The injuries to the ankle joint complex can cause not only bony fractures but also assoicated ligamentrupture. Understanding of the mechanism of those injuries is important for the radiologist to give moreinformation to the orthopedist to identify ligament injuries and then to fix the fractures. In 1948, Lauge-Hansendevised a classification of ankle fractures based on the position of the foot and direction of injuring force atthe time of injury. On the vasis of location and appearance of the fibular fracture, 4 type of injuries areidentified; pronation-abduction (PA), prnation-external rotation (PER), supination-adduction (SA), andsupination-external rotation (SER). 60 cases of ankle fracures treated at Kyung Pook, National University Hospitalfrom Jan, 1973 to Dec. 1982 were analized and classified. The results are as follows; 1. Male was more frequetnlyaffected than female and the sex ratio was 4:1. 2. The most commonly affected age group was 20's. 3. Right sidewas more frequetnly affected than left. 4. Among 4 types, the most common was SER type (33.3%) and next were PER(30.3%), SA(16.7%), and PA(13.3%) types.
Ankle Fractures ; Ankle Joint ; Ankle ; Classification ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Male ; Sex Ratio

Achilles tendon is the most powerful tendon of the body and increases efficiency in weight bearing and walking capability. Since pares' report about the rupture of the Achilles tendon many authors have reported various causes, diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Most of the authors emphasized the early diagnosis and treatment resulted in good prognosis. There are many methods for the diagnosis of the Achilles tendon, roentgeography, angiography, electromyography, histologic examination and Thompsons test. The causes of the rupture of the Achilles tendon are direct and indirect injury. The two methods of treatment are conservative management and surgical treatment. Whether the cause of the injury is direct or indirect, restoration of function after treatment must be emphasized and the proper method of treatment must be determined by the degree of injury. Clinical analysis was done on 15 cases of Achilles tendon rupture treated at Orthopedic Department of Capital Armed Forces General Hospital from Oct. 1973 to Oct. 1978 with the following results. 1. In sex distribution, there were 13 male cases and 2 female cases and the age range of 20 to 30 years old was the most frequent (67%). 2. There was no difference In frequency between the right and the left side. 3. Achilles tendon rupture was two times more frequent in indirect cause than direct cause, especially after falling from heights and exercises. 4. The most frequent site of rupture was 2–5 Cm. above the insertion of the tendon (80%). 5. By means of a cost immobilization, good result was obtained in fresh partial rupture of the tendon. 6. Good results were obtained by end-to-end suture in fresh cases and reconstructive surgery in old cases. 7. Most of the patients returned to their jobs about 6 months after the operation.
Accidental Falls ; Achilles Tendon ; Angiography ; Arm ; Clinical Study ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Electromyography ; Exercise ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Male ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Prognosis ; Rupture ; Sex Distribution ; Sutures ; Tendons ; Walking ; Weight-Bearing

Osteoarthritic changes in experimental animals has been induced by several different methods. In order to study the changes of the articular cartilage induced by injuries of ligaments and/or meniscus of the knee joints, the author performed the experimental study that section of the medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments (group I) and section of the medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments combined with excision of the medial meniscus (group II) in twenty adult rabbit's knees caused instability. Histological changes of the articular cartilage were observed up to four months. The results were as follows: 1. The changes of the articular cartilage were gradually advanced depend on the time lapse after experimental procedures, in group I and ll. 2. The changes of the articular cartilage could be noticed from eighth week after experimental procedures in group I and from fourth week in group II, and more severe at sixteenth in group I and at twelfth week in group II. 3. The changes of the articular cartilage in group ll were appeared earlier and more severe than in group l. 4. The changes of the articular cartilage in the medial side of the knee joint were noticed more severe than in the lateral side.
Adult ; Animals ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Cartilage, Articular ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Menisci, Tibial ; Rabbits

No abstract available.
Intussusception*

Despite its fall in incidence, gastric adenocarcinoma remains a common disease with dismal prognosis worldwide. A better understanding of its tumorigenesis and biologic properties of tumor cells related to invasion and metastasis is crucial to improving diagnosis and treatment. Conflicting results concerning the relationships between overexpression of PAI-1, c-erbB2, and p53 protein and biologic behavior of gastric carcinoma have been noted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of overexpression of PAI-1, c-erbB2, and p53 protein as prognostic factors in gastric adenocarcinoma. Overexpression of PAI-1, c-erbB2, and p53 protein by immunohistochemistry was correlated with variable clinicopathological parameters and patients' survival in 80 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma. Overall PAI-1 expression rate was 63.7% (51/80) and higher in advanced cancer (p=0.0003) and nodal metastasis (p=0.003) groups. Overall c-erbB2 expression rate was 43.8% (35/80) and higher in antral (p=0.03), differentiated (p=0.001), intestinal (p=0.0007), and expanding (0.03) groups. The p53 protein overexpression was 37.5% (30/80) and higher in early cancer (p=0.02), differentiated (p=0.006) and intestinal groups (p=0.009). Patients with PAI-1, c-erbB2, and p53 protein positive tumors tended to have poorer survival rates than patients with PAI-1, c-erbB2, and p53 protein negative tumors, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.25, 0.37, 0.52). Our data indicated that PAI-1 overexpression is one of the poor prognostic factors in gastric adenocarcinoma and c-erbB2 and p53 protein seem to be involved in the early stage of carcinogenesis of intestinal type-gastric adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Carcinogenesis ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; Plasminogen Activators* ; Plasminogen* ; Prognosis* ; Staphylococcal Protein A ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate

The authors reviewed 104 cases(51 men and 53 women) of the orbital tumors diagnosed hitopathologically at the Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University Hospital from March 1984 to April 1996. Age istribution of the orbital tumors was reviewed. Eighty-four cases of benign tumors were found evenly distributed in all decades, but twenty cases of malignant tumors were mainly distributed in 1st, 6th, and 7th decades. The frequency of benign orbital tumors was in the following order; dermolipoma(19%, 20 cases), dermoid cyst(13.5%, 14 cases), mucocele(7.7%, 8 cases), lipoma(6.7%, 7 cases) and pleomorphic adenoma (5.8%, 6 cases). Of malignant orbital tumors, the frequency was in the following order; retinoblastoma (3 cases), malignant melanoma (2 cases), sebaceous carcinoma(2 cases), and maxillary sinus carcinoma (2 cases). Malignant orbital tumors of eight expired cases were revealed as secondary or metastatic orbital tumors.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Classification* ; Dermoid Cyst ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; Melanoma ; Ophthalmology ; Orbit* ; Retinoblastoma

Progressive renal fibrosis is considered to be the final common pathway leading to chronic renal insufficiency, however, the mechanism regarding renal fibrosis in renal injury is not well understood. Recently, several kinds of cytokines have been known to be related to fibrosis after renal injury. The interaction between elements regulating fibrogenesis would be better understood by looking at the effect of TGF-beta1 on the synthesis and accumulation of extracellular matrix, especially collagenous proteins. Crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) was induced in New Zealand White rabbits by administration of guinea pig anti-GBM IgG after sensitization with guinea pig IgG; and their kidneys were analyzed for the development of crescents and fibrosis through sequential renal biopsies. Serum creatinine levels in a time course progressively increased until day 15. We semi-quantitatively assayed the levels of the expression of alpha1(I) collagen mRNA and TGF-beta1 mRNA factored for GAPDH mRNA using RT-PCR. We observed a progressive interstitial fibrosis and the expression of collagen I both in the cortex and medulla. The effect of repeated renal biopsy itself on pathology and on the expression of alpha1(I) collagen mRNA and TGF-beta1 mRNA in a time course were not significant, but a very mild increase of the expression of alpha1(I) collagen mRNA was noted at day 15. Histology showed a progressive crescent formation and interstitial fibrosis in a time course that roughly paralleled the expression of alpha1(I) collagen mRNA in both cortex and medulla. TGF-beta1 mRNA was hardly expressed at day 0 in cortex as well as in medulla. It was elevated from day 1, peaked at day 7, and then decreased. In medulla, TGF-beta1 mRNA was noticeably expressed at day 1, peaked at day 4, and then decreased. The expression of alpha1(I) collagen mRNA was seen even before inducing CGN. It was gradually and continuously increased until day 15 both in cortex and medulla. These results suggest that the expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA precedes that of alpha1(I) collagen mRNA in the early stage of CGN and has a central role for provoking the accumulation the collagen I, the most representative interstitial extracellular matrix, in the rabbit model CGN induced by anti-GBM antibody. We conclude that the measurement of the expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA and/or alpha1(I) collagen mRNA in a biopsy sample can be a useful predictor for renal outcome.
Animals ; Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease ; Biopsy ; Collagen ; Creatinine ; Cytokines ; Extracellular Matrix* ; Fibrosis ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Guinea Pigs ; Immunoglobulin G ; Kidney ; Pathology ; Rabbits ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; RNA, Messenger* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

BACKGROUND: The Cobas(R) Integra is a new automated chemistry analyzer with continuous and random-access features for routine chemistries, specific proteins, electrolytes, therapeutic drugs and drugs of abuse. The system maintains 68 test-specific reagent cassettes on board and have test principles of absorbance photometry, immunoturbidometry, fluorescence polarization and ISE measurements. We evaluated the usefulness of Cobas(R) Integra in the aspect of accuracy, precision, linearity, comparison study, test speed and general performance. METHODS: We evaluated the analytical performance of the Cobas(R) Integra for T. bilirubin, CRP, BUN, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, valproic acid, phenytoin and carbamazepine according to NCCLS guidelines (EP5-T2, EP6-P, EP9-T and GP10-T). RESULTS: In accuracy study, error ranges(%) of most test items, except sodium and chloride, were within analytic goals. In within-run and between-run precision study, Coefficient of variation (CV, %) of most items, except sodium, were lower than limits suggested by College of American Pathologists Survey 1991. The linearities were maintained well in the range of medically significant levels and were statistically acceptable (p<0.001). The comparison study for most items, except sodium and chloride, indicated good correlation with Hitachi 747 and TDx FLx(TM) and correlation coefficients (r) were above 0.98. Throughput was about 450 tests/hr. CONCLUSIONS: Cobas(R) Integra showed satisfactory accuracy, precision, linearity, good correlation with other analyzers and high throughput. So, we concluded that Cobas(R) integra is highly suitable for not only routine use but also emergency tests in medium to large-sized hospitals because of its high productivity and reliability.
Bilirubin ; Carbamazepine ; Chemistry* ; Creatinine ; Efficiency ; Electrolytes ; Emergencies ; Fluorescence Polarization ; Phenytoin ; Photometry ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Street Drugs ; Valproic Acid

BACKGROUND: The Cobas(R) Integra is a new automated chemistry analyzer with continuous and random-access features for routine chemistries, specific proteins, electrolytes, therapeutic drugs and drugs of abuse. The system maintains 68 test-specific reagent cassettes on board and have test principles of absorbance photometry, immunoturbidometry, fluorescence polarization and ISE measurements. We evaluated the usefulness of Cobas(R) Integra in the aspect of accuracy, precision, linearity, comparison study, test speed and general performance. METHODS: We evaluated the analytical performance of the Cobas(R) Integra for T. bilirubin, CRP, BUN, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, valproic acid, phenytoin and carbamazepine according to NCCLS guidelines (EP5-T2, EP6-P, EP9-T and GP10-T). RESULTS: In accuracy study, error ranges(%) of most test items, except sodium and chloride, were within analytic goals. In within-run and between-run precision study, Coefficient of variation (CV, %) of most items, except sodium, were lower than limits suggested by College of American Pathologists Survey 1991. The linearities were maintained well in the range of medically significant levels and were statistically acceptable (p<0.001). The comparison study for most items, except sodium and chloride, indicated good correlation with Hitachi 747 and TDx FLx(TM) and correlation coefficients (r) were above 0.98. Throughput was about 450 tests/hr. CONCLUSIONS: Cobas(R) Integra showed satisfactory accuracy, precision, linearity, good correlation with other analyzers and high throughput. So, we concluded that Cobas(R) integra is highly suitable for not only routine use but also emergency tests in medium to large-sized hospitals because of its high productivity and reliability.
Bilirubin ; Carbamazepine ; Chemistry* ; Creatinine ; Efficiency ; Electrolytes ; Emergencies ; Fluorescence Polarization ; Phenytoin ; Photometry ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Street Drugs ; Valproic Acid

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the rehabilitation nursing services what nurses recognize to be important and what they do in practice of the industrial workers. METHOD: The subjects were 150 nurses who were working at the industrial hospital. The questionnaire was made up with 43 items about the perception on importance and performance of rehabilitation services. RESULT: The highest services in the perception on importance and performance subscale were physical and therapeutic services. The highest difference between perception on importance and performance was the social and occupational services. The perception on importance of rehabilitation services had positive correlation with performance. The group take care of general patients had a higher level of perception on importance than the other group, and level of performance had significant difference with age and position. CONCLUSION: We need to develop the strategy for promoting the performance of services that recognize it will be important services, but not to do. Further study on system for promoting the nurse practitioner who responsible for rehabilitation nursing.
Humans ; Nurse Practitioners ; Occupational Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation Nursing