No abstract available.
Animals ; Cryopreservation* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Mice* ; Ovum*

To find out the good visual environment for reading, the methods of illumination were studied using Arden Contrast Sensitivity System. Among various factors for comfortable reading condition such as air condition, temperature, humidity, noise and light, the intensity and characters of illumination were the most important factors for eye health. If the character of illuminations are fairly good, to make the brighter condition is better for eye hdalth. But in artificial illumination, there are so many limitations for supplying light of good characters. So we set the luminosity on the desk to 500 lx in which tbe best visual acuity presented, and checked the contrast sensitivity by changing the luminosity of the room. The results suggested that the condition in which luminosity on the desk was higher twice than the room was favorable for reading.
Contrast Sensitivity* ; Humidity ; Lighting* ; Noise ; Visual Acuity

Angiosarcomas are rare tumors, seen most commonly in the skin and soft tissue of head and neck region. But it has been described in numerous body sites including thyroid, breast, liver, spleen, bone, etc.. Their biological behaviors depend on the microscopic grade, site of origin, and multifocality. We report the unique cytological features of an angiosarcoma in pleural fluid. A 61-year-old woman presented with a 6 month history of dyspnea on exertion and chest pain. Chest computerized tomography(CT) revealed multiple subpleural small nodules in the right lung and widespread air space consolidation and pleural effusion in the left lung. CT of liver revealed multiple small low attenuated lesion. The smears obtained from pleural fluid showed hypocellularity with a hemorrhagic background. The tumor cells were highly pleomorphic oval or spindle in shape and presented singly, in loose groups, in knitted syncytial aggregates, and in acinar pattern. Their nuclei had vesicular chromatin with delineated, thick nuclear membranes and occasionally a large eosinophilic, prominent nucleolus. The cytoplasm was plump, thin or projected in spindly fashion. Almost all tumor cells showed variable sized intracytoplasmic vacuoles and their nuclei were sometimes crescentic by a huge vacuole. Occasional binucleated tumor cells and mitotic figures were present. Cellular debris and streaky materials were identified. Needle biopsy specimen from the pleura revealed anastomosing slit-like spaces lined by pleomorphic tumor cells. The tumor cells showed a strong reactivity for CD31 and vimentin and focal weak reactivity for factor VIII-related antigen.
Female ; Humans ; Follow-Up Studies ; Biopsy

Purpose: To evaluate changes in central macular thickness (CMT) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) after phacovitrectomy over a 2-year period in idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) patients. Methods: The records of 52 idiopathic ERM patients (52 eyes) who underwent phacovitrectomy, without recurrence of the condition over a 2-year follow-up period, were reviewed retrospectively. Changes in CMT and SFCT, as measured by optical coherence tomography, were analyzed and compared with those of a normal control group over a 2-year period. Results: The mean preoperative CMT and SFCT were 425.67 ± 84.67 and 257.56 ± 90.13 μm, respectively. Postoperative CMT was reduced significantly to 372.17 ± 45.26 μm at 1 year and 363.15 ± 47.35 μm at 2 years (p < 0.001). SFCT at 1 and 2 years postoperatively was significantly reduced to 238.85 ± 84.85 and 230.31 ± 87.95 μm, respectively (p < 0.001). In the control group, there was no significant change in CMT; however, the SFCT decreased by 11.09 ± 22.36 μm during the 2-year follow-up (p = 0.007). In contrast, in the patient group, CMT and SFCT decreased by 62.52 ± 71.45 and 27.25 ± 41.97 μm, respectively, showing a significant difference from the control group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.043, respectively). Both before surgery and at 1 year postoperatively, the thinner the CMT, the better the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (p = 0.010 and p = 0.018, respectively). A better postoperative BCVA at 2 years was associated with a thinner CMT and better BCVA before surgery (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions Following a phacovitrectomy procedure, ERM patients showed significant reductions in both the CMT and SFCT at the 2-year follow-up.

Perutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty(PTA) is an effective initial treatment modality in renovascularhypertension. For determination of PTA effect, the pulse pressure recording of renal artery is not simple ascompared with in femoral artery stenosis. We tried to evaluate the PTA effect of renal artery stenosis withtracing the pressure of distal renal artery. We used the cardiac catheterization apparatus(VR-12 Honeywell) as apressure monitor in two cases of focal renal arterial stenosis. The renal artery pressure was doubled after firstattempt of ballooning, and the pressure elevated up to 94% and 79% of aorta pressure in two cases, respectively,after third attempt. We believe that renal artery pressure monitoring is a good method of determination of PTAeffect in renovascular hypertension.
Angioplasty ; Aorta ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Femoral Artery ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; Methods ; Renal Artery Obstruction ; Renal Artery

