Tooth movement by orthodontic force is based upon alveolar bone resorption at compression site and bone formation at tension site of tooth. The function of cyclic AMP is to participate not only in initial action of bone cells by mechanical forces but also in the continuous cellular response leading, to bone remodeling. This experiment was performed to clarify the role of cyclic AMP in bone remodeling by mechanical forces. The orthodontic forces of about 80 gm and 100 gm were applied to the right canines of maxillary and mandibular bone, respectively, in cats, treated for periods of time ranging from one hour to 28 days. Alveolar bones were obtained from compression and tension sites . surrounding tipping maxillary and mandibular canines as well as from contralateral control sites. The samples were extracted, boiled and homogenized, and the supernatants were assayed for cyclic AMP by a radioimmunoassay mothod. The results were as follows: 1. The orthodontic movement of canines was increased to the end of experimental period and the action of orthodontic forces on tooth movement was more effective in maxillary canine. 2. The cyclic AMP levels of alveolar bones in compression and tension sites initially decreased, then increased and remained elevated to the end of experiment. The differences of the cyclic AMP levels between treated sites and non-treated sites were gradually increased. 3. The cyclic AMP levels in treated sites of mandibular alveolar bone was higher than that of maxillary alveolar bone.
Animals ; Bone Remodeling ; Bone Resorption ; Cats ; Cyclic AMP* ; Osteogenesis ; Radioimmunoassay ; Tooth ; Tooth Movement

It had heen emphasized the necessity for upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations in patients. Who has had gastrectomy and presents persisting gastrointestinal symptoms. This study was conducted to evaluate endoscopic findings and clinical symptoms in patients following gastrectomy. (continue...)
Gastrectomy* ; Humans

PURPOSE: We reviewed radiological mid-term results of cementless hip replacement using Mallory-Head tapered titanium femoral stem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty six patients, 50 hips were followed for more than 5 years. Mean age was 56 years, and mean follow-up period was 6.8 years. Radiologically changes in alignment, subsidence and wear rate were measured. Radiolucent line, endosteal spot weld and osteolysis were also assessed according to Gruen zones. RESULTS: All stems showed stable fixation, and radiolucent lines were observed in noncoated zones of 13 cases (26%) . Osteolysis was observed around the proximal stem in 16 cases (32%) , but it did not progress distally. CONCLUSION: With minimum follow-up of 5 years, the tapered titanium femoral stem showed good radiological results, however osteolysis needs more long-term follow-up.
Arthroplasty* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hip* ; Humans ; Osteolysis ; Titanium

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to discover how much needle deflection occurs during spinal or epidural block and how it can be reduced. METHODS: A styrofoam block was used to simulate the paraspinal area of the back. A line was drawn perpendicular to the edge. Using the line as a guide, the needles were advanced through the block. Quincke-type needles of 22 and 25 gauge, pencil-type needles of 22 and 25 gauge or Tuohy needles of 17 and 18 gauge were used. Using a block of 6 cm thick, spinal needle was advanced through the introducer with their apertures facing to the same or opposite direction. The deflection from the perpendicular line was measured in mm intervals. RESULTS: Small-gauged and beveled spinal needles had more deflection depending on the block thickness (P < 0.05). However, the deflection of epidural needles was not consistent. When the bevel of the introducer and spinal needle was facing the same direction, the use of an introducer needle decreased the deflection in 22 and 25 G Quicke, and 25 G Whitacre needles (P < 0.05). When facing each other, the deflection was reduced in all the spinal needles (P < 0.05), and reduced more in the 25 G Quicke needles (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the estimated depth of the spinal canal, needle type, bevel direction, its gauge and the use of an introducer needle, we can take advantage of the deflection phenomenon to reduce post-dural puncture headache and to increase the success rate of a spinal or epidural block.
Needles* ; Post-Dural Puncture Headache ; Spinal Canal

