No abstract available.
Acoustics* ; Ear, Inner ; Hearing* ; Neuroma, Acoustic* ; Semicircular Canals*

STUDY DESIGN: Case report OBJECTIVES: To report a case of Brown-Séquard syndrome after blunt cervical trauma. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Brown-Séquard syndrome is a rare disease characterized by hemisection of the spinal cord, and it shows the best prognosis of the various types of incomplete spinal cord injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A patient with Brown-Séquard syndrome that occurred after a traffic accident was followed up for 2 years and 6 months. RESULTS: We observed normal recovery of motor strength, but sensory impairment and deep tendon hyperreflexia remained. CONCLUSIONS: Brown-Séquard syndrome is known to have a good prognosis, but in this case, the neurological abnormality did not fully recover; therefore, we report this rare case and present a review of the literature.
Accidents, Traffic* ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Female ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Rare Diseases ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Tendons

A total of 377 pregnant women, 43 pelvic tumor patients and 80 of multiphysic health center persons as controls were examined by indirect latex agglutination test in order to evaluate Toxoplasma antibody titers at Kang-Nam St. Mary's Hospital in Seoul. Throughout this survey, 1:32 or more titers of diluted sera were regarded as positive. The 337 samples of test sera in pregnant women showed negatives in 319 cases (84.6 percent), 1:2 in 44 cases (11.7 percent), 1:4 in 9 cases (2.4 percent), 1:8 in 2 cases (0.5 percent), 1:16 in 1 case (0.3 percent) and 1:32 in 2 cases (0.5 percent) respectively. The 43 samples of test sera in pelvic tumor patients showed negatives in 29 cases (67.4 percent), 1:2 in 8 cases (18.6 percent), 1:4 in 1 case (2.3 percent), 1:16 in 2 cases (4.7 percent), 1:32 in 1 case (2.3 percent) and 1:128 in 2 cases (4.7 percent). The 80 samples of test sera in multiphysic health center persons as controls negatives in 56 cases (70.0 percent), 1:2 in 19 cases (23.8 percent), 1:4 in 3 cases (3.8 percent), 1:8 in 1 case (1.3 percent) and 1:128 in 1 case (1.3 percent). Among total 420 study cases, 5 cases (1.2 percent) showed positives , and they were 2 cases (0.5 percent) of pregnant women and 3 cases (7.0 percent) of pelvic tumor patients. One case (1.3 percent) out of 80 control sera showed positive result.
parasitology-protozoa ; Toxoplasma gondii ; diagnosis ; immunology

No abstract available.
Fetal Blood* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Insulin*

Since 1967 the STA-MCA anastomosis has been popular procedure in neurosurgical operation. The meurosurgical teams at St. Paul's Hospital, Catholic Medical College, recently operated on 8 patients employing 9 times of this technique. The patients were diagnosed as four patients with complete stroke, one with traumatic middle cerebral stenosis, two with moyamoya disease, and one with huge aneurysm at intracavernous portion of ICA. The results were very encouraging of the 8 patients, 7 had favorably improved clinically, and proved by follow-up cerebral angiographies, CT Scanning, EEG or MEP recordings. The remaining one patient had intracerebral and intracerebellar hematoma, two months later after discharge, thus the result was poor. The authors would like to share with you their experiences employing the STA-MCA anastomosis technique, indications the results and the prognosis.
Aneurysm ; Cerebral Angiography ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Electroencephalography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Moyamoya Disease ; Prognosis ; Stroke ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We experienced a case of primary aldosteronism due to adrenal adenoma. The patient was 45-year old female, whose main complaints were weakness, headache, and fatigue. By use of abdominal CT scan, ultrasonogram, adrenal angiogram and by result of clinical laboratory findings, we conculuded the diagnosis of adrenal adenoma, and confirmed it by surgical and pathologucal findigs. The clinical sympyoms disappeared after left adrenalectomy, and laboratory findings of renin, aldosterone, electrolutes were normalized but hypertension persisted, so she has been managed by antihypertensives.
Adenoma ; Adrenalectomy* ; Aldosterone ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Diagnosis ; Fatigue ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism* ; Hypertension* ; Middle Aged ; Renin ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

This study was designed to evaluate the partially purified antigens which were fractionated from crude extract of Paragonimus westermani and to monitor the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in experimental cat paragonimiasis during the course of infection as well as before and after chemotherapy. Crude extract of 6-month-old adult P. westermani was fractionated to 5 antigens by successive applications of ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. And the cats, 10 in each group, were infected with 60, 30, 15, and 5 metacercariae, then the half of each group was treated with praziquantel 2 times in one day of 100 mg per kilogram of weight on 150 days after the infection. Sera were collected every 10 days. ELISA was performed with the concentration of 2 microgram/ml antigen, 100 times diluted sera and 1,000 times diluted alkaline phosphatase conjugated anti-cat IgG. The results were as follows: Absorbance by ELISA with proteins precipitated by differential concentration of ammonium sulfate was the highest at 51-65 per cent precipitate (PA2), followed by 0-50 per cent precipitate (PA1), 66-80 per cent precipitate (PA3), and 81-90 precipitate (PA4). Unprecipitated protein over 90 per cent ammonium sulfate (PA5) showed the lowest antigenicity. Fractionation of PA1, PA2, and PA3 through the DEAE-cellulose column did not differentiate the antigenic proteins. By passing through the Sephadex G-200 column, PAl and PA2 were fractionated to high molecular weight proteins and those of low molecular weight which showed high absorbance by ELISA (PA1-I, II and PA2- I, II). But PA3 was shown to have a fraction of high molecular weight proteins (PA3-I) which showed high antigenicity. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of PA1-I, PA1-II, PA2-I, PA2-II, PA3-I, and crude extract was performed. Fraction PA1-I was composed of proteins which had the molecular weight of 270 kilodaltons (KD) to 196 KD; of them 220 KD protein was major band. Fraction PA2- I was composed of 255-225 KD, and PA3-I, 255-240 KD, respectively. Fraction PA1-II and fraction PA2-II consisted of 30 KD proteins. Absorbance by ELISA began to increase within 10-20 days after the infection and reached the highest on 140-180 days, then made plateau thereafter. Absorbance by ELISA decreased after praziquantel treatment. In 60 metacercariae infection group, the absorbance had been decreasing, but remained within the positive range during observation period, while those of 30, 15, and 5 metacercariae infection groups turned to negative range. Fraction PA1-II showed the highest antigenicity in ELISA, then fraction PA2-I, fraction PA1-I , fraction PA2-II, fraction PA3-I and crude extract followed. In early phase of infection, the absorbance of fraction PA1-II showed more rapid increase than those of the other fractions and it came to positive range at 20-30 days after infection.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; immunology ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Paragonimus westermani ; antigen

Somatosensory evoked potentials(SSEP's) are commonly employed to monitor cerebral and spinal cord function in patients with various lesions in the nervous system. In this study, we evaluated SSEP's as a means of measuring not only neurophysiological function but also the alteration of blood folw in the territory of cerebral ischemia. We examined SSEP's and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in the bilateral suprasy1vian gyri following unilateral middle cerebral artery(MCA) occlusion in 15 cats(Group II). The duration of arterial occlusion was 30 minutes followed by 1 hour of recirculation. Five additional cats served as sham-operated groups(Group I). The animals in Group II were divided into 2 subgroups according to the change of the observed rCBF in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Immediately after MCA occlusion, rCBF decreased from around 50 to 14mg/100g/min. Decreased rCBF was remained below 20ml/100g/min throughout the ischemic period in 6 cats(Group IIb), and in the remaining 9 cats, the decreased rCBF was increasing during ischemia although the blood flow was subnormal(Group IIa). The recovery of rCBF during recirculation was faster in Group IIa than in Group IIb. In Group IIa and IIb, there was a significant slowing of the interpeak latency between dorsal column nuclei(Fz) and the major negative deflection(MN) (P<0.05) in the ipsilateral hemisphere and a precipitous decrease in the amplitude of the ipsilateral P1-MN complex immediately after occlusion(P<0.05). In Group IIb the suppressed SSEP's did not show any recovery during ischemia, and recovered late during recirculation. In Group IIa the suppressed SSEP's tended to recover during recirculation. In Group IIa the suppressed SSEP's tended to recover during ischemia and recovered early during recirculation. SSEP's were not completely abolished throughout the experiment in any experimental grup. The relationship between the changes in rCBF and amplitude of SSEP's in the ipsilateral hemisphere was significant(r=0.943, P<0.05) during occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in Group IIa. However there was not any other relationship in the other groups or among other wave components. These results indicate that the suppression of SSEP's and their failure to recover during focal cerebral ischemia correlate with the lack of collateral circulation. Furthermore, SSEP's can be useful means to evaluate the reversibility of cerebral ischemia, which may be decided by existence of collateral circulation. And it appers that the time threshold for abolition of SSEP's is more than 30 minutes in focal cerebral ischemia in the cat.
Animals ; Brain Ischemia* ; Cats ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Collateral Circulation ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory* ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Nervous System ; Spinal Cord

Interference with visual pathways is usually not caused by intracranial aneurysms. Aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery rarely produce visual symptoms and signs in spite of their proximity to the visual pathways. The reason may be that these aneurysms rupture and present with subarachnoid hemorrhage before becoming large enough to exert significant pressure on the chiasm or optic nerves. The visual symptoms would be presented as visual field defect or impaired vision. These can be explained as the result of direct compression of the optic pathways, ischemic changes in the visual pathways caused by severe vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, or intraocular pathology such as retinal hemorrhage. 2 cases of anterior communicating artery aneurysms associated with visual symptoms are presented with a brief review of literatures.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Optic Nerve ; Pathology ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Rupture ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Visual Fields ; Visual Pathways

Parkinson's disease most consistently involves pathologic changes in the substantia nigra, which is the major source of dopamine to the striatum. It has been shown that either fetal substantia nigra or adrenal medulla tissue implanted to the rat brain survives, produces dopamine, and improves behavioral abnormalities induced by deprivaion of the caudate nucleus of its dopaminergic innervation. Thus, grafts containing dopamine could be potential replacement for destroyed or damaged dopaminergic neurons in patients with Parkinson's disease. In the present study, authors administrated 6-hydroxydopamine into the right substantia nigra, and produced unilateral dopamine denervated Parkinson's experimental model using solid graft method and cell suspension implant, the results of these grafts were examined behaviorally, biochemically, immunohistochemically 3 months after grafting. In this study, a total of forty-five young(4 to 5 week old) rats were used and divided into three experimental groups-control group which underwent dopamine denervation without any grafting(15), solid graft group which was grafted fetal mesencephalon to the caudate-putamien(n=15) and cell suspension implant group which was grafted cell suspension fetal mesencephalon to the caudate-putamen(n=15). The apomorphine induced rotation test was performed at four weeks, eight weeks, twelve weeks after grafting. The dopamine concentration in the caudate-putamen was biochemically measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) and immunohistochemically these grafts containing dopamine granules were stained by Avidin-Biotin immunoperoxidase staining with dopamine monoclonal antibody. The results were as follows ; 1) Behavioral testing was performed by apomorphine induced rotational test. A mean rotation number during the first five minutes following apomorphine injection was 40.0+/-.5 in control and 18.3+/-.9 in cell suspension implanted group at one month after grafting and these was more reduction of turning than that in solid graft group. The both graft groups demonstrated explicit reduction of turning by 58% and 55.3% when compared to the control group respectively 3 months after grafting. However the difference in reduction of turning between the two grafted groups was statistically not significant. 2) Biochemical measurements of dopamine concentration was done in pathologic and normal caudate-putamen. The concentration of dopamine was 13.5+/-3.1ng/mg of protein in normal subject and 0.6+/-0.2ng/mg of protein in the dopamine denervated caudate-putamen of the control group which was markedly reduced by 4.4% of dopamine concentration in the normal caudate-putamen. The concentration of dopamine in the cell suspension implant group was 3.2+/-1.2ng/mg of protein at three months after grafting and 3.0+/-1.1ng/mg of protein in the solid group and these values were increased in the concentration give 5 times more than those of pregrafting state. 3) In the results of immunohistochemical examination cells containing granules of dopamine were exclusively found in the grafted groups. In experimental Parkinson's disease model of Sprague-Dawley rats, it was found that the grafts of fetal mesencephalon to the caudate nucleus induced an elevation of dopamine concentration and symptomatic improvement. In the method of graft, cell suspension implant method brings faster effect, leaves less amount of damage to the host brain, and can be used in any area of the brain for the transplantation. Therefore graft of fetal mesencephalon using cell suspension grafting method might be effective treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease.
Adrenal Medulla ; Animals ; Apomorphine ; Brain ; Caudate Nucleus ; Denervation ; Dopamine ; Dopaminergic Neurons ; Humans ; Mesencephalon* ; Models, Theoretical ; Oxidopamine* ; Parkinson Disease ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substantia Nigra ; Transplantation ; Transplants