No abstract available.
Cell Count* ; HIV* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Gangwon-do* ; Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver* ; Prevalence*

We report a rare case of anti-viral agent induced hypophosphatemic osteomalacia presented with localized and radicular pain. A 51-year-old man, who had been taking adefovir for chronic hepatitis, had experienced low back pain radiating to his right thigh for 2 years. With impression of lumbar disc herniation, he underwent magnetic resonance imaging and found multi-level disc herniation with facet joint synovial cysts. He received transforaminal epidural steroid injections, however, symptoms did not improve. To find other possible causes, additional tests were performed. Blood tests revealed hypophosphatemia and increased serum alkaline phosphatase, and osteoporosis was noted in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with multiple hot uptakes in bone scan. After replacement of adefovir to entecavir and supplement of phosphate and vitamin D, phosphate level and the clinical symptoms were improved. This is the first to report the presentation of osteomalacia due to anti-viral agent as radicular low back pain with facet synovial cysts.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and effect of various cryopreservation method on the survival and the cytoskeletal stability of metaphase II mouse oocyte. METHODS: Mouse ovulated oocytes were collected and cryopreserved by a modified slow-freezing method with 1.5 M 1,2-propanediol (PrOH)+0.1 M sucrose or by vitrification using cryo loop and EM grid with 40% ethylene glycol+0.6 M sucrose. Four hours after thawing, intact oocytes were fixed and stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated monoclonal anti-beta-tubulin antibody to visualize spindle and propidium iodide (PI) to visualize chromosome. Spindle morphology was classified as follows: normal (barrel-shaped), slightly and absolute abnormal (multipolar or absent). RESULTS: Survival rate of the frozen-thawed oocytes in vitrification group was significantly higher than that of slow-freezing group (62.7% vs. 24.4%, p<0.01). Vitrification with cryo loop showed significantly higher survival rate than that with EM grid (67.7% vs. 53.5%, p<0.05). On the other hand, proportion of normal spindle and chromosome configurations of the frozen-thawed oocytes between two vitrification group was not significantly different. CONCLUSION: For mouse ovulated oocytes, vitrification with cryo loop may be a preferable procedure compared to slow-freezing method. Further study should be needed to investigate developmental competency of frozen-thawed mouse oocytes.
Animals ; Cryopreservation* ; Fluorescein ; Hand ; Metaphase ; Mice* ; Oocytes* ; Propidium ; Propylene Glycol ; Sucrose ; Survival Rate ; Vitrification

To determine whether distance stereoacuity improved following strabismus surgery in patients with intermittent exotropia, we tested distance stereoacuity of 107 patients preoperatively and postoperatively using the Mentor B-VAT IIVideo Acuity Tester. Following successful surgical alignment there was significant improvement of postoperative distance stereoacuity in binocular vision contour circles[BVC]and binocular vision random dot E[BVRDE]test[p<0.05 ]. Based on BVC testing, performance improved 45.8%of the patients after surgery, remained unchanged in 43.0%, and decreased in 11.2%. Based on BVRDE testing, performance improved 29.9%of the patients after surgery, remained unchanged in 66.4%, and decreased in 3.7%. But improvement of postoperative distance stereoacuity was not related statistically to age, operative methods, suppression, and preoperative size of deviation. From the results of this study, it is concluded that the BVC test is a useful test for assessing control in intermittent exotropic patients. Distance stereoacuity improved after successful operation, thus distance stereoacuity test may be helpful in evaluation of preoperative and postoperative intermittent exotropia control.
Exotropia ; Humans ; Mentors ; Strabismus ; Vision, Binocular

No abstract available.
Rickettsia typhi* ; Rickettsia*

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of unilateral inferior oblique weakening procedures on contralateral inferior oblique muscle functions and factors that may have an effect on contralateral inferior oblique muscle overaction (IOOA). METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of medical records of 40 patients who underwent unilateral inferior oblique (IO) muscle weakening procedures from 2007 to 2011 and were observed during a follow-up period of more than 6 months. These patients were composed of primary IOOA (4 patients), secondary IOOA due to superior oblique muscle (SO) palsy (21 patients), secondary IOOA due to inferior rectus muscle palsy (1 patient), and dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) accompanied with IOOA (14 patients). Factors that may have an effect on contralateral IOOA after undergoing the operation were assessed. RESULTS: There were 7 patients (17.5%) who had over +2 IOOA after operation. IOOA on contralateral eye was increased from average of +0.00 to average of +0.66 +/- 0.14 in 6 months after operation (p < 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences between preoperative factors and functional changes in contralateral IO muscle. CONCLUSIONS: There were no statistical factors that may have an effect on contralateral IOOA but the possibility of masked SO palsy before performing unilateral IO weakening procedures should be considered. In patients who have unilateral DVD associated with IOOA or small hypertropia, the contralateral IOOA can be more definite after operation; thus caution should be taken before operation.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Masks ; Medical Records ; Paralysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus

PURPOSE: The penis has been attracted to everyone associated with various diseases and sexual activity. Lots of materials and instruments has been applied to the penis for sexual arousal. Furthermore, those ar e usually made and applied in inappropriate ways by non-medical personnel. This resulted in lots of complications in various degrees. So, we investigated the real problems concerning various procedures performed on the genitalia by non-medical personnel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively medical records of 32 male and one female patients having complications which had been developed following some procedures on the genitalia by non-medical personnel from January 1995 to December 1999. These patients were analyzed according to characteristics of the patients, the methods, purposes, complications and treatments. RESULTS: Their age at first visit was various from 12 years to 70 years (mean, 35.8 years). At that time when procedures had been performed, their age were 12 years to 56 yeats (mean, 30.8 years) in 26 cases whose ages were identified. Among them 22cases (66.7%) were the married and 11 (33.3%) were the unmarried. Occupations were various and out-of-work were 10 (30.4%), commerce 8 (24.2%), firm worker 6(18.2%), student 5 (15.2%), and private job manager and the not-identified 2 (6.1%). according to the school career, the high school graduates were 18 (54.6%), the college graduates 7 (21.2%), middle school graduates 4 (12.1%), and 4 were under middle school. These procedures were performed for sexual satisfaction in 29 cases (87.9%) and for cheap and easy circumcision in 4 cases (12.1%), of which 26 cases (78.8%) had been performed by other person and 7 cases (21.2%) by himself. According to the materials used, 22 (66.7%) cases had been injected vaseline or paraffin in to the penis and one (3.0%) into the vulva, and one (3.0%) plicated his penile skin with rubber band using sewing needle, which 24 cases (72.7%) were for enlargement of the genitalia. 2 (6.0%) cases inserted plastic balls into the penile skin for sexual arousal of partner. 3 (9.1%) cases put a metallic ring, a ceramic ring, and a vacuum device over their penis for improving erection quality, respectively. 4(12.1%) cases had applied the commercially-maid self-circumcision devices over their prepuce, Complications were foreign body sensation, pain at erection, inflammation, skin necrosis, and septic condition, which were variable case by case. Treatments were removal of foreign materials and devices, necrotic tissue, and primary repair of defected skin, for that, in 2 (6.0%) cases, skin flap and graft were needed. CONCLUSIONS: Lots of complications, severe in some cases, had been developed on external genitalia following various procedures performed by medically unauthorized person. So, we have to strongly for their purpose and it would be rather harmful. At the same time, we have to strongly recommend the government to control strictly such materials and instruments not to be sold and used inappropriately.
Arousal ; Ceramics ; Circumcision, Male ; Commerce ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Medical Records ; Necrosis ; Needles ; Occupations ; Paraffin ; Penis ; Petrolatum ; Plastics ; Retrospective Studies ; Rubber ; Sensation ; Sexual Behavior ; Single Person ; Skin ; Transplants ; Vacuum ; Vulva

Primary germ cell tumor of the testis is rare, which occupies 1 to 2% of all reported malignant male neoplasms. Combined primary germ cell tumor of the testis composed of embryonal carcinoma and seminoma is more rare tumor. The authors experienced a case of 50-year old male who presented with painless enlargement of right testicle. He has had radical orchiectomy and diagnosed by pathologically as combined germ cell tumor of testis. The testicle is measuring 180 gm in weight and 9×6×5 cm in dimension, and almostly replaced by tumor mass. Grossly the tumor is rubbery solid smooth tumor mass, with variegated cut surface with geographically outlined diffuse necrotic area. Histologically the tumor is composed of two components of tumor, which are solid growth pattern of large round to polyhedral cells with clear or granular cytoplasm and distinct cell border, and anastomosing glandular and papillary arrangement of anaplastic epithelial cells. The former corresponds to seminoma, and the latter to embryonal carcinoma. Each tumor lobule is separated by abundant fibrous stroma.
Carcinoma, Embryonal ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelial Cells ; Germ Cells* ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal* ; Orchiectomy ; Seminoma ; Testis*

No abstract available.
Neurofibromatoses*