In order to find out a valuable control measure for soil-transmitted parasties, the infectivity in mice of Ascaris eggs irradiated with Cobalt(60) were examined. The results were summarised as follows. In vitro, Ascaris eggs irradiated with larger doses of Cobalt(60) developed poorly, and no difference was found between fresh eggs and those cultured for a few days. Ascaris eggs irradiated with doses of 200,000 rad. developed at the rate of 90 percent after 4 weeks, whereas those irradiated with 1,000,000 rad. developed 28 percent. Ascaris eggs irradiated with Cobalt(60) after 2 weeks of culture were poor in development compared with those of 4 week culture. Eggs cultured for 5 weeks showed weaker infectivity in mice than those cultured for 8 weeks. In the control groups, the infectivity in mice of Ascaris eggs was remained the same between 5 and 8 weeks. The minimum dose of Cobalt(60) irradiation effective for preventing infectivity in mice was estimated to be 200,000 rad.
parasiotology ; radiology ; prevention ; Ascaris suum ; nematode ; Cobalt(60) ; irradiation

No abstract available.
Cadherins* ; Carcinogenesis* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Meningitis, Bacterial*

No abstract available.
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Oximetry*

From January to December 1984, 191 patients with associated ventricular septal defect(VSD) were studied in the cardiac cathetherization laboratory. Among theses 191 cases, 58 cases(30.4%) of subpulmonic VSD were identified by angiocardiography. Among the 59 cases of subpulmonic VSD, 12 cases(20.6%) were complicated with aortic infficiency(AI). The relative frequency of subpulmonic VSD increased with the increase of age and the frequency of complication of AI with the subpulmonic VSD also increased with the increase of age. The amount of left to right shunt in the patients with subpulmonic VSD and AI was small and Qp/Qs ratio was less than 2.0 in all of the 12 cases. Among the 12 patients 4 cases had a pressure gradient greater than 20 mmHg across the infundibular region of the right ventricle.
Angiocardiography ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Respiration, Artificial ; Survival Rate ; Ventilators, Mechanical*

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of atropine therapy on myopic progression in myopic children. METHODS: Fifty myopic patients, aged from 7 to 14 years and less than -5 diopters, visited our clinic for correction of refractive error from August 2001, and were followed up for at least 1 year. Of these 50 patients, the atropine therapy group was 23 and the control group was 27. Right eye cycloplegic refraction and axial length changes of the two groups were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: There was a mean increase of myopia of 0.25+/-0.43 D/yr in the atropine therapy group and of 0.83+/-0.37 D/yr in the control group (P=0.000). There was a mean increase of axial length of 0.12+/-0.19 mm/yr in the atropine therapy group and 0.39+/-0.21 mm/yr in the control group (P=0.000). In refraction and axial length changes according to age, there was no statistically significant difference within the group, aged from 7 to 9 years. However, there was a statistically significant difference within the group, aged from 10 to 14 years. In refraction and axial length changes according to myopic grade, there were a statistically significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Atropine therapy is effective in slowing the myopic progression in myopic children with refractive error less than -5 diopters.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Cisplatin* ; Humans ; Nausea* ; Ondansetron* ; Vomiting*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to review the perinatal clinical characteristics of extremely low birth weight(ELBW) infants and determine their risk factors of their deaths. METHODS: The medical records of 96 infants weighing less than 1,000g, who were born at Seoul National University Hospital and admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) were analyzed retrospectively on the basis of clinical characteristics, obstetrical problems, postnatal complications and outcome. RESULTS: The annual birth rate of ELBW infants was 0.11% to 0.90% of total live births and the mean annual birth rate was 0.56% at Seoul National University Hospital. Preeclampsia was the most common obstetrical problem(34.4%), followed by incompetent internal os of cervix(IIOC) (13.5%), multiple pregnancy(13.5%) and in vitro fertilization(IVF)(13.5%). Respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) was the most common postnatal complication(78.1%), followed by sepsis(60.4%) and apnea(39.6%). Comparing the ELBW infants weighing less than 750g with those weighing more than 751g, sepsis was more frequent in the latter group(p<0.05), whereas high grade intraventricular hemorrhage(grade Ill) was more frequent in the former group(p<0.05). Otherwise there was no statistically significant difference concerning the frequency of perinatal complications between two groups. Comparing the ELBW infants born before the year 1991, when surfactant treatment started to be used routinely at our NICU, with those born after the year 1991, apnea and sepsis could be observed more frequent in the latter group(p<0.05). Otherwise there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of perinatal complications between two groups, The survival rate of ELBW infants was 0.0% in 1986, 50.0% in 1991 and 40.0% in 1995. The risk factors of neonatal deaths of ELBW infants included birth weight, gestational period, mode of delivery, IIOC, RDS, apnea, pneumonia, pneumothorax, acute renal failure(ARF) and infections(except pneumonia), but analyzing these risk factors by multivariate logistic regression analysis, the resultant significant independent risk factors consisted only of birth weight, RDS and pneumonia(p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in survival rate between ELBW infants born before and after the year 1991, but there was a tendency toward increasing survival rates in the latter group. CONCLUSION: Recently, the survival rate of ELBW infants is improving steadily, but is still lower than that of western countries and postnatal morbidity remains high. Therefore, there is an urgent need to give more efforts to the neonatal intensive care of ELBW inFants in order to increase survival rates and reduce postnatal morbidity. But it is more important to reduce preterm birth by the treatment of preventable obstetrical risk factors.
Apnea ; Birth Rate ; Birth Weight ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Live Birth ; Logistic Models ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Pneumonia ; Pneumothorax ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Premature Birth ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Sepsis ; Statistics as Topic* ; Survival Rate