No abstract available.
Penicillins* ; Pneumonia* ; Sepsis* ; Streptococcus pneumoniae* ; Streptococcus*

No abstract available.
Penicillins* ; Pneumonia* ; Sepsis* ; Streptococcus pneumoniae* ; Streptococcus*

Low glycemic index (GI) foods have been reported to be very important in the control of blood glucose levels in diseases such as diabetes mellitus and obesity, which are becoming more prevalent in Korea. Bread consumption at breakfast and as a snack is also on the rise. To provide low GI alternatives, breads supplemented with dietary fibersfructooligosaccharide (FOS), ground whole rye, and 2 types of resistance starch (RS2 and RS4)-were developed. The GIs for these breads were evaluated with 13 healthy college students (M6, F7) and sensory tests were done. Four kinds of breads were made through the modification of a basic recipe for white bread (the control, B) as follows: for Bf, the entire amount of sugar was replaced with FOS. For Ryef, 50% of the white wheat flower was replaced with roughly ground wholerye (20 mesh: 12-20 mesh = 1 : 3) in addition to replacing sugar with FOS. For RS2f and RS4f, 20% of the white wheat flower was replaced with RS2 or RS4, in addition to replacing sugar with FOS. The overall preference score of Bf was similar to that of B, while those of Ryef, RS2f and RS4f were lower than that of B, but showed the acceptable degree of the overall preference. The glycemic indices of Ryef and RS2f were 46.1 and 45.9 respectively, which were significantly lower than the GI of B, 67.8. The GIs of Bf and RS4f were, however, 66.7 and 80.5 respectively, showing no significant difference compared to B. The glycemic loads for a 30 g serving were 9.5, 5.9, 6.2, 11.0 and 9.0 for B, Bf, Ryef, RS2f and RS4f, respectively. In conclusion, addition of RS2 or roughly ground whole rye to the dough formula significantly lowered the GI. Since the preferences shown for those two breads were acceptable, they may be recommended as a substitute for white bread for persons who need blood glucose management. More studies on the bread making process are required to improve preference and acceptance. Although GI lowering effects for F and RS4 were not found in this study, further studies are needed to verify their effects.
Blood Glucose ; Bread* ; Breakfast ; Edible Grain* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Flowers ; Glycemic Index* ; Humans ; Korea ; Obesity ; Secale* ; Snacks ; Starch* ; Triticum

OBJECTIVES: The attentional deficit is a core symptom in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The major brain areas related to attention are frontal and parietal lobes. Abnormalities of frontal and parietal lobes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have been reported in previous researches. But, most of the researches are based on comparing patients and controls while they are in resting condition. Further research on funtional changes related to performance of attentional task is needed to understand the attentional dysfuntion in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In this study, the localized functional changes of the brains related to attentional task in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the differences of them between patients and normal controls were examined. Also the effect of the methylphenidate on functional changes related to attentional task in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was examined. METHOD: Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) was applied to examine the fuctional changes related to attentional task. Subjects of this study consisted of 20 patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 20 controls who were matched age, sex, handedness, intelligence. QEEG was recorded on eye open resting condition, and on performing computerized attentional task. In cases of patients, after taking of methylphenidate, QEEG was recorded on both conditions. RESULTS: 1)In attention test, normal controls had better scores in response time and variabilities of response time than those of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder without taking methylphenidate. After taking medication, scores of omission, response time and variabilities of response time were significantly improved, comparing to scores without taking medication. No differences were recognized between the controls and patients with taking medication in scores of attention test. 2)In resting condition, spectral EEG revealed baseline activity levels of patients were significantly increased comparing to those of controls. 3)Analysis of delta wave revealed that amplitudes of controls were significantly elevated in parieto-occipital area during performance of attentional task. But in patients, localized activated area related to attentional task was not remarkable. 4)Theta activity of controls were significantly elevated in right frontal, right temporal, and both parieto-occipital areas during performance of attentional task. But in patients without taking medication, localized activated area related to attentional work was not remarkable. After taking medication, right frontal, right temporal, and both parieto-occipital areas were significantly activated. 5)Alpha activities of controls were significantly increased in parieto-occipital area during performance of attentional task, but those of patients without taking medication were increased in broad area. 6)Beta activities of controls were significantly increased in frontal area during attentional performance, but those of patients without taking medication were significantly increased in most of the brain areas. After taking medication, significantly increased activities related to attentional task were recognized in left frontal, and both temporal areas. Localized activated patterns similar to those of controls were recognized. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have increased baseline brain activity. In controls, brains showed localized response to a attentional stimuli, and functional changes related to attentional stimuli were recognized in frontal, and parieto-occipital areas. But, patients failed in showing appropriate localized activated response to attentional stimuli. It is concluded that frontal and parieto-occipital areas have some deficit responsible for the attentional dysfunction of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Brain ; Electroencephalography ; Frontal Lobe ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Methylphenidate ; Parietal Lobe ; Reaction Time

