No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Recurrence*

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*

PURPOSE: Oncogen or growth factor receptor such as phospholipase C isoenzyme gamma-1 (PLC gamma-1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and Her-2/neu which related with tyrosin kinasemay and then regulating vell proliferation may have a role as prognostic factors for breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: With assumption that expression of PLC gamma-1, EGFR and Her-2/neu oncogene has close relationship with prognosis of breast cancer, 59 breast cancer patients who were operated upon at Korea University Hospital during a period of 6 years starting June 1988 to May 1994 were selected for this study. This study was carried out by comparing between expression of PLC gamma-1, EGFR and Her-2/neu oncogene and patient's survival rate. These expression were also compared with TNM system, estrogen and progesterone receptor and at same time these expressions were compared with each other to see whether there are any relationship among these expression. RESULTS: Expression of PLC gamma-1, EGFR and Her-2/neu were present in 42% (25/59), 46% (27/59) and 20% (12/59). The expression of PLC gamma-1 was closely related with the expression of EGFR (p<0.05) and Her-2/neu (p<0.05), but there were no relationship between the expression of PLC gamma-1 and hormonal receptors and TNM stage (p>0.05). The expression of EGFR was closely related with the expression of Her-2/neu (p<0.05) and hormone receptors (p<0.05), but there were no relationship between the expression of EGFR and pathologic TNM stage (p>0.05). The expression of Her-2/neu was not closely related with hormone receptors and TNM stage except axillary lymph node metastasis. There were close relationship between overall and disease free survival and PLC gamma-1 and Her-2/neu. But EGFR had only related with disease free survival rate. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the expression of PLC gamma-1, EGFR and Her-2/neu oncogene in human breast cancer may be useful prognostic factors independently and it may potentiated its individual value as a prognostic factors if use them together.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Estrogens ; Humans* ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Oncogenes ; Phospholipases* ; Prognosis ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Survival Rate ; Type C Phospholipases*

The bone scanning has been routinely used for initial report in 1970s showed a high incidence of positive-up to 45%-results in preoperative assessment of these patients. But recent reports have questioned the routine use of bone scanning in preoperative basis by the result of much lower positive result as rate less than 1%. On this point, we analyzed 224 cases of breast cancer, which were operatively managed in the period from January 1990 to January 1995 at the department of surgery, Korea university medical center. All the cases were performed bone scanning preoperatively and followed up more than 3 months. The analytic evaluation was done about age, stage of disease, serum alkaline phosphatase level according to menopausal status and its correlation to the result of bone scanning. The result was 14 positive cases(6.3%) from bone scanning in 224 breast cancer cases, but only 8 cases(3.6%) were true positive with bone metastasis. While 35 stage I cases and 69 stage IIa ones had no true positive, 1 among 63 stage IIb cases(1.6%), 5 among 46 stage IIIa cases(10.9%) and 2 among 11 of stage IIIb ones(18.2%) had true positive. There were high bone metastasis rate in premenopausal patients(5/108 cases, 4.6%) than postmenopausal patients(3/116, 2.6%) (p<0.05). The alkaline phosphatase level shows no significant differences between true positive and other groups(p>0.05). All true positive patients' alkaline phosphatase level shows within normal limits. According to this result, we think that preoperative bone scanning is unnecessary as a routine procedure in Stage I and IIa breast cancer patients. Stage IIb needs more and further study for confirming the indication of bone scanning as combinations with other predictive indicator or symptoms. About Stage III disease, we conclude the bone scanning is absolutely helpful.
Academic Medical Centers ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Korea ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic skin disease in childhood. Severe atopic dermatitis may require use of topical or systemic corticosteroids. These treatments are prone to several adverse side effects. This paper highlights the impressive effect of diphenylcycloprope none(DPCP) sensitization in some cases of childhood and adolescent atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of DPCP in treating severe atopic dermatitis of children and adolescents. METHODS: Twenty eight patients, who had moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, were recruited in the treatment of DPCP weekly for 10 weeks and followed up for another 4 weeks. Severity of atopic dermatitis was measured using SCORAD index. RESULTS: Sixteen of 28 patients had finished the treatment courses. After 10 weeks of therapy with DPCP, the patient's symptoms were improved and the mean SCORAD index was significantly reduced from 48.9+/-17.8 to 18.0+/-9.1 (p<0.01). During the follow-up period, patients could be managed by topical steroid and oral antihistamine and flare-up was not observed. CONCLUSION: According to our study, DPCP can be an effective, safe and well-tolerated therapy for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents. We suggest that DPCP may be effective in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis of children and adolescents without serious complications.
Child ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Humans

BACKGROUND: The cause of acrodermatitis enteropathica(AE) is closely related to zinc deficiency. Zinc is a potent inhibitor of endonuclease. Acute rises in the apoptosis in lymphoid and myeloid cell lines during zinc deficiency has recently been reported. The method of terminal transferase mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL) is used in situ labelling of apoptotic nuclei in routine tissue sections. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to clarify our hypothesis that apoptosis resulted from zinc deficiency might cause keratinocytes damages in AE. METHOD: We stained 6 AE biopsy specimen with TUNEL technique. RESULTS: In acroderrratitis enteropathica, apoptotic keratinocytes were shown in the entire epidermis as compared to normal, controlled skin, in which it was found only at the uppermost layer of this stratified epithelium. CONCLUSION: This result suggests that apoptosis resulting from zinc deficiency might play a role in keratinocyte death in AE.
Acrodermatitis* ; Apoptosis ; Biopsy ; Biotin ; Epidermis ; Epithelium ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Keratinocytes* ; Myeloid Cells ; Skin ; Transferases ; Zinc

An eruptive vellus hair cyst is an uncommon, benign, epithelial tumor with hair differentiation. Clinically, it presents as asymptomatic, flesh-colored to yellowish, follicular papules, 1 to 4 mm in diameter, most commonly on the chest. It is usually seen in children and young adults but may be congenital. Histologically, it shows a middermal cyst lined by squamous epithelium containing keratinous material and vellus hairs. It has a tendency to clear spontaneously but may be persistent. We report a case of congenital eruptive vellus hair cyst in an 11-year-old girl who presented multiple pinhead-sized brown to black papules on her anterior chest since birth.
Child ; Epithelium ; Female ; Follicular Cyst ; Hair* ; Humans ; Parturition ; Thorax ; Young Adult

The bcl-2 proto-oncogene was first described as a result of the chromosomal translocation t(14:18) seen in a large number of follicular B-cell lines. Bcl-2 is so far unique a proto-oncogene in that it codes for an inner mitochondrial membrane protein. This protein regulates the programmed cell death called apoptosis. This study was designed to investigate expression of bcl-2 protein in 81 human breast cancer by using immunohistochemical staining with the monoclonal antibody of bcl-2 protein. Also this factor was compared with established clinicopathological prognostic factors and hormone receptors. The bcl-2 protein expression was positive in 38(47%) cases and was negative in 43(53%) cases. There was significant correlation between bcl-2 protein expression and histologic grade(p=0.014). Positive expression of bcl-2 protein was correlated with positive estrogen(p=0.051) and progesterone(p=0.059) receptors, but this correlation was not significant. Bcl-2 expression failed to show its prognostic role for overall(p=0.115) and disease free(p=0.214) survival. In conclusion, the bcl-2 protein is often expressed in half of breast cancer, and its expression is associated with histologic grade and hormone receptor status, but the overall and disease free survival of breast cancer patient do not appear to be influenced by bcl-2 protein expression.
Apoptosis ; B-Lymphocytes ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Death ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Mitochondrial Membranes ; Proto-Oncogenes ; Translocation, Genetic

The usual sites of the bladder cancer metastases are lymph nodes, liver, lungs and bone. The incidence of metastases to the skin from bladder cancer has been reported to be between 0.2 and 2%. Cutaneous metastases from transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder occur infrequently. Metastatic skin cancers vary in type, in rare instances, zosteriform metastases may occur. A 77-year-old man with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder presented with multiple grouped erythematous papuloplaques and nodules which had developed on the right abdomen, flank and back in zosteriform distribution. Histopathologic examination revealed dermal pleomorphic cellular infiltration and tumor cells in lymphatic vessels. It represents a case of zosteriform cutaneous metastasis from transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
Abdomen ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: Without a specific diagnostic method, the clinical diagnostic criteria for atypical Kawasaki disease is known as the presence of coronary artery changes in a patient who did not meet the already estabilished clinical criteria. With this criteria, we are put into dilemma because atypical Kawasaki disease should exhibit coronary artery disease. So, we demonstrated the rate of coronary artery involvement in atypical Kawasaki disease by another diagnostic criteria. METHODS: This diagnostic criteria for atypical Kawasaki disease is "the clinical symptoms which fulfilled four out of six diagnostic criteria below of typical Kawasaki disease with or without the presence of coronary artery changes, and were inconsistent under a through clinical investigation with any other illness similar to Kawasaki disease." RESULTS: The incidence of coronary artery involvement in atypical Kawasaki disease during the acute phase (analysis of 30 cases who were admitted before the 15th day of illness), on the 30th day of illness (26 cases) and on the 60th day of illness(26 cases) were 20.0% (dilatation : 13.3%, aneurysm : 6.7%), 19.2% (dilatation : 19.2%, aneurysm : 0.0%), 7.7%(dilatation : 7.7%, aneurysm : 0.0%), respectively. CONCLUSOIN: Kawasaki disease may occur in atypical type, ranging over many severe involvements of vital organs including the coronary artery. Up to the present, there are no infallible diagnostic tests for Kawasaki disease and it is advisable to deemphasize the rigid adherence to the current already proposed diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease.
Aneurysm ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome*