Rapid integration of information technology into health care systems has included the use of highly portable systems-in particular, personal digital assistants (PDAs). With their large built-in memories, fast processors, wireless connectivity, multimedia capacity, and large library of applications, PDAs have been widely adopted by physicians and nurses for patient tracking, disease management, medical references and drug information, enhancing a quality of health care. Many health-related PDA applications are available to both dietetics professionals and clients. Dietetics professionals can effectively use PDAs for client tracking and support, accessing to hospital database or information, and providing better self-monitoring tools to clients. Internship programs for dietetics professionals should include training in the use of PDAs and their dietetics applications, so that new practitioners can stay abreast of this rapidly evolving technology. Several considerations to keep in mind in selecting a PDA and its applications are discussed.
Delivery of Health Care ; Dietetics* ; Disease Management ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Multimedia ; Patient Identification Systems ; Quality of Health Care

Isolated acute monoarticular septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint is a extremely rare disorder, and is usually associated with predisposing factors such as contiguous foci of infection, heroin addiction, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus and maintenance hemodialysis. This case occurred in healthy adult. The etiological agent was staphylococcus aureus. Good result wads achieved by applying appropriate antibiotic therapy combined with an adequate drainage.
Adult ; Arthritis, Infectious ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Causality ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drainage ; Heroin Dependence ; Humans ; Renal Dialysis ; Staphylococcal Infections ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Sternoclavicular Joint

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Eating out has been reported to have negative effects on nutritional status. However, eating out can include meals prepared at home and eaten outside. Conversely, meals eaten at home can be brought from outside, as take-out and home deliveries have become common in Korea. Thus, we tested whether or not meal preparation location influences daily diet quality. SUBJECTS/METHODS: From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007-2009, 4,915 Korean adults (20-64 years) were classified into two groups: home-made meal group (HMG), who ate ≥ 2 meals per day prepared at home (n = 4,146), and non-home-made meal group (NHMG), who ate ≥ 2 meals per day prepared outside home (n = 769). Daily diet quality was determined by energy intake, nutrient intake, Dietary Variety Score (DVS), and Diet Diversity Score (DDS). RESULTS: Compared to the HMG, the NHMG was more likely to consist of men, single, employed, educated and of a higher economic status (all, P < 0.01). The NHMG showed higher energy intakes (1,776 vs. 2,116 kcal/day) with higher percentages of energy from protein (15 vs. 23%) and fat (14 vs. 16%) and lower intakes of dietary fiber, phosphorus, potassium, niacin, and vitamin C (all, P < 0.01) than the HMG, with some variations among age groups. The NHMG tended to consume foods prepared by frying and grilling and had more one-dish meals such as bibimbap, noodles, and dumplings but also showed higher dietary diversity. CONCLUSIONS: It should be noted that home-made meals do not necessarily guarantee a healthy diet, and the effects of meal preparation location on nutritional status might vary depending on socio-demographic characteristics.
Adult* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Diet ; Dietary Fiber ; Eating ; Energy Intake ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Meals* ; Niacin ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Nutritive Value ; Phosphorus ; Potassium

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Eating out has been reported to have negative effects on nutritional status. However, eating out can include meals prepared at home and eaten outside. Conversely, meals eaten at home can be brought from outside, as take-out and home deliveries have become common in Korea. Thus, we tested whether or not meal preparation location influences daily diet quality. SUBJECTS/METHODS: From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007-2009, 4,915 Korean adults (20-64 years) were classified into two groups: home-made meal group (HMG), who ate ≥ 2 meals per day prepared at home (n = 4,146), and non-home-made meal group (NHMG), who ate ≥ 2 meals per day prepared outside home (n = 769). Daily diet quality was determined by energy intake, nutrient intake, Dietary Variety Score (DVS), and Diet Diversity Score (DDS). RESULTS: Compared to the HMG, the NHMG was more likely to consist of men, single, employed, educated and of a higher economic status (all, P < 0.01). The NHMG showed higher energy intakes (1,776 vs. 2,116 kcal/day) with higher percentages of energy from protein (15 vs. 23%) and fat (14 vs. 16%) and lower intakes of dietary fiber, phosphorus, potassium, niacin, and vitamin C (all, P < 0.01) than the HMG, with some variations among age groups. The NHMG tended to consume foods prepared by frying and grilling and had more one-dish meals such as bibimbap, noodles, and dumplings but also showed higher dietary diversity. CONCLUSIONS: It should be noted that home-made meals do not necessarily guarantee a healthy diet, and the effects of meal preparation location on nutritional status might vary depending on socio-demographic characteristics.
Adult* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Diet ; Dietary Fiber ; Eating ; Energy Intake ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Meals* ; Niacin ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Nutritive Value ; Phosphorus ; Potassium

