The literature review for fall in the elderly has been done for the better quality of life of increasing elderly people toward 21 st century. Because 30 to 50% of over sixty five years old persons have experiences of fall, five percent of the fallen have trauma such as bone fracture requiring hospitalization and three quarter of people who die as fall are over 65 year old, fall is important health problem of them. There are very little societal interest in and research related to fall. Therefore, among recent foreign and our literatures studying literature review of frequency of fall, risk factors and assessing method for fall, and the management of fall prevention program, I would like to find research direction. Conclusivelly, we should study extensively the survey of the elderly's fall and on the basis of it, developing fall prevention program, promote the elderly' s health through fall prevention.
Aged* ; Fractures, Bone ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Risk Factors

The literature review about bladder management method given to maintain and improve health of neurogenic bladder patients was done. Because the study of neurogeinc bladder patients in nursing field is not enough, I tried to find report the study tendency through literature review. 1. There are five types of neurogenic bladder such as uninhibited neurgenic bladder, reflex neurogenic bladder, automonous neurogenic bladder, sensory paralytic neurogenic bladder, and motor paralytic neurogenic bladder. 2. The accurate assessment of neurogenic bladder is done mainly through urodynamics and especially cystometrogram and urethrogram are used. 3. As the study of therapeutic management, the effect of Desmopressin, bladder autoaugmentation, incision of external urethral sphincter muscle, subarachnoid block and pudendal never block using phenol was studied. 4. For the study of general management, the effect of bladder training program, intermittent catheterization and infection control has been studied but there has not been any obvious study in nursing field. Reviewed the study condition, it is necessary to develop bladder training program in order to increase life quality of neurogenic bladder patients.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin ; Education ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Nursing ; Phenol ; Quality of Life ; Reflex ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic* ; Urodynamics

Most subdural hematoma with significantly differed attenuation from that of adjacent brain tissue can beaccurately diagnosed by CT. Difficulty arises when the hematoma is isodense that is exhibited similar attenuationto that of brain. Unilateral isodense subdural hematoma can be identified by indirect sign such as mass effect.Occasionally, the use of intravenous contrast material to aid in identifying isodense subdural hematomas has metwith variable success. Moreover, bilateral isodense subdural hematoma may be more difficult. We therfore considerdit of interest to evalute the diagnostic efficiency of CT in isodense subdural hematomas. We have analysed 13cases surgically provened cases of isodense subdural hematoma examined at Korea General Hospital from Oct. 1981 toApril. 1982. The resuls were as follows; 1. One hundred twenty seven cases of subdural hematomas were studied byCT, 13 cases (19.2%) of which were isodense. 2. The age distribution was from 29 years to 69 years and mean agewas 52 years. The sex ratio was 11 male to 2 female. 3. Seven(53.8%) of 13 cases has a history of head trauma. 4.The time interval which subdural hematoma became isodense was from 1 week to 4 months and peak time interval wasfrom 1 week to 3 weeks. 5. The precontrast CT of isodense subdural hematoma appeared shifting of midlinestructure, compression and deformity of the ventricles in all 13 cases, effacement of cerebral sulci in 10 cases(76.9%) and dilatation of contralateral ventricles in 4 cases (30.8%). 6. The postcontrast CT scan demonstratedenhancement of the medial margin of the lesion in 4(30.8%) of 13 cases and displacement of cortical vein away fromthe inner table of the skull in 3 (23.1%) of 13 cases. 7. Bilateral isodense subdural hematomas were 2 (15.4%) of13 cases.
Age Distribution ; Brain ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Dilatation ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Sex Ratio ; Skull ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Veins

No abstract available.
Cross Infection*

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the concern and attitudes of Nursing students toward the disabled before and after the disability experience program. METHOD: 151 Nursing students with clinical practice in National rehabilitation hospital were conveniently selected as the subject. All subjects had experience the disability program, and their attitudes toward the disabled were measured before and after the 3hours' program. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 11.0 with paired t-test. RESULTS: 1. The concern toward the disabled after their disability experience program was more positive than before(t= -4.930, p= .000). 2. The attitudes toward the disabled after their disability experience program was more positive than before(t=5.892, p=.000). 3. The appreciation of daily life after their disability experience program was higher than before(t=- -8.563, p= .000). CONCLUSION: In summary, the disability experience program should be effective in order to promote the positive attitude toward the disabled. Therefore expansion of this program is of profound significant.
Humans ; Nursing* ; Rehabilitation ; Students, Nursing*

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the most common cause of neurologic disorder accompanying grave prognosisand its mortality above 50%. Prior to introduction of the CT, the diagnosis have been depended on clinicalfindings and spinal puncture. Radiologic diagnostic methods, such as angiography, ventriculography andradioisotope scanning are invasive and less sentitive in diagnosis of CVA than CT. The size, location andextension of the intracranial pathology and ventricular penetration are accureately and rapidly portrayed by CT.Consequently, CT plays impotant role in effective tratement and evaluation of prognosis in CVA. Authors analyzed63 cases of diagnosed CVA who were performed CT scan in Korea General Hospital from November 1981 to April 1982.The results were as follows. 1. The most prevalent age group of CVA was 6th decade, and then 7th and 5th decadesin decreasing order. The sex ration between male and female was 1.2:1. 2. The causes of CVA were hypertensivehemorrhage (50.8%), vascular occlusive disease(22.2%), anurysm ruture (4.8%), arteriovenous malformation (3.2%)and hemorrhage of unknown etiology (19.0%). 3. The most common site of hemorrhage was basal ganglia (34.6%) andthen thalamus(21.8%) and cerebral lobes(20.5%). In infarction, the common sites were the lobes(64.7%) and thebasal ganglia (35.3%) 4. Round or oval shaped hematomas of high density (85.9%) were frequent findings ofhemorrhage and mass effect occured in 75.6%. 5. All infarctions were low in density ; Most of the lesion wasinhomogeneous(70.6%) and the rests were homogeneous. Mass effects were seen in 29.4%.
Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Basal Ganglia ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Ganglia ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infarction ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality ; Nervous System Diseases ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Spinal Puncture ; Stroke ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Herpes zoster is known to be more frequent and severe in patients during immunosuppressive treatment and various predisposing factors, such as Hodgkin's disease, advanced tumor stage, local X-ray irradiation, splenectomy and cutaneous anergy. This report presents the case of a 23-year-old woman who developed herpes zoater on two separate occasione during the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with immunosuppressive agents (corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide). In each occasion, it was involved by different and multiple dermatomes. Treatment with oral and intralesional corticosteroids administration proved to be beneficial without any complication, although some delayed recovery of the disease was noted.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Causality ; Female ; Herpes Zoster* ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Splenectomy ; Young Adult

To evaluate the antihypertensive effect, side effects and metabolic changes of arotinolol, a combined alpha and beta blocker, 10-15mg of arotinolol twice a day was administered for 8 weeks in 27 hypertensives (168+/-16/106+/-10mmHg) without heart failure, bradycardia, conduction disturbance, coronary heart disease or renal impairment. Blood pressure decreased to 137+/-10/90+/-6mmHg and average reduction of systolic BP and diastolic BP were 31 mmHg(18%) and 16mmHg(15%) respectively. Pulse rate reduced significantly(p<0.01) after 2weeks' treatment of arotinolol and average reduction of pulse rate was 10 beats/min after 8weeks treatment. There were no significant changes of serum ALP, AST and ALT, BUN, and serum creatinine, Na+, K+, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride. But in 8 patients(30%), insomina, sleepness, cold extrimities or numbness on extremities developed or aggravated. These results suggest that arotinolol be an useful antihypertensive agent in hypertensives without heart failure, bradyarrhythmais or peripheral vascular disease.
Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Coronary Disease ; Creatinine ; Extremities ; Heart Failure ; Heart Rate ; Hypertension* ; Hypesthesia ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; Triglycerides

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a Korean oriental nursing terminology set for nursing documentation in electronic nursing record systems. METHODS: This study was conducted in two steps. The primary terminology set was constructed by extracting terms from textbooks and materials about oriental nursing (2,708 terms). Then the appropriateness of terms as an oriental nursing vocabulary was reviewed by four teams of oriental nursing experts and practitioners. In addition, the frequency of uses of terms was examined in oriental nursing. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Of 2,708 terms, 25.4% (n=688) were evaluated as appropriate and high-use oriental nursing terms by all expert teams. Among the terms, 24.1% (n=166) were nursing action terms representing acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, massage, treatment and observation, medication administration, health promotion, and others. The others (75.9%) were nursing phenomenon terms representing drugs, medical materials, instruments, tests, theories, disease names, syndrome differentiation, and signs and symptoms. The proportion of terms used only in oriental nursing was 52.3%. CONCLUSION: A total of 688 terms were identified as appropriate oriental nursing terms, as well as high-use terms. This terminology set can be used for the basic data to develop a formal terminology set in oriental nursing practice.
Acupuncture ; Health Promotion ; Massage ; Moxibustion ; Nursing Records ; Nursing* ; Vocabulary

PURPOSE: This research was done to establish a theoretical foundation for the adjustment process of patients with hemophilia. METHOD: For this study, 14 patients with hemophilia participated. The data was collected through the in-depth interviews and analysed in terms of Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory methodology. RESULT: The core category was identified with "uncertainty". The adjustment process was classified into two stages: the 'unstable stage' before the moment they learn about the Hemophilia Foundation and the 'stable stage' since then. The two stages were further divided into four groups, namely 'the stage of isolation ', 'the stage of maintaining survival', 'the stage of pursuing hope', 'the stage of ambivalence'. The categories of these stages include a series of subcategories to describe the adjustment of patients. The quality of life for these patients has increasingly improved based on support from hemophiliac organizations. But due to the uncertainty of disease, the patients have four stages of adjustment process from the stage of isolation to that of ambivalence and might turn to feedback. CONCLUSION: Therefore the nursing interventions reflecting adjustment process of patients with hemophilia should be developed.
Hemophilia A* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Quality of Life ; Uncertainty