No abstract available.
Meningitis, Cryptococcal*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic*

The influences of adrenal corticosteroid on the development and regression of neurons of dentate and hippocampus were studied by adrenalectomy and steroid overload in neonatal rats. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The cell death occurred naturally in numerous dentate granule cells and hippocampal pyramidal cells. 2. The number of dentate granule cells undergoing cell death decreased by injection of adrenal corticosteroid, but increased in adrenalectomized rat brains. The changes occurred prominently at postnatal day 6. 3. The number of hippocampal pyramidal cells undergoing cell death decreased in CA3 region by injection of adrenal corticosteroid, but was not changed in adrenalectomized rat brains. However, other regions exhibited no change by adrenal corticosteroid and adrenalectomy. 4. The cell death of pyramidal cells of CA3 region occurred in close relationship with the cell death of dentate granule cells, which was different from other CA regions. In summary, the cell death of dentate and hippocampal neurons occurred naturally but seemed to be influenced by other factors as well as adrenal corticosteroid.
Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Brain ; Cell Death ; Hippocampus* ; Neurons* ; Pyramidal Cells ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Meningitis, Bacterial*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Orthopedics*

The bipolar hemiarthroplasty is one of the treatment methods of the avascular necrosis of the femoral head and the fracture of the femur neck. The mechanism of bipolar hemiarthroplasty is intended to distribute the forces at the site of the inner and outer articulation, and theoritically diminish acetabular wear and produce a painless arthroplasty. The authors analyzed motion of two components in 23 cases of the bipolar hemiarthroplasty, performed at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Hospital, between January, 1985 and January, 1993 with average 47 months follow up(range 24 to 84 months). The results obtained were as follows: 1. In the motion of the two components, inner bearing motion was average 11.5 degrees(from 1 to 29 degrees) and outer bearing motion was average 21.4 degrees(from 3 to 45 degrees). 2. The inner bearing motion was highest at 12 months with average 16 degrees and outer bearing motion was lowest during the same period with average 15 degrees. During the follow up the inner bearing motion was decreased whereas outer bearing motion was increased. 3. The inner or outer bearing motion of bipolar component was no correlation with age, sex and clinical result.
Acetabulum ; Arthroplasty ; Femur Neck ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hemiarthroplasty ; Korea ; Necrosis

Slipped femoral capital epiphysis is a rare entity in Korea and only three cases have been reported so far1,2,3). One of our cases was a unilateral mild chronic slip in a 14 year old boy with Frohlich body type. It was treated by gentle closed reduction followed by knowles' pin fixation. The other case, a 20 year old female, presented chondrolysis of the left hip. Scrutinization of roentgenograms revealed typical features of an unrecognized slipped femoral capital epiphysis. It was treated by Wagner resurfacing replacement arthroplasty.
Arthroplasty, Replacement ; Epiphyses ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Somatotypes

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of dividing the periosteum circumferentially on the growth of long bones and the effect of partial division of the periosteum on the formation of angular deformity of growing bones and to investigate the tethering effect of the periosteum on the epiphyseal plate as its possible mechanism. One hundred twenty rabbits, one-month old with average weight of 570g, were divided into four groups. In the first group, the periosteum of the right distal femur was completely divided circumfer- entially; in the control group, the medial aspect of the right distal femur was surgically approached but the periosteum was not divided, in the third group, the medial half of the peristeum of the right distal femur was divided transversely; in the fourth group, the medial half of the periosteum was divided and resutured. Following the operation, X-rays were taken every two weeks until twelfth week and then at twentieth week and the length of the femur and the physis-shaft angle were measured. l. After complete circumferential division of the periosteum, the ratios of right over left femoral length before operation, and two, four, six, eight, ten, twelve, and twenty weeks postoperatively, were 100.0±0.0%, 102.1±0.1%, 102.±0.0%, 102.9±0.0%, 103.5±0.0%, 103.6±0.0%, 103.5±0.0%, and 103.5±0.0%, respectively. The overgrowth was most conspicuous during the first two weeks. On the other hand, in the control group there was slight overgrowth, but this was not statistically significant. 2. After partial division of the periosteum, the physisvhaft angles before operation, and two, four, six, eight, ten, twelve, and twenty weeks postoperatively, were 91.0±1.2, 87.8±2.5,84.4±2.4, 83.1±3.2, 84.2±3.5, 86.4±2.3, 86.2±2.3, and 86.8±1.9, respectively. The valgus deformity was induced most conspicuously during the first four weeks, whereas partial correction of the de- formity took place between the eighth and tenth week postoperatively. After repair of the partially divided periosteum, only 0.9 of angular deformity was observed at sixth week, but this became statistically insignificant at tenth week as were in the complete division and control groups. 3. Histologically, no difference was observed in the cartiage cells of the epiphyseal plate and the bony trabeculae of the metaphysis between the control group and other groups. The divided periosteum regenerated at the ninth week, this being same also in the repaired group. There was no statistical difference in the thickness of the epiphyseal plate between the operated femur and the opposite normal femur in the completely divided group, this being same in the control group. Threr was also no statistical difference in the thickness of the epiphyseal plate between the medical and lateral halves in the partially divided group, this being same in the repaired group. Based on these results, the investigator was able to draw following conclusions. 1. In the growing long bone, complete circumferential division of the periosteum near the epiphyseal plate results in stimulation of growth and lengthening of bone. 2. Partial transverse division of the periosteum results in asymmetrical overgrowth, inducing an angular deformity. 3. It is suggested that the mechanism of overgrowth following division of the periosteum lies in the removal of the tethering effect of the periosteum. These findings may bear clinical implications on leg length inequality and angular deformities following certain fractures and epiphyseal injuries during growth period.
Bone Lengthening ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Femur ; Growth Plate ; Hand ; Humans ; Leg Length Inequality ; Periosteum ; Rabbits ; Research Personnel

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hypoxia-reoxygenation on the proliferation of fibroblast, and to elucidate the role of oxygen free radicals in this process. Malme-3 fibroblast, derived from human skin fibroblast, was used for this study. The hypoxia or reoxygenation condition was made by exposing cultured cells to the environment of 95% N2, 5% CO2 or 95% room air, 5% CO2, respectively. Cell proliferation was estimated by the cell numbed, and DNA synthesis was measured by the [3H]-thymidine uptake. Release of oxygen free radicals was measured by the means of Ohkawa's method of lipid peroxidation. The effect of oxygen free radicals was confirmed by using dimethylthiourea(DMTU) and alpha-tocopherol, two known oxygen free radical scavengers. The results are as follows: 1. The dissolved oxygen of the culture medium was 8.97+/-1.23 ppm in the normal condition. When the culture dish was exposed to the hypoxic condition for 3 or 6 hours, the dissolved oxygen of the culture medium decreased markedly to the level of 3.10+/-0.46 ppm or 2.37+/-0.47 ppm, respectively 2. The number of cultured cells increased in a hypoxia duration-dependent manner up to 6 hours when the cells were cultured for 24 hours after hypoxia. The same pattern was observed in the cells cultured for 48 hours after hypoxia. Lipid peroxidation in the culture increased after the exposure to hypoxia-reoxygenation. DMTU or alpha-tocopherol blocked the increase in lipid peroxidation induced by the exposure to hypoxia-reoxygenation. 3. [3H]-thymidine uptake of the cultured cells increased after the exposure to hypoxia-reoxygenation. 4. DMTU or alpha-tocopherol blocked the proliferation of fibroblasts induced by the exposure to hypoxia-reoxygenation. The increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was also noted after the exposure to hypoxia-reoxygenation, and this increase was blocked by DMTU or alpha-tocopherol. These results indicate that the hypoxia-reoxygenation induces the proliferation of fibroblasts, and that oxygen free radicals play an important role in this process. Moreover, oxygen free radical scavengers may be of potential therapeutic value in preventing fibrosis.
alpha-Tocopherol ; Anoxia ; Cell Line* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA ; Fibroblasts* ; Fibrosis ; Free Radical Scavengers* ; Free Radicals ; Humans* ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Oxygen* ; Skin