Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the patterns of power spectra of R-R interval variability of diabetic patients who are subject to autonomic neuropathy. Methods: The changes in power spectra of eight diabetic patients were compared with those of eight normal persons while changing positions from supine to Trendelenburg and from supine to standing each. Results: Low, high and total frequency power densities of diabetic patient group were significantly lower than those of control group in resting supine position. Low frequency power density and ratio of low frequency power to high frequency power of control group increased significantly while changing position from supine to standing compared with those of diabetic patient group. And low frequency power density of control group decreased significantly compared with that of diabetic patient group while changing position from supine to Trendelenburg. Conclusions: The decrease in power densities of low, high and total frequency suggest depressed overall autonomic activities in diabetic patient group and significantly decreased changes in low frequency power and ratio of low frequency power to high frequency power while changing positions from supine to standing suggest attenuated sympathetic activity in diabetic patient group, reflecting autonomic changes in diabetic group rapidly.
Diabetic Neuropathies* ; Humans ; Supine Position

According to photothermolysis, the FPDL(flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser) treatment theoretically causes no epidermal damage, however, we have observed blister, crust and scars in clinical experiences, and we have also found that FPDL has limited effect on adults, specially, thick-skinned Asian people with rich melanin pigment. In order to explain these effects, we took biopsies and made a histologic observation and analyzed the results statistically. The biopsies were taken from 15 patients who received first treatment and stained with H&E and NBTC(nitroblue tetrazolium chloride). We measured epidermal melanin content, epidermal damage, vessel wall coagulation depth, RBC coagulation depth, mean vessel diameter and evaluated clinical results at post-treatment 6 weeks. The vessel diameter and darkness of lesion color were increased with ages. Complete vessel coagulation was restricted to small vessels. With increasing epidermal melanin content, epidermal damage increased accordingly. The clinincal results were enhanced with increasing coagulation depth of vessel walls, and deteriorated with increasing epidermal melanin content. The clinical result was not significantly correlated with RBC-coagulation depth or energy used. We observed that melanin pigments have an adverse effect on clinical results. The FPDL treatment can be a choice of treatment to children with light colored lesion, but has a limitation to Asian adults with rich melanin pigment. Therefore, repetitive treatment is necessary for improvement of clinical results.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biopsy ; Blister ; Child ; Cicatrix ; Darkness ; Humans ; Lasers, Dye* ; Melanins

No abstract available.
Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; DNA*

BACKGROUND: It has been shown that L-type calcium channel blockers increase the muscle relaxation effects of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents whereas the potentiated neuromuscular blocking effects by L-type calcium channel blocker are resistant to reversal by neostigmine. The aims of this study were 1) to see whether the pretreatment of L-type calcium channel blocker, such as verapamil, aggravates the pipecuronium-induced muscle relaxation, 2) if so, to see whether these effects are reversed by anticholinesterase, such as neostigmine and edrophonium or potassium channel blocker, such as 4-aminopyridine. METHODS: The rat-phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragms (n=60) were prepared. Twenty microgram of pipecuronium was administered to all organ bath. All samples were divided into two groups according to the administration of 10uM of verapamil i.e. verapamil pretreated, non-pretreated group. The amounts of administered pipecuronium were gradually increased by 4ug until the force of twitch decreased to 10% of control value in both groups. Each group was subdivided into three groups according to the administration of 0.75 M of neostigmine, 12.4 uM of edrophonium or 40uM of 4-aminopyridine. RESULTS: The dose of pipecuronium required for the decrease of contractile force to 10% of control value was less in verapamil pretreated group than in non-pretreated group. And, the decrease of contractile force in both groups was more effectively reversed by 4-aminopyridine than neostigmine and edrophonium. CONCLUSIONS: Verapamil potentiates the pipecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade and 4-aminopyridine is more effective to reverse verapamil pretreated, pipecuronium induced neuromuscular blockade.
4-Aminopyridine* ; Baths ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; Edrophonium* ; Muscle Relaxation ; Neostigmine* ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Pipecuronium* ; Potassium Channels ; Verapamil*

New antidepressants have become available for clinical use in the 1990s. Before this decade, the drugs available to treat depression consisted essentially of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and lithium. Following the introduction of SSRIs, the options have expanded and now include SSRIs nefazodone, venlafaxine, mirtazapine, reboxetine, tianeptine. Newer antidepressants possess a variety of pharmacological characteristics that are relevant to the choice of an antidepressant for clinical use. This review summarizes some of the major pharmacological characteristics among the drugs.
Antidepressive Agents ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic ; Depression ; Lithium ; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors ; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride

The genetically determined CYP2D6 activity may be considered to be associated with antipsychotic induced extrapyramidal side effects with inter-individual variation. Genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6 was determined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and Mspl restriction fragment length polymorphisms(RFLP) for 194 schizophrenics. Subjects with a 334bp band were classified a1a1, those with 229bp and 105bp bands a2a2, and those with all three bands a1a2. We did not identify schizophrenic subject with poor metabolizer. 194 schizophrenic patients previously treated neuroleptic medication, were assessed by Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS). The cases were composed of 33 akathisia, 47 parkinsonism, 21 tardive dyskinesia. These results are similar to the previous understanding that the poor metabolizer is very rare in Orientals compared to Caucasians, therefore, it considered that CYP2D6 genotypes have maybe no association with schizophrenia and extrapyramidal side effects in Koreans.
Antipsychotic Agents* ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6* ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System* ; Cytochromes* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Movement Disorders ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Schizophrenia

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinoma*

No abstract available.
Amyloid* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Multiple Myeloma*

No abstract available.
Graft vs Host Disease*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Young Adult*