Background: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are often associated with delayed myelopathy. Surgical treatment of delayed myelopathy following an OVCF comprises spinal canal decompression and stable fixation of the vertebral column with an acceptable sagittal alignment. However, such surgical methods are not usually feasible because of medical comorbidities and osteoporosis. We devised a novel, simple technique to decompress the spinal canal and reconstruct the middle column by translating the fractured vertebral body anteriorly through a posterior approach and verified the validity of the new technique. Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective study. Patients who underwent vertebral body anterior translation (VBaT) between 2014 and 2017 due to delayed myelopathy after OVCFs were included. Through a posterior approach, discs between the fractured vertebra and the adjacent vertebrae were released. The fractured vertebra was translated anteriorly with pedicle screws and rods to realign the middle column. Radiological and functional improvement was analyzed. Results: There were 12 consecutive patients. The mean age was 70.3 ± 9.4 years. There were 8 female and 4 male patients. Follow-up period was 35.9 ± 13.1 months. Nine patients had pedicle screw augmentation with polymethyl methacrylate. The mean number of fusion segments was 3.4 (range, 2–4). There were 3 types of spinal canal invasion. Five patients had vertebral body vacuum clefts with posterior wall fractures. Five patients had vertebral body angulation with endplate protrusion. Two patients had 3 column fractures. In radiological analysis, the regional kyphotic angle was 35.1° ± 9.1° preoperatively and improved to 8.8° ± 6.8° postoperatively and 9.8° ± 6.1° at the final follow-up (p < 0.001). The anterior vertebral body height ratio was 27.6% ± 7.0% preoperatively and improved to 80.5% ± 13.7% postoperatively and 83.7% ± 12.5% at the final follow-up (p < 0.001). The spinal canal invasion ratio was 52.6% ± 9.1% preoperatively and improved to 25.2% ± 10.4% postoperatively (p < 0.001). Neurological deficit was improved in all patients by 1–3 grades according to Nurick’s grading system. Conclusions In delayed myelopathy following an OVCF, although the posterior cortex invades the spinal canal, it is usually already in the union state. Therefore, it can bear compression force as a middle column if realigned to be in line with the adjoining vertebrae. VBaT demonstrated satisfactory reduction of kyphosis and maintenance of stability until the last follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been known to reduce early mortality and morbidity. Diabetes Mellitus is a significant risk factor for adverse early and late outcomes after CABG. We compared the clinical results of off-pump CABG versus on-pump CABG in diabetes patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 682 patients (424 off-pump CABG and 258 on-pump CABG) underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting between January 2001 and June 2003. Data were collected 242 patient who had diabetes. Among them, 154 patients underwent off-pump CABG and 90 patients underwent on-pump CABG. We analyzed the preoperative risk factors and postoperative results between 2 groups. RESULT: Two groups did not show statistical differences in age, sex, coronary and operative risk factors. Operative time was significantly shorter in off-pump CABG, however, number of grafts was fewer in off-pump CABG. Postoperative inotropic usage was lower in off-pump CABG. Postoperative CK-MB level was lower in off-pump CABG, and ICU stay and ventilation time was significantly shorter in off-pump CABG. However, there was no statistical difference between 2 groups in operative mortality, reoperation rate, perioperative myocardial infarction, wound infection, renal failure, neurological complications and hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Off-pump CABG group showed less myocardial damage and early recovery. We concluded that off-pump CABG is the more reasonable technique in diabetes patients although two techniques showed good results. The long-term follow up and prospective study may be warranted.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Operative Time ; Renal Insufficiency ; Reoperation ; Risk Factors ; Transplants ; Ventilation ; Wound Infection

