Senile sebaceous hyperplasia refers to a benign enlargement of a normal sebaceous unit which is not uncommon in the old age group, and is characterized clinically by single or multiple small cream to yellowish round papules developed on the face, chiefly on the forehead and cheeks. A case of florid senile sebaceous hyperplasia developed in a 81-year-old man was presented. Because this disorder is one of the geriatric dermatoses and the average life span of our people is remarkably lengthened in recent years, we believe dermatologists should pay more attention to this kind of dermatosis.
Male ; Humans

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is known to modulate bone metabolism, including bone formation and resorption. Because cartilage serves as a template for endochondral bone formation and because cartilage development is initiated by the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes (Ahrens et al., 1977; Sandell and Adler, 1999; Solursh, 1989), it is of interest to know whether COX-2 expression affect chondrocyte differentiation. Therefore, we investigated the effects of COX-2 protein on differentiation in rabbit articular chondrocyte and chick limb bud mesenchymal cells. Overexpression of COX-2 protein was induced by the COX-2 cDNA transfection. Ectopic expression of COX-2 was sufficient to causes dedifferentiation in articular chondrocytes as determined by the expression of type II collagen via Alcian blue staining and Western blot. Also, COX-2 overexpression caused suppression of SOX-9 expression, a major transcription factor that regulates type II collagen expression, as indicated by the Western blot and RT-PCR. We further examined ectopic expression of COX-2 in chondrifying mesenchymal cells. As expected, COX-2 cDNA transfection blocked cartilage nodule formation as determined by Alcian blue staining. Our results collectively suggest that COX-2 overexpression causes dedifferentiation in articular chondrocytes and inhibits chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells.
Animals ; Cartilage, Articular/cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Chondrocytes/*cytology/enzymology ; Chondrogenesis ; Collagen Type II/metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Interleukin-1beta/pharmacology ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/*cytology/enzymology ; Rabbits ; SOX9 Transcription Factor/metabolism

OBJECTIVES: This study is to explore the frequency of basic symptoms and their relationship with current clinical variables in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: Eighty-eight schizophrenic patients diagnosed with SCID were interviewed with the Bonn Scale for the Assessment of Basic Symptom (BSABS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS: Most frequent basic symptoms were related to abnormalities in perception, cognition and stress reactivity. After controlling age effect, number of admission was correlated negatively with cluster 3 (impaired tolerance to normal stress). Onset age was correlated positively with cluster 3 and cluster 4 (disorders of emotion and affect) and total score. Scores of cluster 1 (thought, language, perception, motor disturbances), and cluster 2 (impaired bodily sensations), and total score of BSABS were significantly lower in paranoid type than residual type of schizophrenia. Scores of cluster 1, cluster 2, and total score of BSABS were correlated positively with subscales for positive and negative symptoms and general psychopathology and total score of PANSS. Cluster 3 was correlated positively only with general psychopathology score and cluster 4 with both positive symptoms and general psychopathology score. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that certain basic symptoms aggregate significantly in schizophrenia, especially in paranoid type schizophrenia and that systemic evaluation of basic symptoms can be used for the prediction of onset and progress of schizophrenia.
Age of Onset ; Cognition ; Humans ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia

OBJECTIVES: This study is to explore the frequency of basic symptoms and their relationship with current clinical variables in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: Eighty-eight schizophrenic patients diagnosed with SCID were interviewed with the Bonn Scale for the Assessment of Basic Symptom (BSABS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS: Most frequent basic symptoms were related to abnormalities in perception, cognition and stress reactivity. After controlling age effect, number of admission was correlated negatively with cluster 3 (impaired tolerance to normal stress). Onset age was correlated positively with cluster 3 and cluster 4 (disorders of emotion and affect) and total score. Scores of cluster 1 (thought, language, perception, motor disturbances), and cluster 2 (impaired bodily sensations), and total score of BSABS were significantly lower in paranoid type than residual type of schizophrenia. Scores of cluster 1, cluster 2, and total score of BSABS were correlated positively with subscales for positive and negative symptoms and general psychopathology and total score of PANSS. Cluster 3 was correlated positively only with general psychopathology score and cluster 4 with both positive symptoms and general psychopathology score. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that certain basic symptoms aggregate significantly in schizophrenia, especially in paranoid type schizophrenia and that systemic evaluation of basic symptoms can be used for the prediction of onset and progress of schizophrenia.
Age of Onset ; Cognition ; Humans ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the lip and perioral soft tissue changes after bracket bonding. METHODS: The soft tissue changes in 45 adult patients (age greater than 18 years and less than 29 years) without severe skeletal discrepancy were evaluated using three-dimensional images acquired with a laser scanner before and after bracket bonding was performed using 4 types of labial orthodontic brackets. RESULTS: Among the statistically significant changes in distance observed for the landmarks, the biggest change was observed in forward movement. The landmarks on the lateral sides also showed significant changes. While the landmarks on the upper lip showed significant upward movement, those on the lower lip showed significant downward movement. However, the changes were smaller for the landmarks on the upper lip (average, 0.87 mm) than for the landmarks on the lower lip (average, 1.21 mm). The type of bracket used did not significantly affect the soft tissue changes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings will help predict soft tissue changes after bracket bonding for orthodontic treatment.
Adult ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Lip

BACKGROUND: The number of North Korean adolescent defectors entering South Korea has been increasing. The health behavior, including mental health-related behavior, and factors associated with depression in North Korean adolescent defectors residing in South Korea were investigated. METHODS: Data obtained from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (2011–2014) dataset were utilized. In total, 206 North Korean adolescent defectors were selected, and for the control group, 618 matched South Korean adolescents were selected. Frequency analysis was used to determine the place of birth and nationality of the parents, chi-square tests were used to compare the general characteristics of the North and South Korean subjects, and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to compare the health behavior of the two sets of subjects. To determine the factors associated with depression in the North Korean subjects, a logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: The North Korean adolescents reported higher current smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48 to 4.35), current drinking (aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.99), and drug use rates (aOR, 10.99; 95% CI, 4.04 to 29.88) than did the South Korean adolescents. The factors associated with depression in the North Korean adolescents were current smoking (aOR, 6.99; 95% CI, 1.62 to 30.06), lifetime drinking experience (aOR, 5.32; 95% CI, 1.51 to 18.75), and perceived stress (aOR, 4.74; 95% CI, 1.74 to 12.90). CONCLUSION: There were differences in health behavior between the North and South Korean adolescents. A specialized approach for North Korean adolescent defectors is required to promote proper health behavior and adaptation to South Korean society.
Adolescent* ; Dataset ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea ; Depression* ; Drinking ; Ethnic Groups ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Parents ; Residence Characteristics ; Risk-Taking* ; Smoke ; Smoking

UG0712 is a new ginsenoside extract processed from ginseng leaves. A subchronic toxicity study of UG0712 was conducted in male and female SD rats. Rats were treated with UG0712 at doses of 100, 400 and 1,600 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks, and observed followed by 4-week recovery period at a highest dose. No-treatment-related effects were observed regarding the mortality, ophthalmic examination, urinalysis and histopathology. Although the changes in clinical sign, body weight, organ weight, hematology, and serum biochemistry were observed, they were temporal and pharmacological effects. Based on the present experiment conditions, the no observed adverse effect level was considered to be more than 1,600 mg/kg/day in both sexes of rats.
Animals ; Biochemistry ; Body Weight ; Female ; Hematology ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level ; Organ Size ; Panax* ; Rats* ; Urinalysis

BACKGROUND: In this study, we compared various methods of taxonomic identification of Bacillus strains: biochemical methods, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). We also developed a pathogen- isolate resource database, thus increasing the identification rate when using MALDI-TOF MS. METHODS: Thirty Bacillus strains were obtained from the NCCP (National Culture Collection for Pathogens) and were identified using the VITEK 2 system (bio-Mérieux, France), API kit (bioMérieux, France), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and MALDI-TOF MS. The pathogenicity of Bacillus cereus was confirmed through the identification of virulent genes using a multiplex PCR, and both protein extraction for protein profiling in MALDI-TOF MS and repetitive-sequence fingerprinting were performed. RESULTS: The identification rates at the species level were 40%, 80%, and 76.3% for the VITEK 2 system (bioMérieux), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and MALDI-TOF MS, respectively. When the major spectrum-profiling dendrogram was compared with the phylogenetic tree, which was constructed based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences and rep-PCR fingerprinting, the classifications were confirmed to be effective. CONCLUSION: Identification of Bacillus strains using MALDI-TOF MS was more effective than that using the VITEK 2 system (bioMérieux), but was similar to that using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Continual addition to a proteome-based database can result in increased identification rates for MALDI-TOF MS.
Bacillus cereus ; Bacillus* ; Classification ; Dermatoglyphics ; Genes, rRNA ; Mass Spectrometry* ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Trees ; Virulence

Species identification is an important item to characterize unidentified bacterial pathogens in developing and managing bacterial resources. In this study, unidentified pathogens based on the results of an automated identification system were identified using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALD-TOF MS) and 16S rRNA gene analysis for development of national resources in the National Culture Collection for Pathogens (NCCP) in Korea. A total of 437 unidentified strains from branch banks of the NCCP were collected, and 16S rRNA and dnaJ gene sequencing, as well as MALDI-TOF MS analysis were performed to identify bacterial species. The mass spectra extracted were analyzed. Twelve strains exhibiting less than 98.65% similarity in 16S rRNA gene were selected as the primary candidates for novel species, and 21 strains exhibiting 98.65~99.0% similarity in 16S rRNA gene were selected as possible candidates for novel species. Among them, strain 32, belonging to Dermabacter sp., was finally selected as a possible strain representing a novel species and 14 unidentified bacterial strains using automated phenotypic identification system were newly registered at NCCP. The present study showed that unidentified pathogens using the automated phenotypic identification system were efficiently identified using the combination of MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA gene analysis, and developed to the national resources in NCCP.
Genes, rRNA* ; Korea ; Mass Spectrometry

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that blood transfusions, and especially red blood cells, are associated with potential adverse outcomes. This study was designed to investigate the effects of red blood cell transfusion according to the hematocrit on the clinical outcomes after cardiac surgery. METHODS: The 433 patients who were undergoing cardiac surgery were randomized to two groups. One group was transfused red blood cells with a hematocrit of 20%, and the other group was transfused red blood cells with a hematocrit of 20~25%. The amounts of intraoperative and postoperative transfusion and various parameters of the clinical outcomes were checked. RESULTS: In the hematocrit <20% group, the amount of infused crystalloid during operation was larger than that of the hematocrit >20% group, and the postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit were lower than that of the hematocrit >20% group. But there were no differences of the amounts of intraoperative and postoperative transfusion, the use of inotropics, the platelet count, the prothrombin time (PT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), the extubation time and the ICU stay time between the two groups. CONCLUSION: A hematocrit lower than 20% was tolerated by the cardiac surgical patients and it was not related to the postoperative morbidity and outcomes.
Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Blood Transfusion ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Creatine Kinase ; Creatinine ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Erythrocytes ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Isotonic Solutions ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Platelet Count ; Prothrombin Time ; Thoracic Surgery