced by 1M NaC1 treatment to skin specimen.
Basement Membrane ; Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita* ; Epidermolysis Bullosa* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Methods ; Skin

BACKGROUND: Substrates play an important role in the effectiveness of the indirect immunofluro-rescence test. The monkey eaophagus has been known to be a more reliable and reproducible substrate than any other animal substrates for detecting pemphigus vulgaris autoantibodies, but it is quite difficult to get the monkey esophagus in Korea, therefore, we tried to find other substrates which could be substituted for it. OBJECTIVE: We studied to select the substrate which can be the most sensitive, to compare the immunofluorescent sensitivity of various animal substrates and fores,cins for detection of pemphigus autoantibodies, and finally to evaluate the effectiveness of cultured hunan keratinocytes as a substrate for indirect immunofluorescerice. METHOD: With foreskin, guinea pigs, cats, rats, dogs, rabbits and cultured human keratinocytes as substrates, an indirect imrnunofluorescence test was performed to detect pemphigus vulgaris autoantibodies in seven sera from the active patients before treatment and diluted serially from 1:10 to 1:1280 RESULT: We could detect pernphigus autoantibodies in all animal subtrates used in this study except rats and obtain good immunofluorescent results with foreskin, guinea pigs, and cultured human keratinocytes. The results were moderate with dogs, cats, rabbits, and poor with rats. CONCLUSION: We confirm thut cultured human keratinocytes can be a good effective substrate. According to effectiveness, subtrates can be divided into three groups. Foreskin, guinea pigs, and cultured human keratinocytes are included in the good effective substrate group, dogs, cats, and rabbits in the modeate group and rats in the poor substrate group, but we can not find any superiority of substrates within each groups.
Animals ; Autoantibodies* ; Cats ; Dogs ; Esophagus ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect* ; Foreskin ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Korea ; Pemphigus* ; Rabbits ; Rats

We report a case of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita in a 53 year-old woman who had. extreme skin fragility, trauma induced blisters and erosions usually localized to extensor site of the skin surface, and healing with scars and milia for several years. Histologic findings of perilesional skin showed normal epidermis, subepid malblister and spirsely infiltration of inflammatory cells. Direct immuncofluorescence showed depositiori of IgCi and C3 in a linear pattern along the epidermal basement, membrane in the per ilesional skin. In indirect immuriofluorescence, using 1.0M sodium chloride separated nor mal human skin as the sntbstrate, antitodies(IgG at a titer of 1:40) were bound to dermal site of the separation, indicating that the patient serum yields the reaction in or below the lamiria densa. Electronmicroscopic findings showed the roof of the blister was located. below the basal lamiria.
Blister ; Cicatrix ; Epidermis ; Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita* ; Epidermolysis Bullosa* ; Female ; Humans ; Membranes ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; Sodium Chloride

PURPOSE: To evaluate the findings and the role of CT in plexiform neuro-fibromatosis of the mediastinum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retropectively reviewed the CT scans of five patients with plexiform neurofibromatosis of the mediastinum. The CT scans were reviewed with attention to the distribution of the lesions, appearance and attenuation of mediastinal lesions, enhancement pattern after intravenous contrast infusion and associated findingssuch as intercostal neurofibroma. RESULTS: In all five patients CT scans demonstrated fusiform low attenuated masses which were oriented longitudinally and extended over multiple contiguous scans along the distribution of major mediastinal nerves. In four patients, mediastinal lesions appeared infiltrative, obliterating adjacent mediastinal fat plane. One patient had well defined fusiform masses along the major mediastinal nerves. Postcontrast enhanced CT scans revealed slight central enhancement in two patient and no contrast enhancement in three patients. Associated findings such as neurofibromas of intercostal nerves and sympathetic trunk, or subcutaneous neurofibromas were detected on CTscans in all five patients. CONCLUSION: Characteristic CT findings of low attenuation masses along the major mediastinal nerves are helpful to differentiate plexiform neurofibromatosis from mediastinal lymphadenopathy and to prevent from misreading as a malignant disease.
Humans ; Intercostal Nerves ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Mediastinum* ; Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed