OBJECTIVES: In this paper, we proposed an algorithm for recognizing a rotator cuff supraspinatus tendon tear using a texture analysis based on a histogram, gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and gray level run length matrix (GLRLM). METHODS: First, we applied a total of 57 features (5 first order descriptors, 40 GLCM features, and 12 GLRLM features) to each rotator cuff region of interest. Our results show that first order statistics (mean, skewness, entropy, energy, smoothness), GLCM (correlation, contrast, energy, entropy, difference entropy, homogeneity, maximum probability, sum average, sum entropy), and GLRLM features are helpful to distinguish a normal supraspinatus tendon and an abnormal supraspinatus tendon. The statistical significance of these features is verified using a t-test. The support vector machine classification showed accuracy using feature combinations. Support Vector Machine offers good performance with a small amount of training data. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy are used to evaluate performance of a classification test. RESULTS: From the results, first order statics features and GLCM and GLRLM features afford 95%, 85%, and 100% accuracy, respectively. First order statistics and GLCM and GLRLM features in combination provided 100% accuracy. Combinations that include GLRLM features had high accuracy. GLRLM features were confirmed as highly accurate features for classified normal and abnormal. CONCLUSIONS: This algorithm will be helpful to diagnose supraspinatus tendon tear on ultrasound images.
Classification ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Entropy ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Rotator Cuff ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Subject Headings ; Support Vector Machine ; Tears ; Tendons ; Ultrasonography*

To study the possibility of attraction magnetic forces to expand maxillary arch, we used 2 big adult dogs, 2 small puppies, 1 small adult dog as experiments, and 1 small adult dog as a control. We measured the intercanine width and intermolar width and histologically observed in the suture and cervical and apex region of teeth and took occlusal X-rays to observe separation of suture line in the maxilla. The results were as follows: 1. Expansion velocities of intercanine (0.25mm/day) and intermolar widths (0.23mm/day) in puppies were faster than those (0.135mm/day, 0.09mm/day) in adults. 2. In all experiments in adults (0.135mm/day) and puppies (0.25mm/day), expansion velocity of intercanine widths were faster than those (0.09mm/day, 0.23mm/day) of intermolar width. 3. In all experiments ectatic changes were observed and cellularities of fibroblast increased in the suture line. Only in adults dogs the separations of palatal suture were observed in the occlusal X-ray view. 4. In the puppies bony deposition was particularly observed in the suture line and micro-bony fragments were often observed. 5. In the all experiments no root resorption was observed in the cervical and root area, but normal root resorption due to eruption of permanent teeth was observed in the puppies.
Adult ; Animals ; Dogs ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Palatal Expansion Technique* ; Root Resorption ; Sutures ; Tooth

In order to evaluate whether Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST) could be used to detect the vulnerability markers of schizophrenia, three groups such as offsprings of schizophrenic patients(n=28), offsprings of alcoholic patients(n=18), and offsprings of psychiatrically normal persons(n=41) were examined for their concept formation and abstract thinking by means of WCST.The results were as follows; 1) No significant differences were noted in all variables of the WCST such as number of totol administered trials, total correct response %,total error response $,perseverative response %,perseverative error response %,nonperseverative error response %,conceptual level response %,number of completed category,number of trials to complete 1st category,number of failure to maintain a set,and learning to learn among three groups. 2) There was no difference in the number of cases with extreme low WCST total correct % of lower 10% of the normal controls among three groups. These results suggest that Wcst could be an ineffective instrument for using to detect the vulnerability markers of schizophrenia.
Alcoholics ; Concept Formation ; Humans ; Learning ; Schizophrenia ; Thinking ; Wisconsin*

BACKGROUND: For the diagnosis or evaluation of airway obstruction in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive lung disorders, various parameters derived from the forced expiratory volume curve and maximal expiratory flow volume cutie have been used. Recently the peak expiratory flow(PEF) measured by the peak flow meter is widely used because of its simplicity and convenience. But there were still no data of the predicted normal values measured by the peak flow meter in Korea. This study was to obtain the predicted normal value of PEF and to know the accuracy of this value 18 predict FEV1. METHOD: The measurements of PEF by the MiniWright peak flow meter and several parameters derived from the forced expiratory volume and maximal expiratory flow volume curves by the Microspiro HI 501(Chest Co.) were done in 129 men and 125 women without previous history of the respiratory diseases. The predicted normal values of parameters according tc the age and the height were obtained, and the regression equation of FEV1 by PEF was calculated. RESULTS: The predicted normal values of PEF(L/min) were 2.45 Age(year)+1.36 Height(cm)+427 in men and -0.96 Age(year)+2.01 Height(cm)+129 in women. FEFmax derived from the maximal expiratory flow volume cutie was less than by 125 L/min in men art 118 L/min in women respectively compared to PEF. FEV,(ml) predicted by PEF was 5.98 PEF(L/min) 303 in men and 4.61 PEF(L/min) 291 in women respectively. CONCLUSION: The predicted normal value of PEF measured by the peak flow meter was calculated and it could be used as a standard value of PEF while taking care of patients with airway obstruction FEV1, the gold standard of ventilatory function could be predicted by PEF to a certain extent.
Airway Obstruction ; Asthma ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Male ; Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves ; Reference Values