Although several reports were presented recently about bronchial arterial revascularization in clinical lung transplantation, one factor peculiar to the lung transplantation is the ischemia of the donor bronchus. Poor bronchial healing occurs frequently following clinical lung transplantation and this has been major cause of mortality and morbidity. There have been many attempts to solve bronchial anastomotic complications. Telescoping technique, one of those attempts, was advocated by San Antonio Group recently. This experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of telescoping anastomotic technique upon the healing of the tracheo-bronchial anastomosis. We used rabbits(weighing about 800 g) as experimental animal. METHOD: Resection of middle one third of cervical trachea and reanastomosis was performed by simple interrupted anastomotic technique in Group 1(n=15) and by telescoping anastomotic technique in Group 2(n=15). RESULT: Anastomotic sites in the telescoping technique group showed significant increase of fibrosis in the early postoperative days(< 5days) and remarkable band-like fibrous union compared to the simple interrupted group.
Anastomosis, Surgical ; Animals ; Bronchi ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Lung Transplantation ; Mortality ; Tissue Donors ; Trachea

Congenital aural atresia (CAA) with variable degrees of microtia are combined with many other otologic or facial anomalies. Among them, cholesteatoma developed behind atretic plate is rarely reported. Since Von Luders had first reported about this condition at 1912, several authors had described CAA associated with cholesteatoma. In their reports, atretic canal cannot prevent the development of cholesteatoma. We reviewed 4 cases of CAA associated with cholesteatoma with medical records and preoperative temporal bone CTs retrospectively. All the cases were unilaterally presented and corrected by canaloplsty. Keratin materials were demonstrated at the medial side of atretic ear canal.
Cholesteatoma* ; Ear Canal ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporal Bone

Accurate assessment of nutrient adequacy of a population should be based on usual intake distribution of that population. This study was conducted to adjust usual nutrient intake distributions of a single 24-hour recall in 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Surveys (KNHNS) in order to determine the magnitude of limitations inherent to a single 24-hour recall in assessing nutrient intakes of a population. Of 9,960 individuals who provided one 24-hour recall in 2001 KNHNS, 3,976 subjects provided an additional one-day 24-hour recall in 2002 Korean National Nutrition Survey by Season (KNNSS). To adjust for usual intake distribution, we estimated within-individual variations derived from 2001 KNHNS and 2002 KNNSS using the Iowa State University method. Nutritionally at risk population was assessed in reference to the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs). The Korean Estimated Average Requirement (Korean EAR) cut-point was applied to estimate the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes except for iron intakes, which were assessed using the probability approach. The estimated proportions below Korean EAR for calcium, riboflavin, and iron were 73%, 41%, and 24% from usual intake distribution and 70%, 51%, and 39% from one-day intake distribution, respectively. The estimated proportion of sodium intakes over the Intake Goal of 2,000 mg/day was 100% of the population after adjustment. The energy proportion from protein was within Korean Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (Korean AMDR), whereas that of carbohydrate was higher than the upper limit and that of fat was below the lower limit in the subjects aged 30 years or older. According to these results, the prevalence of nutritional inadequacy and excess intake is over-estimated in Korea unless usual intake distributions are adjusted for one-day intakes of most nutrients.
Aged ; Calcium ; Ear ; Humans ; Iowa ; Iron ; Korea ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prevalence ; Riboflavin ; Seasons ; Sodium

