PURPOSE: There were many studies on the distributions of the retinal ganglion cells(RGC) in the experimental model of the retinal ischemia. RGC was known to be more sensitive to the ischemic injury than the other types of the retinal cells. So, we would identify the changes of the retinal ganglion cell morphologies and distribution after the iatrogenic retinal ischemia induced by intraocular pressure(IOP) elevation. METHODS: Eight pigmented and six white rabbits were used and retinal ischemia was induced by increasing IOP higher than 120 mmHg for 60 minutes. Electroretinogram were recorded at 6 days or 13 days, and histologic findings were observed at 7 or 14 days. RESULTS: After 7 days, RGC densities decreased, cytoplasmic staining disappeared, and the intranuclear hyperpigmentation was noted. RGC densities decreased significantly at 14 days. In the vertical retinal section, some flattening of retinal ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer was observed. Changes in the cellular morphologies were prominent. CONCLUSIONS: It may be more appropriate to examine both the retinal whole-mount and the vertical tissue section for the estimatation of the changes of retinal ganglion cell layer in the pressure-induced retinal ischemia.
Cytoplasm ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Hyperpigmentation ; Ischemia ; Models, Theoretical ; Rabbits ; Retina* ; Retinal Ganglion Cells ; Retinaldehyde*

PURPOSE: The authors sought to determine the neuroprotective effect of melatonin in a model of ischemic injury in rabbit retina. METHODS: Ischemia was induced by high intraocualr pressure. A dose of 100 microgram of melatonin or dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) alone was injected intravitreally just after the induction of ischemia. After 7 and 14 days, the neuroprotective effect of melatonin on ischemic retina was examined with light microscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: The authors found reduction of cytoplasm of retinal ganglion cell(RGC), vacuole formation, chromatin condensation and rupture of nuclear membrane in ischemia-injured eyes treated with DMSO alone. But in melatonin treated eyes, we found that RGC layer's thickness and number of RGC reduced and destruction of cytoplasmic organells and nuclear damage were minimal. The partial recovery of wave is noted in melatonin-treated eyes after ischemia induction. CONCLUSIONS: The melatonin(100 microgram) protected the rabbit retina from high intraocular pressure-induced ischemic injury when administered intravitreally. Melatonin may be useful to decrease neuronal damage in the retina as a result of ischemic injury. But further investigations are neccesary to decide effective concentration, route and time of administration.
Chromatin ; Cytoplasm ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Ganglion Cysts ; Ischemia* ; Melatonin* ; Neurons ; Neuroprotective Agents* ; Nuclear Envelope ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde* ; Rupture ; Vacuoles

Diclofenac sodium is a widely used drug for reducing inflammation and pain after cataract, surgery or excirner laser photorefractive keratectomy. However,we could find epithelial defect while using this drug postoperatively. To investigate the toxic effects of diclofenac sodium, we cultured corneal epithelial cells and tissues, then exposed them to various concentratiotration of drugs and measured the cell number and expanding area from. the original corneal tissue. In cases of cell culture, the cell number was counted at 24, 48, and 72 hours` exposure to l2.5, 25, 50, and 100 ug/ml solution of diclofenac sodium and at. 5 days after two minute exposure to 0. I and 0.2% solution. The cell number was reduced significantly at 50ug/ml (72 hrs later) , 100ug/ml(48 or 72 hrs later) and 0.1, 0.2% of solution than that of the control group. In tissue culture, we exposed the epithelial tissue to the same condition of cell culture. In long duration exposure conditions, the size of the epithelium grown from the tissues was smaller than that in the control group, especially at the dosage of 50 and 100ug/ml. In short duratio(2 minutes) exposure conditions, no significant difference from the control group was found. In conclusion, diclofenac sodium has some suppressive effects on the growth and migration of the rabbit corneal epithelium and its postoperative high dose or frequent instillation might injure the corneal epithelial cells.
Cataract ; Cell Count ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Diclofenac* ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Epithelium, Corneal* ; Inflammation ; Photorefractive Keratectomy

PURPOSE: We examined the ability of alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN), an electron spin trapper, to determine the neuroprotective effect in the argon laser induced ischemic rat retina model. METHODS: After ischemic condition of rat retina was induced by argon green laser, PBN was given intraperitoneally at 50 or 100 mg/kg and normal saline was injected to control group. After 24 hours, 48 hours, and 7 days, the neuroprotective effect of PBN was examined by electroretinogram (ERG) and after 7 days, the enucleation of eyes was performed and histologic findings were compared by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: We found relatively reduced amplitude of ERG wave in the PBN injected group but not so greatly reduced as in normal saline control group. The retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer and the number of RGCs were affected by acute ischemic changes but in the group of PBN treatment, the cell membrane was well preserved and vecuoles formation, cytoplasmic destructions, nuclear chromatin condensation were reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic administration of PBN can ameliorate an argon laser induced retinal ischemia. Further investigations are necessary to decide effective dose without toxicity and to find more convenient methods of administrations.
Animals ; Argon* ; Cell Membrane ; Chromatin ; Cytoplasm ; Ischemia* ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Neuroprotective Agents* ; Rats ; Retina ; Retinal Ganglion Cells ; Retinaldehyde*

A 47-year-old female patient presented with an acute onset of facial palsy and otitis media on the left side. Temporal bone CT scans revealed an irregularly shaped lesion in the middle ear cavity extending into the mastoid air cells. MRI images confirmed intra- and extra-temporal involvement of the facial nerve schwannoma. The correlation of distinct imaging findings of the facial nerve schwannoma along the course of the facial nerve and anatomical features of the temporal bone is discussed.
Ear, Middle ; Facial Nerve ; Facial Paralysis ; Female ; Humans ; Mastoid ; Neurilemmoma ; Otitis Media ; Temporal Bone

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant*

PURPOSE: To compare MRI appearance between plicae syndrome and normal plicae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 60 cases of arthroscopically-confirmed plicae syndrome and 18 of arthroscopically-proven normal plicae were retrospectively analyzed. Sagittal T2-weighted MR images in all cases and MPGR(200) in 37 cases of plicae syndrome were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. RESULTS: On the basis of operatingresults, we observed 55 medial plicae, eight combined medial and suprapatellar plicae, four suprapatellar plicae,and one lateral plica. T2-weighted sagittal MR scans of the 60 cases demonstrated 37 medial plicae, 8 suprapatellar and one lateral plica. Joint effusion was found in 26 cases of 55 medial plicae. In T2-weighted sagittal MR scans, the identification of medial plicae was superior in the presence of joint effusion than its absence(plicae syndrome, p < 0.001 ; normal plicae group, p < 0.05). Medial plicae were well demonstrated onMPGR(200) axial images; on T2-weighted sagittal MR scans, they could be more frequently identified in the plicae syndrome group than in the normal control group(p < 0.001). Plicae syndrome-associated pathology included degenerative change of the articular cartilage of the medial femoral condyle in eight cases(14.5%), discoidmeniscus in nine(16.4%), lateral meniscus tear in 12(21.8%), medial meniscus tear in 21(38.1%), anterior cruciate ligament tear in three(5.5%), medial collateral ligament tear and osteochondritis dissecans in one case. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that synovial plicae were well demonstrated in T2-weighted sagittal images, particularly on the presence of joint effusion. Medial plicae could be more frequently identified in the plicae syndrome group than in the normal control group, especially on T2-weighted sagittal MR scans.
Cartilage, Articular ; Collateral Ligaments ; Humans ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Menisci, Tibial ; Osteochondritis Dissecans ; Pathology

Orbital emphysema is a well-known concomitant of fracture of the paranasal sinuses involving the orbit. The important clinical distinction lies in the presence of proptosis. This is found in the variety of emphysema confined to the orbit without communication with the lids. The rise in intraorbital pressure, which occurs when air enters the orbit, causes the proptosis. Authors have recently experienced a rare case of complete protrusion of the eyeball caused by orbital emphysema after contusion on occipital area of skull due to fall-down in 10 month-old korean girl. The eyeball was completely exposed out of the lid margin. The case report is reviewed with the several literatures.
Contusions ; Emphysema* ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Orbit* ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Skull

PURPOSE: Preoperative on-screen templating is a method of using acetate templates on digital images. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy, intra- and interobserver reliabilities of preoperative on-screen templating using digital radiographs for total hip arthroplasty (THA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred patients with hip disease who were treated with primary cementless THA were retrospectively evaluated. The accuracy of on-screen templating was assessed by comparing the predicted prosthesis sizes with the actual sizes used operatively. The inter- and intraobserver reliabilities of the templating results were also evaluated. RESULTS: The prosthesis prediction accuracy within ±one size was 96.6% for the cup size and 97.8% for the stem size. The inter- and intraobserver reliabilities for the implant size were substantial (kappa>0.70). The intra- and interobserver reliabilities for the leg length discrepancy and femoral offset difference using the intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.89 to 0.97. CONCLUSION: Preoperative on-screen templating using digital radiographs showed substantial accuracy and reliability for implant prediction. It is an effective method for predicting the size of implant, correcting the leg length discrepancy and restoring the femoral offset.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Hip ; Humans ; Leg ; Methods ; Prostheses and Implants ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Female* ; Humans ; Neck* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Incontinence*