The lower ureter is not so frequent site of the urinary tract obstruction. In lower ureteral obstruction, the obstruction should be relieved by any method for maintaining renal parenchyme. A clinical studies were made on the 24 ureters of the lower ureteral obstruction. This studies were mainly focused on the method of management by internal stent indwelling. The following results were obtained. 1. In etiology, acquired lower ureteral strictures were most common ; tuberculosis in 10 ureters, radiation in 6 ureters, pelvic lymphadenopathy in 4 ureters, and iatrogenic stricture in 3 ureters. Congenital UVJ stricture was only one ureter. 2. In the method of management, open surgeries were done in 10 ureters and endourologic methods in 14 ureters. 3. In 5 failures of the first management, open surgeries were done in 3 ureters and endourologic methods in 2ureters. The tuberculosis was the most of their etiology. 4. Complications in internal stent indwelled cases were flank pain, severe vesical irritation, migration into the bladder and the obstruction of the lumen of stent.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Flank Pain ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Stents* ; Tuberculosis ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract

The hyperlipoproteinemias are the disturbance of lipid transport resulted from accelerated synthesis or retarded degradation of lipoproteins that transport cholesterol and trigycerides through plasma. These diseases are classified as type I, type IIa, type IIb, type III, type IV, type V, and hyper- -lipoproteinemia by lipoprotein phenotype. Type V hyperlipoproteinemia is uncommon in childhood and characterized by elevation of triglyceride levels due to increases in both VLDL and chylomicrons and lipoprotein electrophoresis shows increased pre- , , and chylomicron bands. We experienced a case of hyperlipoproteinemia type V in a 12 year old male who presented no specific signs and symptoms. So, we report a case of hyperlipoproteinemia type V with brief review of the literatures.
Child ; Cholesterol ; Chylomicrons ; Electrophoresis ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type V* ; Hyperlipoproteinemias ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Phenotype ; Plasma ; Triglycerides

We report herein two cases of nevus comedonicus. The first case was developed in the scalp, and the second case was in the right side of breast. In the first case, the lesion of the scalp was completely excised.
Breast ; Nevus* ; Scalp

In order to study the effect of spinal morphine on the tourniquet pain, 40 patients scheduled for orthopedic surgery on the lower extremity under spinal anesthesia were allocated randomly to two groups. In the experimental group, 20 patients received hyperbaric T-cain 10 mg and morphine 0.3 mg (0. 15 ml). In the control group, 20 patients received T-cain 10 mg and saline 0.15 ml. The levels of analgesia and motor block were similar in both groups. During surgery, patients in both groups did not complain of tourniquet pain, whereas one patient in the control group required general anesthesia for surgical pain although the sensory block extended to T(7). In the recovery room, when the sensory block had regressed to the Tdermatomal level, the pain response was checked on the contralateral unoperated thigh in a 60 min tourniquet pressure experiment (350 mmHg for 20 min, 0 mmHg for 20 min, 350 mmHg for 20 min). Seventeen patients in the experimental group experimenced no pain in this test, compared with four patients in the control group. From this study, it is suggested that intrathecal morphine prevents tourniquet pain and it may have some inhibitory effect on tourniquet pain transmission at the spinal cord level.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Morphine* ; Orthopedics ; Recovery Room ; Spinal Cord ; Thigh ; Tourniquets*

Many techniques have been tried to avoid the adverse effect of succinylcholine administe-red for endotracheal intubation especially wish the complication of increased IOP, hyperk-alemia, aspirationl pneumonia and post operative muscle pain, One of these is that the prior administration of a small, subparalyzing dose(15 ug/kg) of non-depolarizing muscle relaxant would shorten the onset time of an intubating dose(80 ug/kg) of muscle relaxant. Intra-venous lidocaine has bean effective in attenuating the reflex intra-ocular response to laryngoscopy Therefore, we determined the effectiveness of this drug regimen with and without intra venous lidocaine to attenuate the IOP, blood pressure and heart rate response to laryngos-copy and endotracheal intubation. Forty patients were divided intro two groups. Group l (n=20) administered saline 5 ml. Group ll(n=70) administered 2% preservative free lidocaine(1.5 mg/kg) as pretreatment drug. The results are as follows : 1) There was no statistically significant difference of intubation condition between one and another group. Among the forer patients, Grade 1,2,3,4 are 8(20%), 19(47.5%), 13(32.5%),0, in orders. 2) In the Saline Group, IOP, BP, HR increased significantly after laryngoscopy compared wiith control value. (p<0.001, P<0.05/p<0,001, p<0.005) and maintained above control values to 4~5 minutes later. 3) In the Lidocaine Group, IOP, BP, HR increased slightly after laryngoscopy compared with control value, but thege changes were not statistically significant, and decreased below control values in 2 min, 2min, 3 min after laryngoscopy each to each. From the above results, it is suggested that combined method of pretreatment of 2% lidofaine(1.5 mg/tg) and divided dose of pancuronium is valuable in general anesthesia of ophthalmic patient who need to attenuate the IOP.
Anesthesia, General ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopy ; Lidocaine ; Myalgia ; Pancuronium* ; Pneumonia ; Reflex ; Succinylcholine

Based upon the concept that carcinogenesis is associated with apoptosis, specific therapies designed to enhance the susceptibility of cancer cells to undergo apoptosis could be developed. Thus, in this paper, it was designed to investigate whether, using rat animal model with chemical-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, TGF-1 in vivo could induce apoptosis in cancer. The chemical hepatocarcinogenic procedure of Solt-Farber method was used on Sprague-Dawley rats. Experimental groups were divided into group A treated with the standard Solt-Farber regimen of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2-Acetaminofluorene (AAF), group B TGF-, group C TGF-1, and group D adriamycin after hepatocellular carcinoma developed. For detection of apoptotic cells, apoptotic indices were examined by the in situ end DNA labelling method. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was examined by immunohistochemical staining. Apoptosis of rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells increased significantly to 4.92+/-2.32/HPF in the group C compared with the control group (A) (2.54+/-1.13/HPF; P<0.05). Two distinctly different populations of proliferating hepatocellular carcinoma cells were identified. The cells at G1/S boundary (weak granular staining) increased to 15.75+/-6.19/HPF and 6.45+/-2.93/HPF in the groups C and D, respectively, but decreased to 2.42+/-2.06/HPF in the group B compared with the control group (A) (6.38+/-2.18/HPF; p<0.05). The cells at S phase (strong granular staining) increased to 3.37+/-2.69/HPF in the group B but decreased to 0.32+/-0.47/HPF in the group D (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate that the TGF-1 may be used as an effective anticancer agent.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Diethylnitrosamine ; DNA ; Doxorubicin ; Models, Animal ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; S Phase ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1* ; Transforming Growth Factors*

As extensive as the concept of and the resources required for ‘Health for Korean Unification’ are, and due to the limited access to information on the state of health and medical care in North Korea, discussion on ‘Health for Korean Unification’ has tended to be intermittent and lacked concrete action plans. In this article, we specifically distinguished areas of cooperation and selected five executable agenda that meet the goals of international development cooperation: 1) Health security; 2) Easing the burden of major diseases; 3) Resilient healthcare system; 4) R&D cooperation; 5) Sustainable cooperation system. Then we provided corresponding strategic priorities and operative directions, in consideration of future military and political sanctions against North Korea. The strategies we outline are sustainable, preemptive for problems that might affect lives of South and North Korean citizens, and satisfy the unmet needs of the North Korean health system. Throughout the process, we utilized a special platform, the ‘Korean Peninsula Healthcare Cooperation Platform,’ designed to enable continual communication across sectors engaged in public health and medical care. By doing so, we take the first step to actually carry out the 'Health for Korean Unification,’ which tended to have remained on the discussion agenda.

Ibandronate (a bisphosphonate) is commonly used as an treatment of osteoporosis in combination with vitamin D. Monthly DP-R206-a novel, fixed-dose combination tablet (150 mg ibandronate/24,000 IU vitamin D3)-was recently developed to enhance patient compliance. This open, randomized, two-period crossover study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics of ibandronate when administered as DP-R206 or 150 mg ibandronate to healthy adult volunteers. Each volunteer was randomly allocated to receive single-dose DP-R206 or ibandronate with a 28-day washout period between treatments. Blood samples were assessed using pharmacokinetic analysis. Plasma ibandronate concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Safety and tolerability assessments were performed throughout the study. In total, 103 participants received the study drugs and 72 participants completed the study. The geometric mean ratios (DP-R206/ibandronate) of the maximum concentration (C(max)) and the area under the plasma concentration time curve from time zero to the last concentration (AUC(last)) values were 0.959 (90% CI: 0.820-1.120) and 0.924 (90% CI: 0.805-1.060), respectively. The frequencies of adverse events (AEs) and drug reactions were similar between treatment groups, and all AEs were recovered without sequalae. Ibandronate pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and safety are comparable when administered to healthy individuals, regardless if administered as DP-R206 or ibandronate.
Adult* ; Cross-Over Studies ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Osteoporosis ; Patient Compliance ; Pharmacokinetics ; Plasma ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins* ; Volunteers

Graves disease is the most common clinical feature of hyperthyroidism in childhood. Clinical manifestations include emotional lability, hyperactivity, tremor, excessive sweating, exophthalmos and weight loss. In Graves disease, osteoporosis could occur because of a disturbance of mineral homeostasis which rarely develops from reduced calcium absorption of the gastrointestinal tract and increased urinary calcium excretion related to an increased bone resorption. We report a case of Graves disease with spinal deformity caused by osteoporosis in a 12-year-old female who was presented with back pain, anterior neck mass and kyphosis. Laboratory findings revealed hyperthyroidsm, hypercalciuria in 24-hour urine and normal serum parathyroid hormone. On radiologic examination, multiple osteoporosis and a spinal compression fracture were observed. The bone mineral density was decreased at the hip and lumbar spine on the bone densitometry. After initiating antithyroid drug, calcitonin and vitamin D, she returned to a euthyroid state and her back pain was improved. Bone density was also increased one year later.
Absorption ; Back Pain ; Bone Density ; Bone Resorption ; Calcitonin ; Calcium ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Densitometry ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Graves Disease* ; Hip ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria ; Hyperthyroidism ; Kyphosis* ; Neck ; Osteoporosis* ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Spine ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Tremor ; Vitamin D ; Weight Loss

The pattern of periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWC) was widely accepted as the most characteristic electroencepalographic(EEG) abnormality in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) although it may be lacking in prodromal and terminal stages. The EEG abnormalities are often asymmetric. We compared PSWC with 18F-FDG PET and brain MRI finding to know the signifcance of PSWC. All the patients had typical clinical courses and symptoms of CJD. Three patients were pathologically verified. Three patients were in full stage and two in terminal stage of CJD. We analysed PSWC in digital EEG and compared the regions of maximal PSWC amplitudes with 18F-FDG PET and brain-MRI finding in regard to lateralization and localization. Regarding lateralization, the maximal amplitudes of PSWC were observed over left frontal area in two patients and over right frontal region in three. Three patients in full stage had PET hypometabolism in the same hemisphere as PSWC were lateralized. Their brain MRI showed abnormal basal ganglia intensities but no sever brain atrophy. Two patients in terminal stage had PSWC lateralized in right frontal region but in PET one had left frontoparietal and the other bilateral global hypometabolism. Their brain-MRI showed severe cortical atrophy in the same hemisphere as PET hypometabolism was observed. Regarding all patients in full or terminal stage had maximal PSWC in frontal region, which were not consistent with PET and MRI findings. Cortical lesions in MRI were well corresponding with PET hypometabolism but not with PSWC. These results suggest that PSWC could reflect the hemisphere with more CJD activities in full stage, but could not localize the region where PET and MRI showed abnormalities, suggesting that the generation of PSWC could be related with the involvement of subcortical structures in CJD.
Atrophy ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome* ; Electroencephalography ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging