Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrom is characterized by the absence of the vagina and the uterus, the presence of apparently normal tubes and ovaries, feminine appearance, normal female secondary sexual characteristics, a normal 46, XX karyotypes, and a feminine psychosexual orientation. Absence of the vagina results from an embryological arrest in the development of the lower portion of the Mullerian system. Various methods of surgical treatment for the vaginal absence in this syndrom have been introduced but the ideal method to restore the original dimension and function of the normal vagina was not found. The two cases reviewed in this paper were all treated with modified McIndoe operation using full thickness skin grafts. Postoperatively both women were satisfied without complications, i,e. lack of skin graft, bleeding, urethrovaginal fistula, perforation of the rectum, rectovaginal fistula and significant vaginal stricture. This paper reveals the satisfactory results that were uniformly good.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Fistula ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Ovary ; Rectovaginal Fistula ; Rectum ; Skin* ; Transplants* ; Uterus ; Vagina

Authors carried out an investigation of the helminthic parasites of the wild birds in Korea. Most wild birds were collected from Kyoung Sang Do, Kyoung Kee Do and Seoul area from September 1970 to March 1973. A total of 70 wild birds, 19 species were examined, which comprised as follows; 10 Anas platyrhynchus, 10 Anas fulicata, 4 Anas poeciolorhyncha zonorhyncha, 8 Anser albifrone albifrone, 5 Anser cygonopsis cygnoid, 10 Aythya fuligula, 6 Gallicrex cinerea, 2 Porgana fusca, 2 Phisianum calichius korponri, 4 Sterptopilla orientalis, Podiceps cristatus, Larus crasirotatus, Malantta fusca, Garis artcus, Buetes buteo, Egretta alba, Starmus philpiens, Bombycilla granulus. Trematode parasites found from six species of the wild birds. Echinostomatidae has been found from intestine of the Anas platyrhynchus platyrhynchus, Anas poeciolorhyncha zonorhyncha, Anas fulcata. Notocatylus attenuatis found from intestine of the Podiceps cristatus, Anas fulcata. Catylurus japonicus was found from rectum of the Anas platyrhynchus platyrhynchus, Anas poeciolorhyncha zonorhyncha.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Notocatylus attenuatus ; Catylurus japonicus ; Echinostoma revolutum ; Echinostoma gotoi ; Echinostoma miyagawai ; Echinoparyphium koizumi ; bird

Composite grafting remains a technique which is used reluctantly and without great hope of success. In the recent two years, unexpectedly good result of composite graft was gained from 30 cases. The purpose of our study is to identify factors influencing success and to overlook long-term problems from a cosmetic and a functional view point. A retrospective review and a questionnaire about 30 fingers of 29 patients which were operated for composite graft at Kyongju hospital of Dongguk university from March 1997 to February 1999 were carried out. In all cases of composite grafting, tie-over dressing and heat lamp were applied and left for five days. And following result and conclusion were obtained. 1. 24(80%) of 30 finger tips replaced as composite graft were survived completely or partially. 2. At children with an age range 1 to 14, the survival rate (100%) of composite grafted tips was higher than that (75%) at adults. So, patient's age was important factor for success. 3. The type of injury was more important factor than the level of amputation. The survival rate(100%) of tips to cutting injury was higher than that(75%) of tips to crushing injury. 4. The delay in time from amputation and replacement did not significantly correlate with the survival rate. But, all tips replaced within 3 hours were survived completely or partially. 5. Even if partial necrosis on grafted tips was present, a result of long-time conservative treatment with minimal debridrement was excellent. Especially in children, the tips with conservative treatment showed normal appearance, several months later. 6. Cosmetic and functional results were better in child group and in groups with higher survival rate. Most common problem in cosmetic aspect was a short digit and that in functional aspect was a tender tip. 7. As a heat lamp increased blood supply, we could obtain better outcome.
Adult ; Amputation ; Bandages ; Child ; Fingers ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hope ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Transplants*

Absence status consists of prolonged episodes during which there is a disturbance of mental function in association with a continuous repetitive or intermittent spike and wave pattern on the electroencephalography. We report a 14 year-old male who had previous history of partial to secondiary generalized seizure, showed absence status during acute phase of brainstem infarction.
Adolescent ; Brain Stem Infarctions* ; Brain Stem* ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Male ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus*

The congenital diverticulum of ventricle is a rare cardiac malformation arising from the left or right ventricle, the former being more common. Ventricular diverticulum is usually associated with other anomalies including intracardiac, midline thoracic, diaphragmatic and abdominal wall defect. The authors experienced a case of congenital diverticulum of left ventricle in nine month-old female infant. Left Blolock-Taussig shunt operation was done and total correction will be done later. Thereafter we presented a case with brief review of the related literatures.
Abdominal Wall ; Diverticulum* ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Infant ; Pulmonary Atresia*

Bilateral coronary artery fistula is very uncommon congenital anomaly which occupy small percentage of all congenital coronary artery fistula. About 20% of the cases associated with additional congenital heart disease. And it may cause congestive heart failure, especially severely in neonate. We experienced a case of neonate who was 1 day-old-male with bilateral coronary artery-right ventricular fistula associated with atrial septal defect and congestive heart failure. The Patient was admitted because dyspnea, cyanosis since birth. 2D ecgicardiogram and cardiac catheterization revealed that a fistulous communicating ; forming a large aneurysm, was noted from bilateral coronary artery emptied into the right ventricle, and there was oxygen step-up in right ventricle.
Aneurysm ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Coronary Vessels ; Cyanosis ; Dyspnea ; Fistula* ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Failure ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Oxygen ; Parturition

BACKGROUND: Neonatal hypocalcemia is not an infrequent condition, especially in the premature neonate. It is effectively treated by intravenous administration of calcium gluconate. Complications of extravasation during intraveous infusion included calcification and, occasionally necrosis. But the exact mechanism of calcinosis cutis following extravasation of calcium gluconate remains unknown and there is no specific mode of treatment except cold packs and skin graft. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the clinical and histological features in rabbits after subcutaneous injection of 10% calcium gluconate and a mixed solution of gluconate and triamcinolone acetonide. METHODS: Two rabbits were divided into 3 groups and were subcutaneously injected with the following materials on the back; 10% calcium gluconate, a mixed solution of calcium gluconate and triamcinolone acetonide, and 25% normal saline as controls respectively. The injection site including the skin and subcutaneous fat was excised and fixed with natural buffered formalin. The biopsied specimens were stained with Hematolxylin and Eosin. RESULTS: 1) In the 10% calcium gluconate injected group, there was some erthema and induration after three days. By the fifth to the seventh days there was more erythema and firm induration. At 15 days, nodules and large ulcreated lesions developed. Multiple, linear shaped, ulcreative surfaced and indurated masses were noted at 37days.l from 45days to 2months there was progressive healing with decrease in ulceration, and gradual disapppearance of the mass. Histologically, at the 8th day calcium was seen in the walls of the arteries and veins, after 15days, the reaction was at its peak and epidermal necrosis was seen on the injected site. From 30 to 3days, calcium deposition and granuloma formation were seen in the dermis. In addition discharge of calcium deposits began to place by means of transepidermal elimination. After 45days, although the response was subsiding, the calcium and mucin deposition was observed focally in the dermis. 2. In the 10% calcium gluconate and triamcinolone acetonide adjuvant injected group, there was development of some erythema at 8days. After 15days, some erythema and induration were seen of the injected site ad this gradually disappeared. By 37days, the injection site was normal in appearance. Histologically, at 15days calcium deposition was seen on the upper dermis and the injection site was histologically normal after one month. 3. In 25% normal saline injected group, the injection site was clinically normal. Histologically there was no reaction except for focal perivascular eosinophilia after 24horus. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the important mechanism of calcinosis cutis appears to be elevated concentration as well as the tissue damage at the site of the extravasation of calcium gluconate. The final common pathway of calcification is the formation of crystalline and insoluble calcium phosphate mineral, in the form of hydroxyapatite. The intralesional injection of triamcinolone for the treatment of calcinosis cutis in our study was effective due to its antiinflammatory effect and the reabsorption of calcium in the tissues.
Administration, Intravenous ; Arteries ; Bowen's Disease ; Calcinosis* ; Calcium Gluconate* ; Calcium* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Crystallins ; Dermis ; Durapatite ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Eosinophilia ; Erythema ; Formaldehyde ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Infant, Newborn ; Injections, Intralesional ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Keratoacanthoma ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Mucins ; Necrosis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Rabbits ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Transplants ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Ulcer ; Veins

BACKGROUND: Neonatal hypocalcemia is not an infrequent condition, especially in the premature neonate. It is effectively treated by intravenous administration of calcium gluconate. Complications of extravasation during intraveous infusion included calcification and, occasionally necrosis. But the exact mechanism of calcinosis cutis following extravasation of calcium gluconate remains unknown and there is no specific mode of treatment except cold packs and skin graft. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the clinical and histological features in rabbits after subcutaneous injection of 10% calcium gluconate and a mixed solution of gluconate and triamcinolone acetonide. METHODS: Two rabbits were divided into 3 groups and were subcutaneously injected with the following materials on the back; 10% calcium gluconate, a mixed solution of calcium gluconate and triamcinolone acetonide, and 25% normal saline as controls respectively. The injection site including the skin and subcutaneous fat was excised and fixed with natural buffered formalin. The biopsied specimens were stained with Hematolxylin and Eosin. RESULTS: 1) In the 10% calcium gluconate injected group, there was some erthema and induration after three days. By the fifth to the seventh days there was more erythema and firm induration. At 15 days, nodules and large ulcreated lesions developed. Multiple, linear shaped, ulcreative surfaced and indurated masses were noted at 37days.l from 45days to 2months there was progressive healing with decrease in ulceration, and gradual disapppearance of the mass. Histologically, at the 8th day calcium was seen in the walls of the arteries and veins, after 15days, the reaction was at its peak and epidermal necrosis was seen on the injected site. From 30 to 3days, calcium deposition and granuloma formation were seen in the dermis. In addition discharge of calcium deposits began to place by means of transepidermal elimination. After 45days, although the response was subsiding, the calcium and mucin deposition was observed focally in the dermis. 2. In the 10% calcium gluconate and triamcinolone acetonide adjuvant injected group, there was development of some erythema at 8days. After 15days, some erythema and induration were seen of the injected site ad this gradually disappeared. By 37days, the injection site was normal in appearance. Histologically, at 15days calcium deposition was seen on the upper dermis and the injection site was histologically normal after one month. 3. In 25% normal saline injected group, the injection site was clinically normal. Histologically there was no reaction except for focal perivascular eosinophilia after 24horus. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the important mechanism of calcinosis cutis appears to be elevated concentration as well as the tissue damage at the site of the extravasation of calcium gluconate. The final common pathway of calcification is the formation of crystalline and insoluble calcium phosphate mineral, in the form of hydroxyapatite. The intralesional injection of triamcinolone for the treatment of calcinosis cutis in our study was effective due to its antiinflammatory effect and the reabsorption of calcium in the tissues.
Administration, Intravenous ; Arteries ; Bowen's Disease ; Calcinosis* ; Calcium Gluconate* ; Calcium* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Crystallins ; Dermis ; Durapatite ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Eosinophilia ; Erythema ; Formaldehyde ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Infant, Newborn ; Injections, Intralesional ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Keratoacanthoma ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Mucins ; Necrosis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Rabbits ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Transplants ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Ulcer ; Veins

Double outlet right ventricle, a complex of congenital cardiac anomalies in which both great arteries arise wholly or in large part from the morphologic right ventricle presents diverse clinical manifestations according to the morphological characteristics. Eighty cases with DORV were diagnosed and operated at Yonsei Cardiovascular Center from 1988 to 1992. The analysis of the morphological characteristics of this anomaly and comparative study of operative methods and mortality according to the morphological classification led to the following results: 1) The location of VSD varied to be subaortic in 40 cases, subpulmonic in 15, doubly committed in 6 and noncommitted in 19 cases. The great arteries were interrelated in D-malposition in 43 cases and L-malposition in 18 and 26 cases among above mentioned 61 cases revealed the side-by-side relationship. Ten of the cases showed normal position and the rest 9, A-malposition. 2) Pulmonary stenosis was found in 60 cases, and when associated with subpulmonic VSD, occurring less frequently. PDA and ASD secundum were associated in successional order and only 3 cases were verified to carry aortic arch anomalies such as coarctation and interruption, all with subpulmonic VSD. 3) Intraventricular tunnel repair was possible in every case associated with subaortic VSD and the postoperative prognosis was excellent. In comparison, most of the cases associated with other types of VSD in which only palliative surgery or various types of intraventricular repair were performed, the general outcome was poor. But total cavopulmonary connection, one of the physiological corrective methods, showing a better postoperative prognosis is being carefully considered for its broad adoptation in future. In conclusion, double outlet right ventricle, a pathophysiological complex of various anomalies, should be thoroughly evaluated for the morphological characteristics to decide the most appropriate types of operation and for consequent improvement of prognosis.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Arteries ; Classification ; Double Outlet Right Ventricle* ; Heart Ventricles ; Mortality ; Palliative Care ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

BACKGROUND: The prostaglandin E1(PGE1) is a well known protent dilator of arteriosus. Maintaining of the patency of ductus arteriosus is crucial for the survival of patients suffering from ductus-dependent cyanotic congenital heart disease. We aimed to analyse the efficacy and the influencing factors upon PGE1 in patients suffering from this disease. METHODS: Between May 1991 and April 1993, 26 neonates and infants with ductus- dependent cyanotic congenital heart disease received on intravenous infusion of PGE1 in the Division of Pediatric Cardiology. Yonsei Cardiovascular Center. The result was a dramatic improvement in systemic arterial oxygen tension and oxygen saturation during infusion of PGE1with a dependency on the infusion of PGE1. We evaluated the arterial blood gas analysis both at the immediate pre-infusion stage and 2 hours after infusion. We aimed to analyse the factors which may influence the intravenous of PGE1to infant suffers of ducts-dependent cyanotic congenital heart disease, such as pulmonary atresia(n=14), severe pulmonary stenosis(n=7) or complete transposition of the great arteries(n=5). RESULTS: 1) There was a significant increase in PaO2 and Oxygen saturation 2 hours after the infusion of PGE1. This appeared to be unrelated to the different forms of the disease when compared with the pre-infusion values. 2) The infants' responsiveness of the ductus arteriosus appeared to be age related with significant differences emerging between the 2 group(p<.05). In infants younger than 9 hours old, the differences in PaO2 changes between pre-infusion and post-infusion of PGE1 were 16.3+/-3.7mmHg compared to just 10.4+/-0.4mmHg in infants older than 96 hours. 3) No significant difference emerged between an increase in PaO2or oxygen saturation relating to the shape of ductus arteriosus ; or the level of PaO2prior to the infusion. 4) The side effects of PGE1were as follows ; fever(84.6%),loose stool(61.5%), apnea(30.8%) and hypotension(15.4%), etc.. CONCLUSION: PGE1provides excellent medical palliation for infants suffering from ductus-dependent cyanotic congenital heart disease until the pulmonary arteries are large enough for a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt ; or until corrective surgery is possible.
Alprostadil ; Blalock-Taussig Procedure ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Cardiology ; Ductus Arteriosus ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Artery