Objective: Cognitive dysfunction is frequently reported after surgery and anesthesia in elderly patients. This study aims to investigate the incidence of dementia for eight years after anesthesia. Methods: We extracted the data between 2007 and 2020 from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Database. We analyzed risk of developing dementia after anesthesia using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Data were collected from 62,541 patient. Among them, subjects with and without anesthesia were 15,857 and 46,684, respectively. Subjects with anesthesia had more hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipemia than those without anesthesia.The risk of dementia incidence was found to increase 1.7 times in subjects with anesthesia (hazard ratio=1.751, 95% confidence interval=1.596-1.921). Even after the correction for gender, age, and comorbidity, the statistical significance of this risk remained (hazard ratio=1.662, 95% confidence interval=1.512-1.827). Conclusion Our findings suggest that anesthesia possibly contribute on cognitive impairment. Clinician might need closedobservation on cognitive function in patients after surgery and anesthesia.

Objective: The study aimed to analyze and clinically correlate 10-year trends in the demographic characteristics of patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to provide an overview of ECT utilization in South Korea. Methods: Using health insurance claims data from 2008 to 2018 retrieved from Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database in South Korea, we identified individuals undergoing ECT based on procedural codes. Descriptive analysis evaluated baseline clinical characteristics, and trend analysis used a linear regression model. Results: The prevalence of ECT increased by 240.49% (0.405/10 5 inhabitants in 2008 to 0.974/10 5 inhabitants in 2018). The increasing trend was more pronounced in younger and older patients. The proportion of women consistently exceeded that of men. A rise in the proportion of patients with affective disorders, and a decrease in the proportion of psychotic disorders was observed. More antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics were prescribed to patients undergoing ECT. The proportion of ECT sessions conducted in large hospital inpatient settings also decreased during the observation period. Despite increasing global trends, ECT prevalence in South Korea remains significantly lower than worldwide rates. Conclusion This study demonstrated an increasing trend of ECT across a wide range of population demographics and in more accessible settings. The comparatively low prevalence of ECT in Korea compared to other countries might be attributed to insufficient mental health literacy and the stigma associated with ECT. Given the elevated suicide rates in Korea, more extensive adoption of ECT appears imperative.