Senile sebaceous hyperplasia refers to a benign enlargement of a normal sebaceous unit which is not uncommon in the old age group, and is characterized clinically by single or multiple small cream to yellowish round papules developed on the face, chiefly on the forehead and cheeks. A case of florid senile sebaceous hyperplasia developed in a 81-year-old man was presented. Because this disorder is one of the geriatric dermatoses and the average life span of our people is remarkably lengthened in recent years, we believe dermatologists should pay more attention to this kind of dermatosis.
Male ; Humans

Nickel sensitivity is the most common cause of allergic metal dermatitides,, particularly in women. Women are uaually sensitized. by the objects wom close to the skin ('e.g. earring, necklace fasther, watch, suspenders, brassiere clips, etc.), and men are by occupational exposures (e.g. plating or printing industries, tools, etc.). Nickel dermatitis is frequently developed on the sites where seems to have been directly contact witb nickel substance, but secondary eruptions may develop on the areas where seems to have not been directly exposed to nickel, so that nickel dermatitie is sometimea misdiagnosed as atopic dermatitis, nummular eczema, stasis dermatitis, or other dermatitides. The authora prcsent two cases of nickel dermatitis confirmed by patch test with 2. 5% nickel sulfafte; first case-a 22 years old female who has erythemat,ous maculopapular patches on her ears, around neck, left wriat, elbows, and abdomen; second case tkat was previously misdiagnosed as mummular eczema-a 18 years old female who has large oozing and crusted patches on both lateral aspects of her right thigh and back, The authors reviewed the incidence of nickel sensitivity during past years in korea and the clinical aspect of distribution of nickel dermatitis.
Abdomen ; Adolescent ; Dermatitis* ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Ear ; Eczema ; Elbow ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Neck ; Nickel* ; Occupational Exposure ; Patch Tests ; Skin ; Thigh ; Young Adult

The authors reviewed 3145 pediatric patients who visited the emergecy room in this hospital during 3yrs period from Jan. 1989 to Dec. 1991. 1) Among the patients visiting the emergency room, the patients under 15 years of age were 26.4% (3145) of total emergency patients (11930). 2) yearly distribution of patients were decreased 17% between 1989 and 1991. 3) Monthly distribution of visits showed higher incidence in June and July. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. 4) Weekly distribution of visits showed higher incidence on Sunday and Saturday, relatively. 5) Most popular time of visiting the emergency room was between 8:00 PM to 12:00 PM during which time 29.5% of all pediatric patient were seen. 6) Distribution of age showed peak incidence between 6 and 12 years of age (30.9%). 7) 65.18% of total emergency room isits were pediatric patients. 8) Distribution of cases was as follows: Respiratory disease 37%, accident, GI disease in turn listed respectively in ecreasing order of freqency. 9) The admission rate through emergency was 8.5% of total pediatric emergency patients. 10) 82.3% of total emergency visits had medical insurance coverage, 7% had no insurance and 10.7% were on medical aid program.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Insurance ; Insurance Coverage ; Male