BACKGROUND: The properties of etomidate include hemodynamic stability, minimal respiratory depression, cerebral protection, and rapid recovery. However, its drawbacks include temporary inhibition of steroid synthesis, pain on injection, thrombophlebitis, myoclonus, nausea and vomiting. This study was done to discover the incidence of complications which could be observed during induction and the relationship between these complications and the age, sex and weight of Koreans. METHODS: Induction was done by etomidate 0.3 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. Pain on injection and hiccup were checked as present or absent. Myoclonus was checked as absent, mild, or severe. RESULTS: The incidence of pain on injection, hiccup and myoclonus were 4%, 10%, and 40% (mild 28%, severe 12%) respectively. There was no association between pain on injection and hiccup or myoclonus. Hiccup and myoclonus had some association (Gamma 0.774). Logistic regression revealed that there was no association between pain on injection or hiccup, and sex, age or weight. Myoclonus had some association with age and weight. The occurrence of myoclonus could be estimated by the following equation. log[ Fj(x) / { 1 Fj(x) } ] = aj 0.061 age 0.019 weight j = 1, 2 As age or weight increased, the myoclonus was more likely to fall at the low end (i.e., absence). CONCLUSIONS: The incidences of the pain on injection, hiccup and myoclonus were 4%, 10% and 40% respectively. The hiccup and the myoclonus had some positive association. The occurrence of myoclonus decreased as age or weight increased.
Etomidate* ; Hemodynamics ; Hiccup ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Myoclonus ; Nausea ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Thrombophlebitis ; Vecuronium Bromide ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Preservation of antigen determinants while retaining morphological detail is prerequisite for high quality immunohistochemistry. Conventional formalin fixation and paraffin embedding procedures are useful in preserving tissue architecture and cytologic detail. However, they destroy the antigenicity of many proteins is tissue samples. On the other hand, fresh frozen section preserve the antigenicity of most proteins, but vield poor morphological preservation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the AMeX method as to the ability to preserve both antigenicity and morphologic details of the skin basement membrane zone so that precise localization of antigens can be attained in immunohistochemistry. METHODS: Tissues were fixed in acetone at -20degrees C over night, then cleared in methyl benzoate and xylene, consecutively, and embedded in ordinary paraffin at 58-60degrees C. Sections made from this paraffinembedded tissue were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for a morphologic study and immunolabelled with antibodies against major basement membrane antigens to evaluate antigenic preservation. The staining intensity and preservation of the morphology by the AMeX method were compared with conventional formalin processed tissues and frozen tissues. RESULTS: Morphological preservation of the AMeX method-processed sections was good throughout the epidermis, basement membrane, and dermis, and as good as that of routinely formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. Frozen sections usually revealed revealed various degrees of damage by ice crystal formation throughout the epidermis to the dermis. The AMeX method-processed sections showed better or same antigenic preservation comparing the frozen sections when the sections were immunolabelled with specific monoclonal antibodies. But, when the sections were immunolabelled with patient's sera, the AMex method showed less antigenic preservation than the frozed sections. The anti-type IV collagen monoclonal antibody exhibited immunoreactivity only conventional formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin sections, but the intensity of the staining was weaker than the AMeX processed sections and the frozen sections. CONCLUSION: The AMeX method can be utilized for the demonstration of skin basement membrane antigens and is superior to the fresh-frozen method in that the histologic figures are more distinct and antigencity can be preserved for a long time.
Acetone* ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Basement Membrane* ; Benzoates* ; Collagen ; Dermis ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Epidermis ; Formaldehyde ; Frozen Sections ; Hand ; Hematoxylin ; Ice ; Immunohistochemistry ; Paraffin ; Paraffin Embedding ; Skin* ; Xylenes*

BACKGORUND: in spinal anesthesia, we usually walk over the interspinous space with a repetitive insertion-withdrawal-redirection-advance chain, which is annoying and time consuming, let alone the discomfort of patients. The aim of this study was to offer a guideline for the optimal point and angle of needle insertion performing spinal anesthesia and to strengthen the basis of the practice of spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Twenty men were evaluated for this study. While in a head-to-knee position, a simple X-ray was taken and L2-3, L3-4, and L4-5 interspaces were measured. Two tangential lines were drawn between the upper and lower spinous process and the points where these two lines meet the skin were marked. The perpendicular line from the most prominent point of the spinous process to the skin was checked(S). The distances from S to the cephalic point of the tangential line (D1) and to the caudal point of the tangential line (D2) were measured. Perpendicular lines were drawn on the point where tangential lines meet skin and the angles between perpendicular lines and tangential lines were measured (A1, A2). RESULTS: Mean distance (MD, [D2-D1] / 2) and mean angle (MA, [A1+A2] / 2) were calculated as 3.59+/-0.64cm, 11.9+/-4.75 for L2-3, 3.72+/-0.50 cm, 11.18+/-1.65degree for L3-4, and 3.71+/-0.61cm, 11.03+/-4.95degree for L4-5 (mean+/-SD). CONCLUSiONS: At any lumbar level, we could approach the interspinous space from the insertion point of 3.6-3.7cm caudal from the spinous process and with the angle of the cephalic direction of about 11-12degree optimally. it can be the guideline for the insertion of the needle in spinal anesthesia and we can get some safe margins for insertion from the measured data.
Anesthesia, Spinal ; Humans ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male* ; Needles* ; Radiography ; Skin ; Spinal Puncture* ; Young Adult*

Behcets disease is a chronic systemic disease of unknown etiology, which is characterized by the recurrent orogenital ulcers, eye involvement and skin manifestations. In addition to the major symptoms, it includes arthritis, vasculitis, neurologic manifestations and gastrointestinal lesions. We report a case of Behcets disease associated with intestinal ulcers. The patient, a 45-year-old female, who had been treated under the diagnosis of Behcets disease for 4 years, presented with swallowing difficulty, vaginal discharge and persistent right lower abdominal pain. Colonoscopic examination showed multiple ulcers on the ileocecal region which is reported as the most common site of gastrointestinal Behcets disease. Gastrointestinal evaluation can be useful in diagnosis of Behcets disease, especially in a patient with gastrointestinal symptoms.
Abdominal Pain ; Arthritis ; Deglutition ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Skin Manifestations ; Ulcer* ; Vaginal Discharge ; Vasculitis

No abstract available.
Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis*

Effect of Enoxacin (Flumark), an oral pyridone carboxylic acid, in the urinary tract infection was evaluated clinically and susceptibility of 292 strains of microorganism isolated from urine to the various antimicrobial agents was tested and compared. Thirty six patients with urinary tract infection were given with 300 to 600mg of Enoxacin daily for 7 to 14 days according to severity of urinary tract infection. The clinical symptoms and urinary findings improved in 30 patients (83.3%) and no clinical response was achieved in 6 patients (16.7%), but revealing 100% response in 9 patients of acute uncomplicated cystitis. In the antimicrobial susceptibility test, Enoxacin was much superior to aminoglycoside, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Serratia spp., Enterobacter spp. and other Pseudomonas spp.. Enoxacin is a very effective and safe antimicrobial agent in treatment of the urinary tract infection.
Anti-Infective Agents ; Cystitis ; Enoxacin ; Enterobacter ; Humans ; Pseudomonas ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Serratia ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*