No abstract available.
Orbit*

No abstract available.
Angiofibroma*

No abstract available.
Cholesterol* ; Granuloma*

Crypt glandular infection theory is accepted as an explanation of anal fistula's major cause. However, the pathogenesis of an anal fistula in Crohn's disease is different from that of a conventional anal fistula because a Crohn's anal fistula is caused by ulceration which, in turn, is caused by transmural inflammation of the rectal wall due to Crohn's disease. The difficulty with operating on anal fistulas in Crohn's disease lies in the fact that healing of the wound is inhibited because of continuous inflammation of the anorectal tissue due to Crohn's disease. Hence, there is a high possibility of incontinence due to sphincter muscle injury. Especially, because almost all Crohn's disease patients have frequent defecation and diarrhea, the patients will suffer more if incontinence occurs. Nowadays, even with increased understanding of the etiology of Crohn's disease, new medications, and aggressive surgical approaches, the result of treatment is still not satisfactory. Recently, since Korean eating habits have changed to include more western-style food in the diet, inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn's disease, is expected to increase. Consequently, the number of cases of anal fistulas in Crohn's disease is also expected to increase. The authors reviewed 20 confirmed cases of anal fistulas in Crohn's disease, which were treated from January 1993 to December 1995 at Song-Do Colorectal Hospital. The results are as follows: 1) Anal fistulas in Crohn's disease were present in 20(0.6%) of the 3378 cases of anal fistulas treated during the time period considered. 2) The male to female ratio for these 20 cases was 2: 1, and the most Prevalent age group was the 3rd decade, followed by the 2nd decade, the 4th decade, and the 5th decade in that order. 3) Three cases of anal fistulas whose origins could be explained by crypt glandular infection theory and which did not involve the rectum healed, although the healing was delayed. 4) Seventeen cases of anal fistulas whose origins could not be explained by crypt glandular infection theory and which involved the rectum did not heal after the operation. he results of the study show that anal fistulas whose origins can be explanined by crypt glandular infection theory and which do not involve the rectum can be cured by conventional fistula surgery. However, perirectal fistulas whose origins can not be explained by crypt glandular infection theory and which involve the rectum do not heal. Because there is the possibility of incontinence after a conventional operation, it is suggested that, in the cases of perirectal fistulas in Crohn's disease, better results, although not completely satisfactory, can be obtained by long-term seton drainage and diversion colostomy.
Colostomy ; Crohn Disease* ; Defecation ; Diarrhea ; Diet ; Drainage ; Eating ; Female ; Fistula ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Male ; Rectal Fistula* ; Rectum ; Ulcer ; Wounds and Injuries

The word "Delayed" in the legend of Figure 2 should have been written as "Controls."

No abstract available.
Rhinoplasty*

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the economic loss due to the diagnosis of breast cancer within the female South Korean working-age population. A population-based cost analysis was performed for cancer-related diagnoses between 1999 and 2014, using respective public government funded databases. Among the five most common cancers, breast cancer mortality was strongly associated with the growth in gross domestic product between 1999 and 2014 (R=0.98). In the female population, breast cancer represented the greatest productivity loss among all cancers, which was a consequence of the peak in the incidence of breast cancer during mid-working age in the working-age population, in addition to being the most common and fastest growing cancer among South Korean women. Our study shows that breast cancer not only represents a significant disease burden for individual patients, but also contributes a real, nonnegligible loss in productivity in the South Korean economy.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Diagnosis ; Efficiency ; Employment ; Epidemiology* ; Female* ; Financial Management ; Gross Domestic Product ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Quality of Life

BACKGROUND: Doxylamine, an antihistamine with sleep inducing property, is the most commonly intoxicated drug in the urban ED. This drug is relatively safe but is known to induce rhabdomyolysis in rare occasion. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of rhabdomyolysis after doxylamine overdose and prognostic factors that contributes to this complication. METHOD: This study was conducted from 26 patients admitted to our hospital after doxylamine intoxication during the period from April 1999 to June 1999. Using the protocol made beforehand, the amount ingested, past history, laboratory results were recorded. Rhabdomyolysis was defined as serum myoglobin over 300 ng/mL or serum creatine phosphokinase(CK) over 1,000 IU/L. Data were analyzed using SPSS program with t-test, Fisher's exact test and discriminant analysis. RESULTS: The rhabdomyolysis was diagnosed in 57.7% of patients. The amount ingested per body weight, prehospital vomiting and low arterial pCO2 predicted occurrence of rhabdomyolysis. The sensitivity of serum CK and myoglobin were 67% and 80% respectively and specificity was 100% for both. The diagnosis was possible for CK after an average of 14hr 20min time after ingestion and 8hr 12min for myoglobin. CONCLUSION: Rhabdomyolysis is a common complication of doxylamine intoxication and if the amount ingested was more than 1 tablet(25mg) per body weight, the incidence of rhabdomyolysis was higher. So, CK measurement after 14 hour postingestion and myoglobin after 8 hour is recommended to decide whether rhabdomyolysis occur.
Body Weight ; Creatine ; Diagnosis ; Doxylamine* ; Eating ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Myoglobin ; Rhabdomyolysis* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vomiting

Dental Occlusion ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mandibular Fractures ; Medical Records ; Molar ; Molar, Third ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

A case of Aicardi syndrome with cleft lip and palate was experienced at the Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, and the patient's infantile spasm was treated with ACTH. In previous studies, four cases of Aicardi syndrome accompanied by cleft lip and palate were reported. We present the fifth case of Aicardi syndrome with cleft lip and palate in the world. Thus, facial clefts may be found as an occasional manifestation of Aicardi syndrome.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Aicardi Syndrome* ; Cleft Lip* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Palate* ; Pediatrics ; Spasms, Infantile