No abstract available.
Jaw*

No abstract available.
Anemia* ; Child* ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Blood Pressure* ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Intubation* ; Lidocaine*

There is a variation in the range of normal occlusion, and we must fit our treatment to the needs of each patient. If the upper or lower incisors are congenitally missing, malformed, or crowded, the extraction of the incisor has some advantages over the extraction of premolars and nonextractions. The advantages are l) simple mechanics, 2) reduced treatment time, 3) less relapse tendency, and 4) fewer facial profile changes. In order to decide which incisor should be extracted, we must consider certain factors: l) discrepancies in anterior arch length, 2) anterior tooth ratio, 3) periodontal and tooth health condition, and 4) the relationship between the upper and lower midline. Diagnostic set-up can be helpful to plan the treatment and show us the post treatment result.
Bicuspid ; Esthetics ; Humans ; Incisor* ; Mechanics ; Recurrence ; Tooth

Chloramphenicol ophthalmic solut,ion is a commonly used eye drui in the treatment of superficial eye infection because of its wide antibacterial spectrum and easy peitation in the ocular tissue and aqueous humor. The true contact dermat it is to chloramphenicol is rarely reported. A case of contact. dermatii,is due to chloramphenicol in a 6-year-old girl was confirmed by the patch test. Marked improvement of the skin lesion and symptoms were rated after the withdrawal of topieal application of the chloramphericol ophthalmic solution.
Aqueous Humor ; Child ; Chloramphenicol* ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Eye Infections ; Female ; Humans ; Patch Tests ; Skin

No abstract available.
Animals ; Ethanol* ; Killer Cells, Natural* ; Mice* ; Rats*

A 24-year old woman presented with hemorrhagic vesicles on her legs. She had taken sibutramine (Reductil(R), Abbott Labs., Seoul, South Korea) for 3 months and developed skin lesions the week before. A skin biopsy showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with conspicuous eosinophilic infiltration of the tissue. These lesions showed improvement after discontinuation of sibutramine. However, 3 months later the skin lesions recurred on other sites on the lower extremities when the patient was rechallenged with the same drug for 2 weeks. Herein, we report the first case of necrotizing vasculitis induced by sibutramine.
Biopsy ; Cyclobutanes ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Skin ; Vasculitis ; Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous

BACKGROUND: Calcipotrol, topical vitamin D analogue, has been demonstrated to have an effect for the treatment of psoriasis with good tolerability. It is required to have comparative studies with the other topical agents which are widely used for the treatment of psoriasis. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose is to compare calcipotriol with desoxymethasone ointemtn in their therapeutic efficacy and ability to affect dermal inflammatory cellular events. METHODS: This study was a randomized, double blind, right/left comparison over 8weeks in 10 patients. The ointments were applied twice daily to the lesions of psoriasis. Clinical efficacy, as measured by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI) was assessed at 2, 4, 6 and 8weeks after starting treatments. The changes in the numbers of dermal immunocytes were assessed on frozen and paraffin-embedded sections by using immunohistochemical stain methods before and after the treatemtns. RESULTS: Reduction of PASI was statistically significant at all time points for both of the treatments (P<0.01) but there was no significant defference between the two treatment modalities. At the completion of 8 weeks of treatments, the mean PASI reduction was 65 percents and 67 percents for calcipotriol and desoxymethasone ointments, respectively. On immunohistochemical staining, the numbers of LCA and HLA-DR positive cells were decreased significantly(P<0.05), and IL-2R and CD4 positive cells were not significaltly reduced in each group after the treatment. CONCLUSION: Calcipotriol ointment was as effective as desoxymethasone ointment, judged by the PASI and the dermal inflammatory cellular events on immunohistochemical staining.
Dermatitis, Atopic ; Desoximetasone* ; HLA-DR Antigens ; Humans ; Ointments* ; Psoriasis* ; Vitamin D

In the case of a soft tissue defect which requires thin & pliable tissues, the choice of donor site is limited due to flap bulkiness and donor site morbidity. To overcome these problems, a variety of perforator-based flaps such as paraspinous and parasacral perforator flap, deep inferior epigastric perforator flap, gluteal perforator flap, and thoracodorsal artery perforator flap have recently been introduced. We experienced 8 cases of soft tissue defects from December 1996 to March 1999 using the thoracodorsal artery perforator flap for reconstruction. We could elevate the cutaneous flap with preservation of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap only when it was based on one cutaneous perforator. Defatting procedure was possible for further thinning of skin flap. In one case, axillary defect after release of postburn scar contracture was repaired with island perforator flap and the other seven cases were repaired with free flap. The results were satisfactory. We believe the thoracodorsal artery perforator flap is useful for reconstruction of soft tissue defects which are large or under conditions requiring thin flap.
Arteries* ; Cicatrix ; Contracture ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Perforator Flap ; Skin* ; Superficial Back Muscles ; Tissue Donors

Spondylolisthesis is the slippage of all or part of one vertebra onto another. The term is derived from the Greek words spondylos and olisthesis. Wiltse, Macnab, and Newman combined their concepts in what remains the most widely accepted classification. Wiltse and Rothman in 1989 suggested a common congenital component in the etiology of dysplastic and isthmic types and added the postsurgical group to the original classification. The precise anatomy of the pars lesion is extremely important in understanding the pathogenesis. The pars interarticularis is the connecting link between pedicles, transverse processes, laminae, and the two articular facets acting as the pivot center. The L5-S1 articulation, being in the coronal plane, is more stable than the sagittal placement of the L4-5 facet joint. The fifth lumbar vertebra is stabilized by a large L5 transverse process, which supports strong muscular and ligamentous(iliolumbar) attachment. An increased lumbar lordosis increases the shear stress at the L4-5 level. Both congenital and isthmic types are often associated with spina bifida of the L5 or S1 segments. There seems to be a definite sex and racial difference, with black women (1.1%) having the lowest prevalence and white men(6.4%) the highest. The increased prevalence is in Alaskan natives and young sportsmen, ranging from 11% to 35%. Repetitive flexion, combined flexion-extension and both forcible hyperextension and rotation of the lumbar spine predispose to a pars stress fracture. Most of isthmic type develops during the first year of school, and by age 7 the prevalence is 4%. A further 1.4% of cases occur during adolescence, most between 11 and 15 years of age. In patients under 25 years of age with low back pain and isthmic spondylolisthesis, this lesion is most probably the cause of the symptoms(18.9%). In patients older than 40 years, it is seldom the only cause of low back pain (5.2%). The radicular pain is found in 14% of patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis. Degenerative spondylolisthesis results from long standing intersegmental instability. 10% of women over 60 years had a 1st or 2nd degree. It occurs 6 times more often at the L4-5 level and 5 times more often in women, mostly in those older than 40 years. The patient may have back pain (5.6%) with or without leg pain and/or may have intermittent claudication (80%). In traumatic spondylolisthesis, acute fractures of the pars interarticularis are rare and are always due to fracture of the other part of the posterior elements caused by severe trauma. In pathological spondylolisthesis, the bony strength is insuffient to resist forward motion of the proximal vertebra on the one below. In postsurgical spondylolisthesis, the most common etiology is extensive decompression with sacrifice of the facet joints.
Adolescent ; Animals ; Back Pain ; Classification* ; Decompression ; Female ; Fractures, Stress ; Humans ; Intermittent Claudication ; Leg ; Lordosis ; Low Back Pain ; Natural History* ; Population Groups ; Prevalence ; Spinal Dysraphism ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis* ; Zygapophyseal Joint