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic Ultrasonography(EUS), a combination of endoscopy and ultrasonography is one of the most useful tools for diagnosis of digestive system diseases. EUS is useful in staging the primary tumor invasion and regional lymph node metastasis because of its ability to image the gut wall and adjacent structures in unique detail. We performed a study preoperatively for assessing the accuracy and limitation of EUS in gastric carcinoma. METHODS: In 75 patients(Male 54, Female 21, Mean age 62.3 years) with a gastric carcinoma confirmed by endoscopic biopsy, we performed EUS preoperatively. The results were compared with the postoperative histopathologic staging. RESULTS: 1) In assessing the depth of tumor invasion, EUS accuracy on depth of invasion was 76.0% and overstaging and understaging were 14.7% and 9.3%, respectively. 2) In assessing the lymph node metastasis, the accuracy rate of EUS was 65.3%. A rate of false-positive diagnosis was 27.3%, and a rate of false-negative diagnosis was 24.5%.3) In assessing the incidence of lymph node metastasis for each T stage, the involve rate was 10.5% in pT1, 36.4% in pT2, 95.7% in pT3, 100% in pT4. CONCLUSIONS: EUS is the most accurate diagnostic methods presently available to determine tumor infiltration depth and lymph node metastasis.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Digestive System Diseases ; Endoscopy ; Endosonography* ; Esophagus* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intestines* ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Stomach* ; Ultrasonography

Asthma is characterized by bronchial wall inflammation, airway hyperactivity, and variable degrees of reversible airflow obstruction resulting in wheezing, dyspnea, and coughing. Elderly patients with asthma have a high morbidity and mortality in the perioperative period. In an asthmatic attack, if appropriate therapeutic and preventive measures are not instituted, it can result in severe complications. A 76-year-old male who was scheduled for cataract surgery had a history of bronchial asthma. After the operation, the patient complained of dyspnea at rest and tachycardia and breath sounds bilaterally were decreased with wheezing. To relieve the asthmatic attack, O2 mask ventilation, aminophylline 4 mg/kg, IV and a ventolin nebulizer were applied. However, 30 min after the asthmatic attack, SpO2 dropped to 50 - 60% and stuporous mentality appeared. We report an acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary edema after an asthma attack in a patient undergoing cataract surgery.
Aged ; Albuterol ; Aminophylline ; Anesthesia, Local* ; Asthma ; Cataract* ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Masks ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Perioperative Period ; Pulmonary Edema ; Respiratory Sounds ; Stupor ; Tachycardia ; Ventilation

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lung*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lung*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Electrohydraulic lithotrypsy(EHL) under cholangioscopic control has been performed for difficult bile duct stones. The percutaneous transhepatic approach is technically easy and useful in diagnosis and treatment of bile duct obstruction and stones. Biliary stenting with self expanding metal stent is gaining increasingly wider acceptance as a palliative treatment of bile duct obstruction. METHODS: Between Sep. 1994 and Sep. 1996, EHL under choledochoscopy by percutaneous transhepatic approach was performed in 30 cases(Male: 13, Female: 17). After PTBD with 7F pig tail catheter, the percutaneous transhepatic passage was dilated over guide wire with dilaters of increasing size up to 16Fr in 3-Sdays. In one week, after fistula had been estabilished, choledochoscopy was performed. RESULTS: (1) Mean age was 61.3 years. Mean stone number was 2.5. And mean stone size was 1.6 X 2.3 cm. (2) Com.plete removal of the stone was achieved in all patients(100%). (3) There were no serious complications. (4) In six cases, Endocoils were implanted with successful decompression of obstructions and simultaneous removal of biliary stones located at both side of stricutre. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopy is easy and safe and assists in the diagnosis and treatment of biliary stricture and the management of difficult CBD stone.
Bile Ducts ; Catheters ; Cholestasis ; Common Bile Duct* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fistula ; Humans ; Palliative Care ; Stents

Recently, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory efficacy of bee venom (BV, Apis mellifera) has been confirmed in rodent models of inflammation and arthritis. Interestingly, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of whole BV can be reproduced by two water-soluble fractions of BV (>20 kDa:BVAF1 and<10 kDa: BVAF3). Based on these scientific findings, BV and its effective water-soluble fractions have been proposed as potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive pharmaceuticals. While BV's anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties have been well documented, there have been no careful studies of potential, side effects of BV and its fractions when administered in the therapeutic range (BV, 5 microgram/kg; BVAF1, 0.2 microgram/kg: BVAF3, 3 microgram/kg; subcutaneous or intradermal). Such information is critical for future clinical use of BV in humans. Because of this paucity of information, the present study was designed to determine the general pharmacological/physiological effects of BV and its fractions administration on the rodent central nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal system. Subcutaneous BV and its fractions treatment did not produce any significant effects on general physiological functions at the highest dose tested (200-fold and 100-fold doses higher than that used clinically, respectively) except writhing test. These results demonstrate that doses of BV or BV subfractions in the therapeutic range or higher can be used as safe antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory agents.
Analgesics/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*pharmacology ; Bee Venoms/*pharmacology ; Cardiovascular System/*drug effects ; Central Nervous System/*drug effects ; Digestive System/*drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiratory System/*drug effects