Mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA) and the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome are passed down, unaltered, from generation to generation, matrilineally and patrilineally, respectively. Therefore, the Y-chromosome DNA and mtDNA are known as lineage markers, and they play important roles in studies based on human migration and evolutionary history. Y-chromosome DNA is used in forensic analysis to identify individuals involved in cases of sexual assault. In this paper, we review the methods of statistical evaluation of lineage markers used in forensic identification. We also review the combined approach of autosomal and lineage marker evidence.
DNA ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Human Migration ; Y Chromosome

OBJECTIVES: The authors have intended to know the drug interaction of fluoxetine and haloperidol when coadministering two drugs to the chronic schizophrenics by assessing the changes of positive, negative symptoms and extrapyramidal symptoms. METHOD: We selected 38 patients, the chronic schizophrenics with no physical problems. they are randomly assigned to placebo group and drug group. And then, placebo or fluoxetine 20mg were administered to the subjects of each group during 8 week period. We have assessed their psychopathology and extrapyramidal symptoms using positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS), Clinical Global Impression(CGI), Simpson-Angus Scale at o, 2, 4, 6, 8 week during the period. RESULTS: 38 patients have completed the study during 8 week. 1) PANSS, CGI : no significant difference between groups and no significant change according to the times. 2) Simpson-Angus Scale : no significant changes. CONCLUSION: When co-administering fluoxetine and haloperidol, there were no significant changes of psychopathology and extrapyramidal symptoms. There results suggest that it is safe to coadminister fluoxetine to schizophrenic with haloperidol treatment.
Drug Interactions ; Fluoxetine* ; Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Psychopathology*

No abstract available.
Constriction, Pathologic* ; Neurologic Manifestations* ; Spinal Canal*

We report a rare case of carcinosarcoma arising in the stomach. The tumor is presented in the posterior wall of the gastric lower body and antrum of a 56-year-old man. Grossly the tumor has polypoid appearance with diffuse surface ulceration and measures 5.5 cm in diameter. The tumor is accompanied with three separate well differentiated early gastric adenocarcinomas (two EGC type IIc & IIa). Microscopically, the tumor consists of moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma in the periphery, and lobulated sarcomatous areas in the center, which shows chondroid differentiation. Transitional areas between adenocarcinoma and chondrosarcoma are evident. Immunohistochemical studies show positivity for cytokeratin and carcinoembryonic antigen in the epithelial component, and for vimentin and S-100 in the sarcomatous component. The transitional areas are positive in carcinoembryonic antigen, vimentin, S-100, and cytokeratin. The tumor extended to the subserosa and showed metastasis of only adenocarcinomatous component in six out of 47 dissected perigastric lymph nodes.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Carcinosarcoma* ; Chondrosarcoma ; Humans ; Keratins ; Lymph Nodes ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Stomach* ; Ulcer ; Vimentin

In cataract surgery, the surgically induced miosis complicate the removal of lens materials and implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens, which increase the risk of ocular trauma and its associated complication. The refore maintenance of mydriasis during cataract syrgery makes the operation easier and brings a good results. This study was performed in rabbit and human eyes to assess the role of the prostaglandins in surgically induced miosis by observing the reduction of pupillary constriction and by measuring the amount of prostaglandins in aqueous humor when the 1.0% suprofen, cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, was used, and to assess the effect of suprofen in intraocular pressure. In the results, suprofen inhibits syrgically induced miosis (p value: <0.01, human <0.01) without intraocular pressure change, and for this miosis, prostaglans and for this miosis, prostaglandins are at least partially responsible.
Aqueous Humor ; Cataract ; Constriction ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Miosis* ; Mydriasis ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Prostaglandins* ; Suprofen

No abstract available.
Thromboangiitis Obliterans*

We present a case of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) asseci ted with vitiligo in a 57 year-old male patient. Physical examination revealed two distinct skin lesions those of itiligo showed as centrally located depigmented patches surrounded by erythernatous patch on the right cheek, scalp and left dorsurn of hand and those of SLE showed as erythematous papules and patchs with partial adherent scales on the face, scalp, neck, both extensor surface of arm, and left dorsun of hand. Their coexistence lends credence to the contention that altered autoimrnunity may play a role in the pathogenesis of each of these diseases. In Western countries and Japen, patients with lupus erythema osis have been observed to develop vitiligo or depigmented spots on the skin, while in Korea, its has not been previously observed.
Arm ; Cheek ; Erythema ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Physical Examination ; Scalp ; Skin ; Vitiligo* ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone*

No abstract available.
Glomus Tumor*

No abstract available.
Scleroderma, Localized