The authors performed a retrospective review on 27 eyes of 23 children with vitreous hemorrhage, to assess the natural history, the outcome of vitrectomy and the important prognostic factors. Mean age was 3. 7 years(range: birth~13.5 years). The causes of vitreous hemorrhage included trauma(6 patients), retinopathy of prematurity(5 patients), persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous(4 patients)and others(8 patients). Spontaneous absorption of vitreous hemorrhage in 11 of 27 eyes was observed and took mean 2. 5 months. Sixteen eyes had undergone vitrectomy for persistent vitreous hemorrhage(mean duration: 3. 4 months). Follow up period was mean 32. 8 months(range: 20~79 months). Visual improvement was achieved in 70%of all patients and there was no statistical significance between spontaneous absorption group and vitrectomy group. Deprivation amblyopia was complicated in 7 of 9 patients whose visual acuity could be measured in both eyes. anisometropic myopia(> OR =2. 0 diopter)was observed in 7 of 14 patients. Our results supported that causes of vitreous hemorrhage in children was variable and early vitrectomy and postoperative correction with occlusion therapy might be essential in treatment of childhood vitreous hemorrhage.
Absorption ; Amblyopia ; Child* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Natural History ; Prognosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the findings and the role of CT in plexiform neuro-fibromatosis of the mediastinum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retropectively reviewed the CT scans of five patients with plexiform neurofibromatosis of the mediastinum. The CT scans were reviewed with attention to the distribution of the lesions, appearance and attenuation of mediastinal lesions, enhancement pattern after intravenous contrast infusion and associated findingssuch as intercostal neurofibroma. RESULTS: In all five patients CT scans demonstrated fusiform low attenuated masses which were oriented longitudinally and extended over multiple contiguous scans along the distribution of major mediastinal nerves. In four patients, mediastinal lesions appeared infiltrative, obliterating adjacent mediastinal fat plane. One patient had well defined fusiform masses along the major mediastinal nerves. Postcontrast enhanced CT scans revealed slight central enhancement in two patient and no contrast enhancement in three patients. Associated findings such as neurofibromas of intercostal nerves and sympathetic trunk, or subcutaneous neurofibromas were detected on CTscans in all five patients. CONCLUSION: Characteristic CT findings of low attenuation masses along the major mediastinal nerves are helpful to differentiate plexiform neurofibromatosis from mediastinal lymphadenopathy and to prevent from misreading as a malignant disease.
Humans ; Intercostal Nerves ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Mediastinum* ; Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical outcomes of scleral buckle encircling surgery for the retinal detachment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: The medical records of the patients who had undergone primary scleral buckle encircling for the retinal detachment of ROP (4A, 4B, 5) between January 1989 and March 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 59 patients (M:F ratio= 32:27, 83 eyes), the mean gestational age, birth weight, and follow-up period were 29.2 weeks, 1244gm, and 52.8 months respectively. Just before scleral buckle encircling surgery there were 48 eyes of stage 4A, 19 of stage 4B, and 16 of stage 5. Attachment of posterior pole retina was achieved in 66.7%, 63.2%, and 25% of eyes, respectively. Final best corrected visual acuity in eyes with attached posterior pole retina was generally poor, and the rate of vision over 20/1000 was 30.3% (10/33) in the verbal group and the rate of vision with moderate fix and follow was 75% (9/12) in the nonverbal group. The mean induced anisometropia after scleral buckle encircling surgery was -12.1 D. The mean reduced myopia after removal of scleral buckling material was 3.4 D. CONCLUSIONS: An anatomic success after scleral buckle encircling surgery in infant with retinal detachment of ROP was fairly achieved, but the final results depended on the extent of retinal detachment. Although the retina was attached after surgery, a severe degree of myopia developed and resulted in low vision. Therefore once retinal detachment develops in infants with ROP, early surgery is required. Furthermore, to maximize the vision, efforts for correcting refractive errors should be made intensively.
Anisometropia ; Birth Weight ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Medical Records ; Myopia ; Refractive Errors ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retinopathy of Prematurity* ; Retrospective Studies ; Scleral Buckling ; Vision, Low ; Visual Acuity

Background: Treatment remains a challenge in massive and irreparable rotator cuff tears (RCTs), and superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) has become an increasingly popular choice. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes after SCR using an Achilles tendon allograft in irreparable massive RCTs. Methods: From December 2015 to March 2018, 11 patients (mean age, 66.3 ± 5.8 years) with irreparable massive RCTs who underwent SCR using an Achilles tendon allograft were enrolled in this study. The range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS), clinical scores, muscle strength, and acromiohumeral distance (AHD) were measured preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months, and final follow-up postoperatively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively to assess the global fatty degeneration index and graft failure. Ultrasonography was also conducted preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months, and final follow-up postoperatively to assess graft continuity. Results: The mean follow-up period was 27.6 months (range, 24–32 months). The shoulder ROM at final follow-up increased significantly in forward flexion (p = 0.023), external rotation (p = 0.018), internal rotation (p = 0.016), and abduction (p = 0.011). All patients showed improvement in VAS score (p = 0.005) and clinical scores (p < 0.001) compared with the preoperative state. Pseudoparalysis improved in all patients. The AHD was 3.88 mm (± 1.21 mm) preoperatively, 7.75 mm (± 1.52 mm, p = 0.014) at 6 months postoperatively, and 6.37 mm (± 1.72 mm, p = 0.031) at final follow-up. Graft removal and synovectomy were performed in 1 patient who developed postoperative infections. Radiological failure on follow-up MRI occurred in 2 patients at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. Conclusions SCR using an Achilles tendon allograft in irreparable massive RCTs achieved functional and clinical improvement. The use of Achilles tendon allograft also has the advantages of short operation time without donor site morbidity, sufficient thickness, and robustness; therefore, this allograft can be a useful graft for SCR.

