No abstract available.
Priapism* ; Ureter*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the significance of color Doppler ultrasonography in patients of chronic prostatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed the pattern of color Doppler images and quantitative changes of vascular flow and flow velocity parameters(FVP) using a 7.0 MHz transrectal probe with findings of expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) from 22 patients with clinically suspected chronic prostatitis and 12 controls with clinically suspected prostatodynia retrospectively. RESULTS: Compared with 2 groups according to color Doppler flow grade, higher grades(grade 2 or 3) of flow increase were more frequently seen in prostatitis group(54.5%) than in control group(33.3%)(p <0.05). But no significant difference was found in flow velocity parameter(FVP: maximal flow velocity, minimal flow velocity, resistive index, and pulsatility index) between control and prostatitis group. Two months later follow up ultrasonography of 5 cases in the prostatitis group after treatment, all of 5 cases showed decrease the color Doppler flow compared with the initial color Doppler image grade. CONCLUSIONS: Grading of the amount of color flow with Doppler ultrasonography is of limited significance at efficacy decision after treatment in chronic prostatitis. But precaution should be taken to use color Doppler ultrasonography as objective diagnostic tool, although higher grades of flow increase were more frequently seen in prostatitis group than control group.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Prostatitis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color*

No abstract available.
Cystitis* ; Pyelonephritis*

PURPOSE: Prevalence estimates and management methods for urinary incontinence among elderly patients aged 65 and over at sanatoriums in Busan area were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 834 institutionalized patients was randomly selected from 13 sanatoriums with 100 and more beds in Busan. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews using Appendix about general status, obstetric history, incontinence, and management method for incontinence. The survey was conducted from February to September 2008. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of urinary incontinence in all of 834 respondents was found to be 48.1%: prevalences of stress incontinence, urge incontinence, mixed incontinence, and functional incontinence were 25.7%, 6.5%, 8.0% and 59.9%, respectively. Among the patients with urinary incontinence symptoms, 28.6% had associated-dermatologic problems. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated prevalence of incontinence for elderly patients aged 65 and more cared at Sanatoriums in Busan area was 48.1%. However, systemic approaches in the management of urinary incontinence in such patients were lacking. Further efforts should be made for proper management of urinary incontinence among elderly patients cared at Sanatorium.
Aged ; Appendix ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; Patient Care Management ; Prevalence ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urinary Incontinence, Urge

PURPOSE: Laparoscopy is a standard treatment for many diseases. We developed a laparoscopy training protocol that provides a learning experience equivalent to that of an animal laboratory based laparoscopic training course. We proved that the rabbit can be used as an appropriate model for a laparoscopy training program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three operators undertook laparoscopic procedures on 15 rabbits using our developed protocol. We checked both objective and subjective parameters, such as operation times and complications for the former, and hand-eye coordination, tactile sensation, tool handling and total skill difficulty for the later, using visual analogue scores. RESULTS: For the first 5 rabbits, the mean operative times (min.) for the 3 operators were 41, 48 and 46.2 for a simple nephrectomy (SN), 62, 68.2 and 66.2 for a partial nephrectomy (PN), 28.8, 36 and 31.8 for an adrenalectomy (Ax) and 65.4, 69 and 60.6 for a simple cystectomy (SC). For the second 5 rabbits the mean operative times (min.) were; SN 32.2, 46.2 and 40.2, PN 57.8, 66.2 and 61.8, Ax 22.8, 32.6 and 32 and SC 65.4, 64.2 and 57.4. For all 15 rabbits the mean operative times (min.) were; SN 20.6, 35.4 and 30, PN 48.6, 54.6 and 53.4, Ax 15.8, 26.2 and 26.2 and CS 48.2, 53.6 and 47.6. CONCLUSIONS: Our laparoscopic training model, using a small animal, provides practicing urologist with the concepts of laparoscopy concept. The rabbit model is appropriate for addressing laparoscopic procedures, with economic benefits. Based on this model, it would be possible for residents to familiarize themselves with laparoscopic procedures.
Adrenalectomy ; Animals* ; Cystectomy ; Education ; Laparoscopy ; Learning ; Models, Animal* ; Nephrectomy ; Operative Time ; Rabbits ; Sensation ; Urology*

PURPOSE: Infrared thermography is a diagnostic procedure that can objectively visualizes the status of muscle, in musculoskeletal disease, as myofascial pain syndrome. Thus, we evaluated the clinical significance of infrared thermography in patients with chronic pelvic pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five patients with chronic pelvic pain were enrolled in this study as patient group, with thirty-three normal persons as the control group. The patients with a urinary tract infection and an organic disease were excluded. Before the thermography was checked, we made all patients mark the subject pain site, and inform of the pain severity, on the visual analogue scale (VAS) sheet. We analyzed hot spots on the thermographic images, pain sites and VAS sheets, and the thermographic changes, before and after a 2% lidocaine injection at the tender point, on the physical examination. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity and the false positive and negative of infrared thermography were 79.5 (M:F=76.5:81.8), 64.1 (M:F=66.7:61.9), 24.2 (M:F=25.0:23.5) and 32.6% (M:F=31.6:30.8), respectively. However there was no clinical significance between the pain severity and the temperature difference of the thermography. The concordance rate of thermographic and symptomatic changes, after the 2% lidocaine injection at the tender point, was 78.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Infrared thermography can objectively demonstrate the subjective pain, and is a useful method in follow-up, after treatment for chronic pelvic pain with a tender point.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Myofascial Pain Syndromes ; Pelvic Pain* ; Physical Examination ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thermography* ; Urinary Tract Infections

PUROPOSE: It is known that anticholinergics induces cognitive dysfunction and may aggravate the state of it. Tolterodine tartrate (detrusitol(R)) is a widely known selective anticholinergics to bladder, which does not cause a cognitive dysfunction. This study was designed to analyze the change of cognitive function of brain disease patients, whom are taking anticholinesterase inhibitor with tolterodine for overactive bladder (OAB). MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 2001 to December 2004, with the patients whom have been followed for the brain disease in the department of neurology, we have analyzed 79 patients with tolterodine administered for OAB. We used K-MMSE (Korea minimental status examination) and SNSB (seoul neuropsychological screening battery) to analyze the state of cognition. Mean age of patients was 67.3+/-4.5 (yrs), mean administration period was 4.7+/-9.5 (mon). RESULTS: 7 patients made complaints for the decline of memory, 2 of them with Parkinsonism and 2 with cerebral infarction, 1 with progressive supranuclear palsy and, 2 dementia with lewy body (DLB). Patients with DLB was excluded in this study because the disease had fluctuation of cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: The result of these studies demonstrates tolterodine tartrate caused the decline of cognitive function in only a few patients with brain disease. We concluded that prospective studies are needed to change the cognitive functions of the brain disease patients with OAB after administration of tolterodine tartrate.
Brain Diseases* ; Cerebral Infarction ; Cholinergic Antagonists ; Cognition ; Dementia ; Humans ; Lewy Bodies ; Mass Screening ; Memory ; Neurology ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive* ; Tolterodine Tartrate

PURPOSE: The outcome of a tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty for hypospadias was reviewed retrospectively, and compared with other procedures with respected to the success rate, complications and satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April, 1994 and July, 2001, 51 patients underwent a repair for hypospadias, by the same operator, using a transverse preputial island flap (TPIF; 7), an onlay island flap (OIF; 3), Mathieu (7) and tubularized incised plate (34) procedures. The operation time, period of catheterization, postoperative hospital days and complication rates for each procedure were also compared. RESULTS: The mean operation time in the TIP group was 140 minutes, compared to 230 220 and 160 minutes in the TPIF, OIF and Mathieu groups, respectively. The mean admission periods in the TPIF, OIF, Mathieu and TIP group, were 14, 17, 11 and 10 days, respectively. The mean operation time and admission period was shorter in the TIP group than those of the other procedures. The incidence rate of an urethrocutaneous fistula was lower in the TIP group (23%: 8/34) than in the TPIF (43%: 3/7), OIF (66%: 2/3) and Mathieu groups (57%: 4/7). Postoperative satisfaction for the penis and meatus shapes was highest in the TIP group. CONCLUSIONS: The TIP urethroplasty had better outcomes than the TPIF, OIF and Mathieu procedures with regard to the operation time, catheterization period, admission period and complication rates following the operations. TIP urethroplasty is thought to be the most economic method for the repair of hypospadias, and can be recommended as the first choice for its repair.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Female ; Fistula ; Humans ; Hypospadias* ; Incidence ; Inlays ; Male ; Penis ; Retrospective Studies ; Urethra