PURPOSE: To report a case of cataract surgery using a piggyback method in a patient with pure nanophthalmos with an axial length under 16.00 mm in both eyes. CASE SUMMARY: The authors performed cataract surgery using a piggyback method inserting two intraocular lenses (IOLs) in a 44-year-old male with nanophthalmos with axial lengths of OD 15.36 mm, and OS 15.59 mm. Primary implantation of two IOLs of +53.0D as calculated by the SRK/T and Holladay formula was performed in the right eye using a piggyback method. In the left eye, two IOLs of +60.0D calculated by the Hoffer Q formula were implanted. Postoperative hyperopic refractive errors occurred in both eyes. The differences between the preoperative target spherical equivalent (SE) and the postoperative one year four month SE were 9.68D in the right eye and 1.63D in the left eye. CONCLUSIONS: Due to high diopter IOL requirements in nanophthalmic patients (less than 16.00 mm) during cataract surgery, the refractive errors were well corrected, without complications, by using a piggyback method. In the present case study, the Hoffer Q formula produced better results than did the SRK/T or Holladay formula in reducing the difference in preoperative and postoperative SEs, but more surgical cases and research are required to establish the most appropriate formula for cataract surgery in nanophthalmos.
Adult ; Cataract ; Eye ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Male ; Refractive Errors

PURPOSE: To compare the bleb morphology and surgical outcomes of a limbus-based group with those of a fornix-based group who underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC). METHODS: Sixty-five eyes of 59 patients who had undergone trabeculectomy with MMC and who were observed for one year or more were included in the present study. A limbus-based conjunctival flap was used for 34 eyes of 31 patients and a fornix-based conjunctival flap for the other 31 eyes of 28 patients. The bleb morphologies were classified and compared after one year or more postoperatively according to the Moorfield Bleb Grading System, and intraocular pressure and success rates were evaluated. RESULTS: The central bleb vascularity of the limbus-based group was statistically significantly lower than that of the fornix- based group (1.79 +/- 0.64; 2.16 +/- 0.73, p = 0.042). The risk of cystic bleb formation was higher in the limbus-based group (38.2%; 16.5%, p = 0.047). There were no differences in the IOP or success rate between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences between the two groups with regard to the IOP or cumulative success rate. However, in the fornix-based group, the central bleb vascularity was lower and the risk of avascular cystic bleb formation was higher than those in the limbus-based group.
Blister ; Eye ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mitomycin ; Trabeculectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical results and complications arising from scleral graft and free conjunctival autograft using tissue adhesive and temporary amniotic membrane transplantation as the surgical treatment for scleromalacia. METHODS: Scleral graft and free conjunctival autograft using tissue adhesive and temporary amniotic membrane transplantation was performed in 20 eyes of 20 patients with scleromalacia caused by pterygium excision. The surgical results and complications arising from the procedure were monitored and analyzed through follow-up. RESULTS: During the follow-up period of 17.6 +/- 5.9 months, the wound injection and edema at the free conjunctival autograft and operation site healed in all the cases except 1 at postoperative 1 month. The stability of the ocular surface for graft transplantation was maintained at postoperative 3 months. Although a partial absorption of the conjunctival autograft induced by careless treatment occurred 2 weeks postoperative in 1 case, the ocular surface stabilized due to suitable treatment after 6 months. Although the edges of the scleral graft in 3 patients were partially absorbed 6 months postoperatively, the ocular surface stability was maintained by covering the conjunctival autografts. CONCLUSIONS: For scleromalacia patients, scleral graft and free conjunctival autograft using tissue adhesive and temporary amniotic membrane transplantation rapidly stabilized the ocular surface and presented excellent aesthetic results.
Absorption ; Amnion ; Edema ; Eye ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pterygium ; Tissue Adhesives ; Transplants

Fourteen cases of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) were studied with electroretinogram (ERG) and fluorescein angiogram. The cases were divided into a venous stasis retinopathy group (VSR,9 cases) and a hemorrhagic retinopathy group(HR, 5 cases). The b/a ratio and retinal circualtion time (RCT) were measured and compared with the control group. The mean b/a ratio of the HR group (0.86) was decreased as compared with the VSR group (1.18) and the control group (1.23). The RCT of the HR group was markedly delayed to 13.68 seconds as compared with the VSR group (11.09 sec) and the control group (6.4 sec). These facts suggest that both the b/a ratio and the RCT are possible parameters for estimating retinal ischemia and that the ERG is a reliable examination method for classification of CRVO.
Adult ; *Electroretinography ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Vein Occlusion/diagnosis/*physiopathology ; Retinal Vessels/*physiopathology ; Time Factors

Purpose: The corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in mandatory masking of patients and physicians during outpatient visits. This study evaluated the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) according to mask use. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 30 healthy volunteers (60 eyes). IOP was measured via Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) for the subjects wearing one of four commonly used masks: dental, bi-folding Korean Filter (KF)94, tri-folding KF94, and dust masks. Subjects with IOP measurement errors of more than 5 mmHg were rechecked with another GAT type. Results: The mean IOP measured via GAT before mask wearing was 13.7 ± 1.7 mmHg. It was 13.5 ± 2.1, 14.0 ± 2.3, 14.3 ± 2.5, and 13.8 ± 1.6 mmHg with the dental, bi-folding KF94, tri-folding KF94, and dust masks, respectively. There were no significant differences in IOP according to mask type (p = 0.635). IOP errors above 5 mmHg were detected in three subjects who had contact between the GAT feeler arm and tri-folding KF94 mask during IOP measurement. Conclusions The IOP as measured via GAT is artificially elevated by mechanical interference from the tri-fold KF94 mask. To minimize such mask-induced artifacts in GAT measurements, compress the patient’s mask or change the mask type to prevent any contact during measurement.