The aim of this vitro-study is to evaluate the effects of fluoride on remineralization of artificial dentine caries. 10 sound permanent premolars, which were extracted for orthodontic reason within 1 week, were used for this study. Artificial dentine caries was created by using a partially saturated buffer solution for 2 days with grounded thin specimens and fractured whole-body specimens. Remineralization solutions with three different fluoride concentration (1 ppm, 2 ppm and 4 ppm) were used on demineralized-specimens for 7 days. Polarizing microscope and scanning electron microscope were used for the evaluation of the mineral distribution profile and morphology of crystallites of hydroxyapatite. The results were as follows : 1. When treated with the fluoride solutions, the demineralized dentine specimens showed remineralization of the upper part and demineralization of the lower part of the lesion body simultaneously. 2. As the concentration of fluoride increased, the mineral precipitation in the caries dentine increased. The mineral precipitation mainly occurred in the surface layer in 1 and 2 ppm-specimens and in the whole lesion body in 4 ppm-specimens. 3. When treated with the fluoride solution, the hydroxyapatite crystals grew. This crystal growth was even observed in the lower part of the lesion body which had shown the loss of mineral.
Bicuspid ; Crystallization ; Dentin ; Durapatite ; Electrons ; Fluorides

We evaluated the clinical and radiologic results of 48 cases (31 patients) who had rheumatoid arthritis of the knee joint and were managed with cementless total knee arthroplasty between November 1988 and December 1994. The mean follow-up period was 3.7 years (range, 2 to 7 years). The knee score of the Hospital for Special Surgery improved from an average of 44 points (range, 5 to 77 points) preoperatively to 83 points (range, 50 to 97 points) at the time of the most recent followup examination. In knee score, 85.4% of cases had excellent or good grade (over 75 points). The range of motion improved from an average of 77 degrees to an average of 103 degrees postoperatively. In tibiofemoral angle, 95.8% of cases were between valgus I degree and 10 degrees. The implants were inserted in an optimal position. Continuous radiolucency was not visible beneath any implant and loosening was not found. In one case, heterotopic ossification was removed to improve the range of motion. There was one case of patellar fracture during operation. Even in relatively poor bone quality in rheumatoid arthritis of the knee, the cementless total knee arthroplasty revealed good clinical and radiologic results.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Arthroplasty* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Knee Joint ; Knee* ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Range of Motion, Articular

Statistical analysis according to W.H.O. classification for the patients admitted the Ped. Dept. of Han-Il Hospital was carried out during 4 years from Jan. 1974 to Dec. 1977. The following results were observed. 1. Total No. of patient during 4 years period were 1955, of which 1199 were male(61.33%, 756 were female(38.67%) and male to femal ratio was 1.57:1. 2. There was no significant variation. 3. According to age, preschool aged group as the most frequent group consistin of 488 cases(24.49%), school aged group and adolescent in the order of frequency. 4. On monthly distribution, there was no significant variation 5. Most frequent diseases in pediatric age group were respiratory tract one, 851 cases(39.29%) : infectious and parasitic ones, 553(25.53%) and neonatal disease, 204 cases(9.42%) in the order of frequency. 6. Among respiratory tract disease, pneumonia was the most frequent one, 587 cases(27.10%). 7. Among infectious and parasitic disease group, gastrointestinal infectious one was the most frequent, 224 cases(10.34%) : other viral disease and tuberculosis in the order of frequency. 8. Among neonatal diseases, prematurity was the most frequent one, 82 cases(3.79%).
Adolescent ; Classification ; Humans ; Male ; Parasitic Diseases ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory System ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; Tuberculosis ; Virus Diseases

No abstract available.
Erythromycin* ; Gastric Emptying* ; Gastroparesis*

PURPOSE: The present study investigates the patterns of internal optical aberrations in eyes with different types of cataract. METHODS: Eighty eyes of 70 cataract patients were included in the present study. Internal optical aberrations were measured with a KR-1W wavefront aberrometer before cataract operation. Types of cataract were classified into three groups; cortical, nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataracts. The differences in the results of the wavefront data of 6-mm pupil diameter zones were compared among three groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparing data. RESULTS: A total of 80 eyes consisting of 30 cortical cataracts, 30 nuclear cataracts and 20 posterior subcapsular cataracts were found. In the 6-mm pupil diameter zone, the average internal spherical aberrations by original value were 0.042 microm of cortical cataracts, -0.092 microm of nuclear cataracts and -0.109 microm of posterior subcapsular cataracts. The average internal spherical aberrations by absolute value were 0.122 microm of cortical cataracts, 0.533 microm of nuclear cataracts and 0.202 microm of posterior subcapsular cataracts. The internal spherical aberrations by original value were not statistically significantly different, but by absolute value were statistically significantly different (p = 0.003, Kruskal-Wallis test). Nuclear cataracts have a much higher positive or negative value than other cataract groups in the distribution of internal spherical aberrations by original value for each type of cataract. Other than this difference, the internal astigmatism and internal high order aberrations were not statistically significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: The change in internal spherical aberrations of nuclear cataract from the original value was larger than cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract. Therefore, nuclear cataracts have much higher positive or negative values than other cataract groups.
Astigmatism ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Pupil

PURPOSE: The pretransplant pregnancy has been thought to be a detrimental factor for graft survival following renal allografts. However, graft survival in woman who underwent renal allografts from her offspring donor can be affected either positively by chimerism during fetal circulation or negatively by hypersensitive response. We attempted to define the role of pretransplant pregnancy on allografts survival of mother recipients from offspring donors. METHODS: During July 1, 1990 through July 31, 2002 117 patients were enrolled in this study. We divided these patients into 3 groups: group 1 (mothers receiving allografts from offspring) of 40 patients, group 2 (fathers receiving allografts from offspring) of 42 patients, and group 3 (women with a history of pregnancy and received allografts from unrelated donors) of 35 patients. We analysed the rejection rate, and patient and graft survival among the 3 groups. RESULTS: The acute rejection episodes (ARE) within 3 months were prevalent in the patients who received allografts from offspring. But after 3 months, no significant difference was observed among the three groups. The 1, 5 years graft survival rate of each group was 90.0%, 85.5% in group 1, 97.4%, 97.4% in group 2 and 94.3%, 94.3% in group 3. And the 1, 5 years patient survival rate was 92.5%, 88.1% in group 1, 100%, 100% in group 2 and 94.3%, 94.3% in group 3. CONCLUSION: From these results we can assume that the higher rejection rate and somewhat lower graft survival rate in mother recipients who underwent renal allografts from the offspring donors were caused by the anamnestic response from presensitization during pregnancy. To achieve better results in this group, a perioperative cautious care with different strategy of immunosuppressant is recommended.
Allografts* ; Chimerism ; Female ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Mothers ; Pregnancy* ; Survival Rate ; Tissue Donors*

PURPOSE: To compare MRI appearance between plicae syndrome and normal plicae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 60 cases of arthroscopically-confirmed plicae syndrome and 18 of arthroscopically-proven normal plicae were retrospectively analyzed. Sagittal T2-weighted MR images in all cases and MPGR(200) in 37 cases of plicae syndrome were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. RESULTS: On the basis of operatingresults, we observed 55 medial plicae, eight combined medial and suprapatellar plicae, four suprapatellar plicae,and one lateral plica. T2-weighted sagittal MR scans of the 60 cases demonstrated 37 medial plicae, 8 suprapatellar and one lateral plica. Joint effusion was found in 26 cases of 55 medial plicae. In T2-weighted sagittal MR scans, the identification of medial plicae was superior in the presence of joint effusion than its absence(plicae syndrome, p < 0.001 ; normal plicae group, p < 0.05). Medial plicae were well demonstrated onMPGR(200) axial images; on T2-weighted sagittal MR scans, they could be more frequently identified in the plicae syndrome group than in the normal control group(p < 0.001). Plicae syndrome-associated pathology included degenerative change of the articular cartilage of the medial femoral condyle in eight cases(14.5%), discoidmeniscus in nine(16.4%), lateral meniscus tear in 12(21.8%), medial meniscus tear in 21(38.1%), anterior cruciate ligament tear in three(5.5%), medial collateral ligament tear and osteochondritis dissecans in one case. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that synovial plicae were well demonstrated in T2-weighted sagittal images, particularly on the presence of joint effusion. Medial plicae could be more frequently identified in the plicae syndrome group than in the normal control group, especially on T2-weighted sagittal MR scans.
Cartilage, Articular ; Collateral Ligaments ; Humans ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Menisci, Tibial ; Osteochondritis Dissecans ; Pathology

No abstract available.
Coma ; Embolism, Air ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

No abstract available.
Female* ; Humans ; Neck* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Incontinence*

Two cases of anesthetic experience for excision of pheochromocytoma were presented, one was diagnosed by abdominal computed tomography and urinary VMA level checked after cardiac arrest during previous anesthetic induction for gastric polypectomy at private clinic. The other case was diagnosed by upper GI series and abdominal sonography. Anesthesia was managed with glycopyrrolate and meperidine for premedication, thiopental for induction, isoflurane-nitrous oxide-oxygen for maintenance, pancuronium and vecuronium for muscle relaxation, and nitroprusside for controlling severe hypertensive episode. We experienced marked fluctuation of blood pressure during anesthetic course. Severe hypotension followed removal of tumor, which was corrected by rapid transfusion and infusion of crystalloids. Postanesthetic recovery and course were uneventful.
Anesthesia ; Blood Pressure ; Glycopyrrolate ; Heart Arrest ; Hypotension ; Isoflurane ; Meperidine ; Muscle Relaxation ; Nitroprusside* ; Pancuronium ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Premedication ; Thiopental ; Vecuronium Bromide