Background: Treatment remains a challenge in massive and irreparable rotator cuff tears (RCTs), and superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) has become an increasingly popular choice. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes after SCR using an Achilles tendon allograft in irreparable massive RCTs. Methods: From December 2015 to March 2018, 11 patients (mean age, 66.3 ± 5.8 years) with irreparable massive RCTs who underwent SCR using an Achilles tendon allograft were enrolled in this study. The range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS), clinical scores, muscle strength, and acromiohumeral distance (AHD) were measured preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months, and final follow-up postoperatively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively to assess the global fatty degeneration index and graft failure. Ultrasonography was also conducted preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months, and final follow-up postoperatively to assess graft continuity. Results: The mean follow-up period was 27.6 months (range, 24–32 months). The shoulder ROM at final follow-up increased significantly in forward flexion (p = 0.023), external rotation (p = 0.018), internal rotation (p = 0.016), and abduction (p = 0.011). All patients showed improvement in VAS score (p = 0.005) and clinical scores (p < 0.001) compared with the preoperative state. Pseudoparalysis improved in all patients. The AHD was 3.88 mm (± 1.21 mm) preoperatively, 7.75 mm (± 1.52 mm, p = 0.014) at 6 months postoperatively, and 6.37 mm (± 1.72 mm, p = 0.031) at final follow-up. Graft removal and synovectomy were performed in 1 patient who developed postoperative infections. Radiological failure on follow-up MRI occurred in 2 patients at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. Conclusions SCR using an Achilles tendon allograft in irreparable massive RCTs achieved functional and clinical improvement. The use of Achilles tendon allograft also has the advantages of short operation time without donor site morbidity, sufficient thickness, and robustness; therefore, this allograft can be a useful graft for SCR.

To examine the effectiveness and safety of erythropoietin on the anemia of end-stage chronic renal failure, we administered recombinant human erythropoietin(rHuEPO), Eporon(R), to 66 patients with anemia and chronic renal failure who were undergoing hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. All received Eporon(R) intravenously, two or three times per week at 150unit/kg, and then the dose of Eporon(R) was adjusted to 75-300unit/kg/week according to the hemoglobin response. The results of this study judged 19(39.6%) of 48 patients as being in a "markedly improved" condition while 23(47.9%) of 48 patients were judged as being in an "improved" condition. At results, the response rate of this study was 87.5%(42/48 patients). This was the same as the target response rate, 90%(p= 0.564). Serious adverse events occured in 6 cases during the study, but all proved to be unrelated to Eporon(R). These events included itching 1(1.5%), urticaria 1(1.5%) and headache 1(1.5%). No patients discontinued to participate in the study except one patient who withdrew from the study voluntarily. The symptoms of all adverse events eventually decreased and disappeared during the clinical study. No factors in the clinical laboratory tests changed significantly (p<0.05) except for the decrease of TSR and ferritin, a consequence of using iron hemoglobin synthesis caused by Eporon(R) administration. The significant increase in blood pressure, which could not be proved to be related to Eporon(R), disappeared during the study. Anti-Epo antibody was not detected in any samples. These results demonstrate that Eporon(R) is effective in many patients with the anemia of end-stage chronic renal failure.
Anemia* ; Blood Pressure ; Erythropoietin ; Ferritins ; Headache ; Humans* ; Iron ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Pruritus ; Renal Dialysis ; Urticaria

The intraocular pressure and the anteroposterior length of the eye are of great clinical importance for the diagnosis and management, before and after surgery, of congenital glaucoma. It is well-known that normal intraocular pressure in children is different from the normal levels in adults. We performed measurements of intraocular pressure and axial length in 141 children who had been admitted for eye problems other than glaucoma. The intraocular pressures were measured with the Perkins hand-held applanation tonometer at the beginning of general anesthesia. Simultaneously, A-scan ultra-sound measurements of the axial lengths of the eyes were made. In 10 children under the age of two years, the intraocular pressure was 11.85 +/- 1.35 mmHg. In 79 children from two to seven years, the intraocular pressure was 12.80 +/- 1.73 mmHg. In 52 children from seven to 15 years, the intraocular pressure was 13.31 +/- 1.79 mmHg. The axial lengths of the eyes in children under the age of two years, from two to seven years, and from seven to 15 years, were 21.31 +/- 0.97 mm, 22.04 +/- 0.92 mm, and 23.22 +/- 1.00 mm, respectively. These results were considered to be guidelines for measuring intraocular pressure and axial length in children suspected of having congenital glaucoma. The differences of intraocular pressures stated by other authors are due to early measurement of the intraocular pressure at the beginning of general anesthesia.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Eye/*anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; *Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Reference Values ; Tonometry, Ocular