PURPOSE: To maintain the homeostasis of stem cells and prevent their ability to initiate tumorigenesis, it is important to identify and modify factors that prevent or accelerate stem cell senescence. We used microarrays to attempt to identify such factors in human amniotic fluid (HAF)-derived stem cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To identify gene expression changes over a time course, we compared gene expression profiles of HAF-derived stem cells in different passages (1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th) using a Sentrix Human illumina microarray. RESULTS: Of the 25,804 genes in the microarray chip, 1,970 showed an over 2-fold change relative to the control (the 1st passage)-either upregulated or downregulated. Quantitative real-time PCR validated the microarray data for selected genes: markedly increased genes were CXCL12, cadherin 6 (CDH6), and folate receptor 3 (FOLR3). Downregulated genes included cyclin D2, keratin 8, insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), natriuretic peptide precursor B (NPPB) and cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 (CRABP2). The expression pattern of the selected genes was consistent with the microarray data except for CXCL12 and IGF2. Interestingly, the expression of NPPB was dramatically downregulated along the time course; it was almost completely shut-down by the 10th passage. In contrast, FOLR3 mRNA expression was dramatically increased. CONCLUSION: Taken together, although a function for NPPB and FOLR3 in stem cell senescence has not been reported, our results strongly suggest that NPPB and/or FOLR3 play a significant role in the regulation of stem cell senescence.
Aging ; Amniotic Fluid ; Carrier Proteins ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cyclin D2 ; Female ; Folic Acid ; Gene Expression ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Keratin-8 ; Nitrobenzoates ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Stem Cells ; Transcriptome ; Tretinoin

Trisomy 18, called Edward syndrome, occurs in about 3500-8000 births. It is much more common at conception, with about 95% of cases resulting in spontaneous abortion or stillbirth. Postnatal survival is poor, with the majority of patients dying in early infancy. Characteristic findings include cardiac malformations, mental retardation, growth retardation, a prominent occiput, micrognathia, clenched hands, and rocker-bottom feet, omphalocele. The prenatal sonographic findings of our case include delayed growth, omphalocele, wrist joint fixation, choroid plexus cyst, hydramnios and postnatal gross findings include growth retardation, omphalocele, wirst joint fixation, absence of radius, syndactyly, focal absence of phalanges and flexion deformities of fingers and toes. We report a case of prenatally diagnosed Edward syndrome, which is confirmed by chromosome analysis, with brief review of related literatures.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Choroid Plexus ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fingers ; Foot ; Hand ; Hernia, Umbilical ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Joints ; Parturition ; Polyhydramnios ; Pregnancy ; Radius ; Stillbirth ; Syndactyly ; Toes ; Trisomy ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; Wrist Joint

OBJECTIVE: The Korean Medication Algorithm for the Treatment of Schizophrenia was developed by the extensive review and questionnaires. To evaluate the impact of a history of antipsychotic treatments on clinical response and algorithm application, using the data derived from the feasibility study of the Medication Algorithm for patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: Outcomes of treatment with the Medication Algorithm for 108 schizophrenics up to 4 months are presented. Measures of changes included clinical symptoms, functioning, and side effects. Comparison was done between patients with and without a history of antipsychotic treatments. RESULTS: 100 individuals (with a history=71 ; without a history=29) were analyzed for the comparison. Most of subjects without a history of antipsychotic treatments were administered on risperidone in the initial treatment. When compared with the subjects with a treatment history, the subjects without a history showed better treatment effects on clinical symptoms at the first evaluation. At 4-month, there were similar effects between the two groups except negative symptoms, in which the group with a history showed significantly more improvement than without a history. There were no significant differences in assessment of subjective opinion and well-being to drugs and quality of life, and objective evaluation of drug side effects. Among the subjects with a history, the ones starting with stage 1 showed higher positive symptoms, anxiety scores, and briefer duration of antipsychotic exposure than the ones starting with stage 2 or more advanced. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that despite some limitation, an antipsychotic treatment history may have an impact on application of medication algorithm and these data will be helpful for revision of the Medication Algorithm for the Treatment of Schizophrenia.
Anxiety ; Feasibility Studies ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia