The diastolic retinal arterial blood pressure was measured by Ophthalmodynamometer in 15 patients of essential hypertension before and after the administration of Raudixin three times a days. The follow up period was 4 to 70 days. The average fall of the systolic brachial blood pressure was 38.1 mmHg(from 174.6 to 136.5 mmHg) 19 days after the treatment, whereas the average fall of the diastolic brachial blood pressure was 19.6 mmHg (from 166.6 to 94.7 mmHg) 24 days after treatment. A positive correlation was demonstrated between the retinal and brachial diastolic blood pressures prior to the treatment. The diastolic brachial blood pressure showed its fall only 15 days after treatment, the average fall being 17.1 mmHg. During this period of time, the average fall of the diastolic retinal arterial pressure was 10.2 mmHg. In 6 cases, the retinal arterial pressure didn't fall back to the normal valures and in 5 cases of Keith-Wagener group II, the retinal arterial pressure remained unchanged in spite of the treatment. The percentage ratio of the retinal to the brachial diastolic blood pressure remained stationary in 3 cases, rose in 4 cases. The number of cases which show fall in this ratio gradually increased and about 80% of the cases demonstrated definite fall one month after treatment. The retinal arterial pressure remained stationary during 2 weeks after treatment in 60% of the cases. The significant lowering of the retinal arterial blood pressure was observed only one month after treatment in the majority of cases. The retinal arterial pressure fell below normal range in no case.
Arterial Pressure* ; Blood Pressure ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Rauwolfia* ; Reference Values ; Retinaldehyde*

No abstract available.

In 54 cases with heterophoria, the effects of the tranquilizers were studied. The minimum doses of two kinds of tranquilizers i.e., phenothiazine derivative (chlorpromazine) and benzodiazepine derivative (oxazepam) were given for 3 days. The results were as follows: 1. In 18 cases (43%) of the 30 cases who complained asthenopia, the symptom was relieved to some extent. The improvement of the symptom occurred with decrease in the Jateral phoria in 13 cases, and with increase in fusional amplitude in 13 cases. 2, There were no changes in the lateral phoria in 31 cases (59%) at distance, but at near, in 27 cases (52%) there was decrease in the lateral phoria. The amount of the increment or decrement in prism diopters was somewhat larger at near than at distance, and also somewhat larger in cases, in which the initial lateral phoria before medication is high, than in the cases with low initial lateral phoria. 3, There were no changes in the fusional amplitude in 24 cases (46%) at distance, but at near, in 28 cases (55 %) there was the increase in fusional amplitude. The changes in the amount of the increment or decrement in the fusional al1}plitude were similar to that of the changes in the amount in lateral phoria. 4, There were no remarkable changes in vertical phorias. 5. In exophoria there were no remarkable differences between subjects given chlorpromazine and those gIven oxazepam.
Asthenopia ; Benzodiazepines ; Chlorpromazine ; Exotropia ; Oxazepam ; Strabismus

OBJECTIVE: The prescription rates of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics are very low around 1% in Korea. This study was aimed to explore the preference of LAIs in patients with schizophrenia, who are currently living in community, and their caregivers. METHODS: The patients, diagnosed with schizophrenia by DSM-IV TR and were registered in the 31 mental health centers of Gyeonggi province and their caregivers were inquired the knowledge of the LAIs. The questionnaires contained information such as demographic characteristics, history of psychiatric treatment, and so on. RESULTS: About 5,318 were registered in 31 community mental health centers of Gyeonggi province in February 2012. The questionnaires of 614 patients and 365 caregivers were gathered from 20 community mental health centers. The mean ages (+/-SD) of patients and caregivers were 41.9 (+/-10.2) and 62.2 (+/-13.4) years old, respectively. 272 patients (44.6%) had experienced the discontinuation of medications without doctor's consent. 217 patients (35.9%) and 97 caregivers (27.1%) knew about the LAIs. The preference rates for LAIs were 35.2% and 46.8% for the patients and caregivers, respectively. CONCLUSION: There is still huge discrepancy between the preference and the real prescriptions of LAIs in community-dwelling patients and their caregivers, much higher than in those of hospital settings. This study suggests that both patients and caregivers registered in the community mental health centers have a strong commitment to live in the community. The obstacles against the benefits of LAIs need to be resolved.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Caregivers ; Community Mental Health Centers ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Health ; Prescriptions ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Schizophrenia

No abstract available.
Hemoptysis*

In 20 eyes of 10 rabbits, total hyphema were produced by injecting human fresh blood into the anterior chamber after aspirating the aquous humor. six hours later, 10 left eyes of them were treated with injection of urokinase into the anterior chamber. A control group of 5 right eyes were treated with normal saline and the other 5 right eyes were left untreated. The eyes treated with urokinase showed the most rapid rate of absorption of blood clot and clearance of corneal opacity among 3 groups. The comparison between the group treated with normal saline and the untreated group about the absorption rate of blood clot and clearance of corneal opacity were made. The former is slightly rapid than the later, but there was no significant differance between them. The observation of ciliary injection and changes of intraocular pressure had not shown a significant differance among 3 groups.
Absorption ; Anterior Chamber ; Corneal Opacity ; Humans ; Hyphema* ; Intraocular Pressure ; Rabbits* ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator*

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment not only for various mental disorders including depression, mania, and schizophrenia, but also for inadequacy and resistance to pharmacotherapy and the psychiatric emergences. The historical ups and downs of ECT treatment since its first introduction in 1938 were ended by the validation impacts of evidence-based medicine in the 1980s and by other clinical issues. Clinical research for the optimization of ECT to maximize therapeutic effects and to minimize adverse effects is ongoing to establish standardized procedures and educational programs through the ECT center. In addition, guidelines for ECT practices are also being developed for the clinical excellence of ECT practices in accordance with the recommendations of international organizations such as World Psychiatric Association and American Psychiatric Association. This article was prepared by reviews of the literature, direct observations of ECT practices abroad, and interviews with ECT experts around the world in order to enhance therapeutic effects with recently updated ECT practices under the belief that the most appropriate treatments should be provided to the patients in need.
Bipolar Disorder ; Depression ; Drug Therapy ; Electroconvulsive Therapy* ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Schizophrenia

No abstract available.
Bronchiolitis Obliterans* ; Bronchiolitis* ; Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia*

No abstract available.
Ascites*

Vistamycin is a new type of aminoglycoside antibiotics and similar to Kanamycin in its antibacterial spectrum. Vistamycin is especially effective in ophthalmic field due to high penetration into the ocular tissue. In this study, the patients were divided into three groups. 1. 13 cases of ocular infectious diseases such as hordeolum and dacryocystitis. They have received intramuscular injections. 2. 32 cases receiving intramuscular injection for prophylaxis of postoperative infection. 3. 5 cases receiving topical application of 1% Vistamycin eye-drops. Group 1 and 2 were treated with intramuscular injection of Vistamycin 1.0 G.per day for 2 to 10 days. The results were summerized as follows: (1) Group 1 showed good response to Vistamycin with about 77% of efficacy rate. (2) None of group 2 developed postoperative infection. (3) The efficacy rate of group 3 was about 80%.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Communicable Diseases ; Dacryocystitis ; Hordeolum ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Kanamycin ; Ophthalmology*