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary paragonimiasis is a subacute to chronic inflammatory disease of the lung caused by lung flukes that result in prolonged inflammation and mechanical injury to the bronchi. However, there are few reports on the bronchoscopic findings of pulmonary paragonimiasis. This report describes the bronchoscopic findings of pulmonary paragonimiasis. METHODS: The bronchosocpic findings of 30 patients (20 males, median age 50 years) with pulmonary paragonimiasis between May 1995 and December 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The diagnoses were based on a positive serologic test results for Paragonimus-specific antibodies in 13 patients (43%), or the detection of Paragonimus eggs in the sputum, bronchial washing fluid, or lung biopsy specimens in 17 patients (57%). The bronchoscopic examinations revealed endobronchial lesions in 17 patients (57%), which were located within the segmental bronchi in 10 patients (59%), lobar bronchi in 6 patients (35%) and main bronchi in 1 patient (6%). The bronchoscopic characteristics of endobronchial lesions were edematous swelling of the mucosa (16/17, 94%) and mucosal nodularity (4/17, 24%), accompanied by bronchial stenosis in 16 patients (94%). Paragonimus eggs were detected in the bronchial washing fluid of 9 out of the 17 patients with endobronchial lesions. The bronchial mucosal biopsy specimens showed evidence of chronic inflammation with eosinophilic infiltration in 6 out of 11 patients (55%). However, no adult fluke or ova were found in the bronchial tissue. CONCLUSION: Bronchial stenosis with mucosal changes including edematous swelling and mucosal nodularity is the most common bronchoscopic finding of pulmonary paragonimiasis.
Adult ; Antibodies ; Biopsy ; Bronchi ; Bronchitis ; Bronchoscopy ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Eggs ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lung ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Ovum ; Paragonimiasis ; Paragonimus ; Retrospective Studies ; Serologic Tests ; Sputum ; Trematoda

BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major pathogens of nosocomial infections. Especially in intensive care units (ICUs) and nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus has been known as a major risk factor of staphylococcal infections. In Korea, MRSA is the most common pathogen of nosocomial infections in ICUs. We performed this study to investigate the effects of conventional control measures and the additional effect of intranasal fusidic acid in prevention of MRSA nasal carriage and infection in ICUs of one educational hospital in Korea. METHOD: All patients admitted to medical ICU and surgical ICU in Samsung medical center from April to September 1999 were studied prospectively. Surveillance culture was done in all patients and health care workers by nasal swab culture. We tried to control MRSA infection by conventional methods in the first period April-June 1999) and by additional intranasal fusidic acid application in the second period (July-September 1999) RESULTS: Comparing the first with second periods, new nasal MRSA colonization rate among patients was significantly decreased from 14.8% to 1.8% in surgical ICU (P=0.016). Although there was no statistical difference between the first and second periods in medical ICU (14.6% vs 5.9%, P=0.192), the new nasal colonization of the first period was significantly decreased than that of the previous study which was performed in 1996 (14.6% vs 36.2%, P=0.015). And new MRSA infection rate was much more decreased than the previous study, but there was no statistical significance (11.7% vs 2.0%, P=0.066). CONCLUSION: Conventional methods for MRSA control decreased new MRSA nasal colonization of patients in ICUs. Application of intranasal fusidic acid was considered as an additional control measure for reducing MRSA nasal colonization. For evaluating effect of intranasal fusidic acid for preventing of MRSA infection in ICUs, further study with larger scale of study population is warranted.
Colon ; Cross Infection ; Delivery of Health Care ; Furosemide* ; Fusidic Acid* ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Staphylococcal Infections ; Staphylococcus aureus

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the labyrinthine fistulae on the temporal bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 47 labyrinthine fistula cases that had undergone preoperative HRCT of the temporal bone were reviewed retrospectively. All the patients were proved to have labyrinthine fistulae during the operation for chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma from January 1983 through July 1999. RESULTS: Fistulae on the lateral semicircular canal were more effectively detected (78.6%) with conventional axial and coronal view than other site (21.4%). Detection rates of fistula were increased with decreased thickness of HRCT slices. CONCLUSION: With decreasing thickness of HRCT slices, the temporal bone CT's detection rate of labyrinthine fistulae were increased. For the fistulae on the superior and posterior semicircular canal, the efficacy of the temporal bone CT was limited.
Cholesteatoma ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Otitis Media ; Retrospective Studies ; Semicircular Canals ; Temporal Bone