PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the impact of nursing professionalism on the nursing performance and retention intention among psychiatric mental health nurses. METHODS: As a descriptive correlational study, this study sampled 206 psychiatric mental health nurses in six hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi area through convenience sampling. Data were collected from March 2 to 31, 2009 using a self-report questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 16.0. RESULTS: In the subscales of professionalism, the 'Sense of calling' had the highest mean score while the 'Professional organization' had the lowest mean score. A significant positive correlation was observed in nursing professionalism, nursing performance and retention intention. According to an analysis on the impact of each subscale of nursing professionalism on nursing performance and retention intention, the 'Sense of calling' and 'Autonomy' were the most significant predictor variable. CONCLUSION: The results confirmed that the improvement of psychiatric mental health nurses' professionalism increases their nursing performance and retention intention and the 'Sense of calling' and 'Autonomy' are critical prediction factors. It is necessary to come up with a strategy which strengthens nursing professionalism in order to improve psychiatric mental health nurses' performance and retention intention.
Humans ; Intention ; Mental Health ; Nursing Staff ; Professional Practice ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Retention (Psychology)

Purulent pericarditis is an infrequent but fulminant and frequently lethal disease. Purulent pericarditis tends to occur as direct extension of bacterial pneumonia or empyema in past. In recently, purulent pericarditis tends to occur in adult via contiguous spread from an early postoperative infection after thoracic surgery or trauma, infection related to infective endocarditis, extension from a subdiaphragmatic suppurative source, and hematogenous spread during bacteremia. Endogenous causes of purulent pericarditis are frequently characterized as esophageal perforations. Common causes of esophageal perforations related to purulent pericaditis which usually develop in association with mediastinitis, pneumonia and empyema include corrosive esophagitis, complication after esophageal and tracheal instrumentation and Boerhaave's syndrome. There is very little reference to the development of pericarditis in associated with esophageal perforation which does not directly communicate with the pericardium. while, although most uncommon, it is well documented that the esophagus can perforate directly into the pericardium and produce pericarditis. We experienced a case of acute purulent pericarditis after esophageal and pericardial perforation by a small fish bone in a previously healthy man. The patient was treated successfully with systemic antibiotics and pericardiotomy.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteremia ; Empyema ; Endocarditis ; Esophageal Perforation ; Esophagitis ; Esophagus ; Foreign Bodies* ; Humans ; Mediastinitis ; Pericardiectomy ; Pericarditis* ; Pericardium ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; Thoracic Surgery

PURPOSE: This study was to provide preliminary data for menstrual education and research for the early adolescents. METHODS: Participants were 320 middle school students in Gangreung city. Data collection was done from May 1 to May 30, 2004 by self administered questionnaires. RESULTS: In recollecting of menarche experiences, students felt more negative (happy 18.5%, confused 72.6%, embarrassed 82.2%, angry 38.1%, proud 26.2%, excited 15.6%, surprised 54.7%). For menarche preparation, there was a low level of explanations and knowledge of menstruation, and preparedness for menarche. Key informants regarding menstruation experiences were the mother and school teacher. The mean age of menarche was 12.3years old. 66.6% had premenstrual symptoms, and the mean score of VAS for dysmennorrhea was 4.50. Significant variables related to the VAS score were embarrassed of menarche experience (F=3.38, p=.019), preparedness for menarche (F=2.86, p=.038), and premenstrual symptoms (t=63.36, p.000), CONCLUSION: Preparation for a positive menarche experience prior to menarche is necessary. More active menstrual education should be given for early adolescents in the school and family setting. Replication studies in other regions and developing a menstrual education program is recommended. Systematic examinations of perimenstrual discomforts for early adolescents should be followed.
Adolescent ; Data Collection ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Menarche ; Menstruation* ; Mothers ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purposes of this study were to evaluate applicability of resin modified glass ionomer cements and to determine the effect of salivary contamination on the tensile bond strength. Fourty extracted human permanent premolars were prepared for bonding and standard edgewise brackets were bonded with Ortho-One, Fuji Ortho LC, Vitremer and Advance. Fourty extracted human permanent premolars were contaminated with saliva, dried and bonded with same materials above. The tensile bond strength was tested by Instron testing device after storage in normal saline at 37degrees C for 24 hours from bonding. The results were as follow : 1. The tensile bond strength of Ortho-one group was 7.68 1.76, Advance group was 7.87 2.80, Fuji Ortho LC group was 4.99 +/-2.53, Vitremer group was 2.80 0.88 MPa. The tensile bond strength in contaminated condition of Ortho-One group was 4.12 1.67, Advance group was 5.37 0.68, Fuji Ortho LC group was 4.41 1.61, Vitremer group was 2.60 1.10 MPa.. 2. Salivary contamination did not affect the tensile bond strength when compared with the uncontaminated enamel group in Fuji Ortho LC and Vitremer (p>0.05) and there was great significant difference in the tensile bond strength of Ortho-One and Advance. 3. Advance, Ortho-One and Fuji Ortho LC seemed to have clinically a proper bond strength.
Bicuspid ; Dental Enamel ; Glass Ionomer Cements* ; Glass* ; Humans ; Saliva

Premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome may have clinically significant shunting through a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Left-to-right shunting through the PDA may lead to left ventricular volume overload and pulmonary edema. We present a case of perioperative management for severe respiratory distress syndrome in a premature infant who underwent surgical closure of PDA. Under general anesthesia, the infant was successfully managed by inhaled nitric oxide, high frequency oscillation ventilation with intermittent mandatory ventilation despite intermittent hypoxia. The operation was performed safely in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Anesthesia, General ; Anoxia ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent* ; High-Frequency Ventilation ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Nitric Oxide ; Pulmonary Edema ; Ventilation

The clinical syndrome of hyperammonemic encephalopathy is often encountered in the context of decompensated liver disease. Although it is rare in patients without hepatic disease, non-hepatic causes cannot be excluded. Anesthesiologists should be careful in choosing the anesthetic agent and perioperative management for hyperammonemic patients in order to avoid acute hyperammonemia and encephalopathy. We report successful general anesthesia during GDC (Guglielmi detachable coil) embolization for a large unruptured aneurysm in the right distal internal carotid artery in a female patient with hyperammonemic encephalopathy that was caused by a portal-systemic shunt.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Aneurysm ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Female ; Hepatic Encephalopathy* ; Humans ; Hyperammonemia ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Liver Diseases

BACKGROUND: The image and status of anesthesiology as a medical specialty in the eyes of the general public has been a problem. This study assessed the patients' thoughts on anesthesiologists and their preoperative concerns and examined the influence of any previous anesthetic experience on their apprehension. METHODS: One hundred thirty-nine patients undergoing elective surgical procedures were surveyed with a questionnaire regarding their thoughts on anesthesiologists and their preoperative concerns at preoperative visits. The results were analyzed in terms of a previous experience with anesthesia. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients had previous experience with anesthesia (Group 1), and 74 patients had none (Group 2). Seventy-one percent of patients in Group 1 and 80% in Group 2 reported that a physician-anesthesiologist was in charge of their anesthesia. Regarding the responsibility for the patients' safety during the surgical procedures, 83% of patients in Group 1 and 82% in Group 2 reported that the anesthesiologists were responsible for the patients' well-being. Fifty-seven percent of patients in Group 1 and 58% in Group 2 reported that the anesthesiologists were responsible for their safe recovery from the anesthesia. The most frequent preoperative apprehensions were postoperative pain (57% in Group 1 and 62% in Group 2) and the risk of not waking up from the anesthesia (60% in Group 1 and 57% in Group 2). There were no significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Passive learning from previous anesthetic experience does not affect the patients' thoughts on the anesthesiologists and their preoperative concerns.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesiology ; Humans ; Learning ; Pain, Postoperative ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Surgical Procedures, Elective

BACKGROUND: Though caudal block is a relative simple technique, it has not been widely used in adults because of a high failure rate. We assumed that any tests to quantify the changes of sympathetic tone in the affected areas would be excellent indicators of successful block. We tested the usefulness of two candidates (pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude measured at 5th toe and calf minus 5th toe skin temperature gradient) as indicators of successful caudal block. METHODS: In 45 adult patients undergoing anal surgery with caudal block, these two variables were simultaneously measured at 2-min intervals for 20 min. A two-fold increase in the plethysmographic waveform amplitude from baseline and skin temperature gradient of 0oC were predefined as test criteria of successful block. RESULTS: While the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the skin temperature gradient test were 45.9%, 100%, 100%, and 9.1%, those of the plethysmographic waveform test were 86.5%, 100%, 100%, and 28.6%. The plethysmographic waveform test showed a significantly higher discriminative capacity than the skin temperature gradient test (94.9% vs. 48.7%, P < 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: Unlike the skin temperature gradient test, the plethysmographic waveform test showed a considerably high validity in detecting successful block. Considering its simple and real time monitoring potentials together with a high failure rate of caudal block in adults, we cautiously recommend it as a supplemental diagnostic tool to predict successful block, especially when verbal communication with patient is difficult.
Adult ; Humans ; Oximetry* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skin Temperature* ; Skin* ; Toes

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to find the factors associated with becoming obese children during the past 2 years in 6th grade children of elementary school and then to evaluate the high risk groups for childhood obesity. METHODS: The 738 children from May to June, 2001 in 6th grade of 5 elementary schools in Busan were the subjects of this study. The children's height and weight in 4th grade and 6th grade were obtained from school health records. We calculated the body mass index in 4th and 6th grades and classified into 3 weight groups (normal, at risk for obesity, and obese) according to the age and sex-specific BMI established by the Korean Academy of Pediatrics. If children's weight group in 4th grade was changed to heavier weight group in 6th grade, we defined it as increased group. Otherwise, we defined it as non-increased group. The association between the increase in weight group and parental and children's characteristics were analyzed by x2-test, x2-test for the trend, t-test, ANOVA and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Among the total, 3.3% of children with normal weight and 16.9% of children at the risk for obesity in 4th grade were transformed to increased group in 6th grade, respectively (P<0.001). Children who had excessive appetite (P<0.001), watched TV greater than or equal to 2 hours per day (P=0.004) or had an obese father (P=0.044) were more likely to become increased group. After adjusting for father's obesity, appetite and TV watching time in children, the odds ratio of transforming to increased group after 2 years in children at risk for obesity or in obese child in 4th grade was 2.5 (95% CI: 1.09~5.55) compared to children with normal weight. Children having excessive appetite were 3.2 times (95% CI: 1.42~7.01) more likely to become the increased group after adjusting for father's obesity, TV watching time and weight in 4th grade. Children watching TV greater than or equal to 2 hours/day was 2.8 times (95% CI: 1.27~6.18) more likely to become increased group after adjusting for father's obesity, appetite and weight in 4th grade. CONCLUSION: The risk of becoming obese was higher in children at risk for obesity or obese children in those with excessive appetite or those who have watched TV> or =2 hours/day for the past two years. These findings suggest promotion of educational plan to prevent childhood obesity.
Appetite ; Body Mass Index ; Busan* ; Child* ; Fathers ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Parents ; Pediatric Obesity ; Pediatrics ; Risk Factors ; School Health Services

There are substantial clinical and experimental evidences to support the hypothesis that catecholamine surge causes cardiac failure and pulmonary edema after the acute neurological events. A previous healthy 74-year-old man was submitted to an emergency craniotomy for the evacuation of the delayed subdural hemorrhage after a motorcycle accident. After anesthetic induction, profound hypotension and progressive decrease of arterial oxygen tension developed and continued for several hours in spite of fluid loading and inotropic support with dopamine in combination with dobutamine. Electrocardiographic changes and increase of serum cardiac isoenzymes suggesting myocardial infarction were absent. On auscultation, crackles were detected in both lung bases, indicating pulmonary edema. On the basis of the assumption that left ventricular dysfunction was combined with the acute pulmonary edema, with a possible neurogenic component, aggressive management including dobutamine in combination with isosorbide dinitrate was instituted. As a result, these cardio-respiratory complications rapidly resolved without any neurologic sequelae.
Aged ; Auscultation ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Craniotomy ; Dobutamine ; Dopamine ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Head* ; Heart Failure ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Isoenzymes ; Isosorbide Dinitrate ; Lung ; Motorcycles ; Myocardial Infarction ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Edema* ; Respiratory Sounds ; Ventricular Dysfunction ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left