No abstract available.
Osteotomy* ; Rabbits*

No abstract available.
Osteotomy* ; Rabbits*

No abstract available.
Palate, Hard* ; Salivary Ducts* ; Salivary Glands, Minor*

OBJECTIVE: Bacteroides fragilis, normal colonic inhabitant, is the most frequently isolated anaerobes in infected tissues, particularly in intraabdominal abscesses. In the acute infection model with abscesses, the response to B. fragilis infection is characterized by infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. This study was designed to determine whether proinflammatory cytokines could be upregulated in peritoneal tissue of B. fragilis-infected mouse model. METHODS: After C57BL/6 mice were infected with abscess-inducing encapsulated B. fragilis, RNA was extracted from the intraperitoneal tissues. Cellular RNA was also extracted from mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after infection with B. fragilis. Expression of various cytokine mRNA was assessed using RT-PCR and standard RNA. Each cytokine protein was also measured by ELISA. RESULTS: B. fragilis-infected intraperitoneal tissues showed upregulated expression of IL-1u, IL-6 and TNFu mRNA. Expression of IL-1u and TNFu mRNA and protein was significantly higher in MPM or PBMC infected with B. fragilis than in those without infection. However, expression of IL-6 mRNA and protein was not increased in MPM or PBMC infected with B. fragilis compared with those without infection. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the cytokines can be involved in immunopathologic reactions of the peritoneal tissue infected with B. jragilis.
Abscess ; Animals ; Bacteroides fragilis* ; Bacteroides* ; Colon ; Cytokines ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; Macrophages ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; Mice* ; Neutrophils ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger

Measurement of bone mineral density(BMD) of the spine may be affected by the presence of various factors such as osteophytes, osteosclerosis and spinal deformity, particularly in elderly persons. Therefore the accurate evaluation for osteoporosis is difficult in osteoarthritic spine and until now no technique can evaluate true mineral density of the osteoarthritic spine. So we performed this study to evaluate the effect of osteoarthritic changes of the spine on the BMD and various BMD values such as young-adult% and age-matched%. Additionally we evaluated the diagnostic value of the Singhs index in the advanced osteoporotic spine. We reviewed 50 patients with advanced osteoporosis of the spine retrospectively and they were divided into two groups; one consisted of 22 patients with osteoporosis alone and the other consisted of 28 patients with osteoporosis and osteoarthritic change on the spine. The measured mean BMD value in AP plane and that expressed in relation to reference data for young adults(young-adult%) of the patients with arthritic and osteoporotic spine were significantly higher than those of the patients with osteoporosis alone. On the other hand, values expressed in relation to the age and sex matched mean reference data(age-matched%) were not significantly higher in group of patients with osteoporosis and osteoarthritic change, and Singh s index was not diagnostic for the osteoporosis of the spine. But young-adult% were significantly lower than agematched% even in the osteoarthritic group. We concluded that young-adult% is mare useful value for diagnosis of the advanced osteoporosis in the osteoarthritic spine.
Aged ; Bone Density* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Hand ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis* ; Osteophyte ; Osteoporosis ; Osteosclerosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine*

OBJECTIVES: lschemic acute renal failure(ARF) is characterized by an abrupt and sustained decline in GFR within minutes to days after renal ischemia and not immediately reversed on restoration of renal blood flow. The typical delay of a few days to a few weeks suggests reversible parenchymal damage awaiting cell regeneration for functional recovery. Many potentially cell damaging factors, such as ATP depletion, plasma membrane phospholipid degradatian and superoxide-induced membrane damage, play a central part in ischemic injury. More recently, much attention has been focused on the role of calcium, especially ischemic cell injury and the possible therapeutic role of calcium channel blockers emerged from studies conducted several years ago. In the past, it was thought that activation of renin-angiotensin system plays a role in the pathogenesis of ARF. Now the role of angiotensin in human renal ischemia also appears to be controversial. The following study was done in order to investigate the effect of a calcium channel blocker, nifedipine, on gene expression of renin during acute ischemic renal injury. METHODS: The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups, group I(n=3) as the control, group II (n=3) as the sham operation group, group III(n=15) as the ischemic renal injury group without nifedipine pretreatment, and group IV(n=15) as the ischemic renal injury model by right nephrectomy and left renal artery clamping for 40 minutes with systemic nifedipine pretreatment(10mg/kg), 1n ischemic renal injury model(group III and IV), rats were further divided into three subgroups according to reperfusion time of 1,24,72 hours. The non-ischemic right kidney removed at the time of initial procedure served as paired control. Total renal RNA was extracted by Chomczynskis method and electrophoresis was done in a 1% agarose gel containing 2,2M formaldehyde. Northern was performed at 42degrees C with isotope labeled renin probe for 18 hours, Autoradiographs were obtained and quantitated by a densitometer measured at 530nm. RESULTS: 1) The expression of renin gene was markedly decreased after renal ischemia and slowly recovered to one half of the control level after 72 hours of reperfusion. 2) Renin gene expression pattern of ischemic renal injury with prior nifedipine treatment was similar to the ischemic group without nifedipine pretreatment. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the renin gene expression was markedly decreased after renal ischemia and slowly recovered. Systemic nifedipine pretreatment does not have a significant effect on gene expression pattern of renin in ischemic renal injury.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Angiotensins ; Animals ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; Calcium Channels* ; Calcium* ; Cell Membrane ; Constriction ; Electrophoresis ; Formaldehyde ; Gene Expression* ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Kidney ; Membranes ; Nephrectomy ; Nifedipine ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration ; Renal Artery ; Renal Circulation ; Renin* ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Reperfusion ; RNA ; Sepharose

No abstract available.
Child ; Epilepsy ; Humans

PURPOSE: Levetiracetam hasa been used in adjuvant therapy. It has also been used in monotherapy in other countries and therefore, we also studied the effect and efficacy of Levetiracetam monotherapy. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the types of epilepsy, EEG, and drug dosage. We studied 101 epilepsy children treated by Levitiracetam monotherapy who had visited our hospital from August 2007 to July 2009. RESULTS: Participants were aged one month to 20 years. The mean age of Levetiacetam therapy was initially 11+/-4 years (from 3 years to 21 years), and the type of epilepsy was partial in 57.4% and generalized in 42.6%. The mean dose I initially began at 6+/-4 mg/kg/day (from 2 mg/kg/day to 30 mg/kg/day) with a mean final dose of 30+/-8 mg/kg/day (from 6 mg/kg/day to 60 mg/kg/day), a mean duration of therapy of 21+/-11months, and a duration of therapy ranging from one to 38months. Further, 60.3% of patients became seizure free and 96.9% exhibited at least a 50% reduction in seizure over a 12 month period. Side effects included behavioral change (8), asthenia (2), cognitive change (1), rash (2), headache (5), inadequate seizure control (2), and increased seizure (5). Levetiracetam was discontinued due to inadequate seizure control (2), increased seizure (5) and side effects (2). CONCLUSION: We studied the efficacy and tolerability of monotherapy of Levetiracetam and found that it was effective and tolerable in monotherapy for epilepsy.
Aged ; Anticonvulsants ; Asthenia ; Child ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Exanthema ; Headache ; Humans ; Piracetam ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: Febrile seizures with ischemic encephalopathy were not mainly studied in children. Selected children with febrile seizures and ischemic encephalopathy were studied to evaluate the risk factors of developmental delay and epilepsy. METHODS: Nine children with febrile seizures and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the risk factors of epilepsy and developmental delay. RESULTS: Nine patients with atypical febrile seizures have multiple ischemic lesions in the brain MRI. The average gestational period was 38 weeks. Four children have minor perinatal problems. Among them, 3 children were born as premature and one received ventilator care because of respiratory distress syndrome. The types of seizures were generalized seizures except two who showed partial type seizures. There were two cases of status epilepticus. During follow-ups, 3 children showed delayed development and academic difficulties. One patient were treated by antiepileptic drugs becuase of epilepsy during follow-up and one took valproic acid because of repeated atypical febrile convulsions. CONCLUSION: Even though the number of the patients is guiet small, continous follow-ups of seizures and developmental status are needed in children with atypical febrile seizures with multifocal ischemic encephalopathy.
Anticonvulsants ; Brain ; Brain Ischemia ; Child* ; Epilepsy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile* ; Status Epilepticus ; Valproic Acid ; Ventilators, Mechanical