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) by age and current condition as a first-line treatment for pediatric and adolescent urolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The computerized records of 55 children were retrospectively reviewed from March 1991 to July 2007. The children were below 18 years of age and had undergone ESWL monotherapy for urolithiasis. There were 36 boys (65.5%) and 19 girls (34.5%), with a mean age of 8.5 years (range, 0.5-18 years). There were 24 patients aged 7 years or less and 31 patients aged more than 7 years. RESULTS: The mean size of the stones was 9.48 mm (range, 4-22 mm). The overall success rate of ESWL was 90.9% (50 children). The mean number of ESWL sessions was 2.02 (range, 1-10). The mean number of ESWL sessions for the patient group aged 7 years or less was 1.16 (range, 1-2) and that for the patient group aged more than 7 years was 2.97 (range, 1-10; p=0.037). There was also a statistically significant difference in the mean number of ESWL sessions between the younger and older patients who needed general anesthesia (1.16 vs. 2.2 sessions, respectively; 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: In the patient group aged 7 years or less, the number of ESWL sessions and the complication rate were comparable with those for endoscopic management. Thus, ESWL is an effective first-line treatment modality for patients aged less than 7 years.
Adolescent* ; Anesthesia, General ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lithotripsy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock* ; Urolithiasis*

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: A difficulty in achieving a passive-fitting prosthesis can be overcome by individual crown restoation of multiple implants. But individualized crown has another difficulty in control of contact tightness and stress distribution. PURPOSE: This in vitro study is to evaluate the stress distribution and the magnitude in the supporting tissues around Endopore implants with different crown lengths, interproximal contact tightness, and the splinting effects. MATERIAL & METHODS: Three Endopore implants(4.1*9 mm) were placed in the mandibular posterior edentulous area distal to the canine and photoelastic model was made with PL-2 resin(Measurements Group, Raleigh, USA). Restorations were fabricated in two crown lengths: 9, 13 mm. For non-splinted restorations, individual crowns were fabricated on three custom-milled titanium abutments. After the units were cemented, 4 levels of interproximal contact tightness were evaluated: open, ideal(8 micrometershim stock drags without tearing), medium(40 micrometer), and heavy(80 micrometer). For splinted restorations, 3-unit fixed partial dentures were fabricated. This study was examined under simulated non-loaded and loaded conditions(6.8 kg). Photoelastic stress analysis was carried out to measure the fringe order around the implant supporting structure. RESULTS: 1. When restorations were not splinted, the more interproximal contact tightness was increased among the three implants, the more stress was shown in the cervical region of each implant. When crown length was increased, stresses tended to increase in the apex of implants but there were little differences in stress fringes. 2. When nonsplinted restorations were loaded on the first or third implant, stresses were increased in the apex and cervical region of loaded implant. Regardless of interproximal contact tightness level, stresses were not distributed among the three implants. But with tighter interproximal contact, stresses were increased in the cervical region of loaded first or third implant. 3. When the nonsplinted restorations were not loaded, there were little stresses on the supporting structure of implants, but low level stresses were shown in the splinted restorations even after sectioning and soldering. 4. With splinted restorations, there were little differences in stresses between different crown lengths. When splinted restorations were loaded, stresses were increased slightly on the loaded implant, but relatively even stress distribution occurred among the three implants. CONCLUSIONS: Splinting the crowns of adjacent implants is recommended for Endopore implants under the overloading situation.
Crowns* ; Denture, Partial, Fixed* ; Prostheses and Implants ; Splints* ; Titanium