PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the two-dimensional with three-dimensional radiographic measurements of polyethylene liner wear in the Harris-Galante II acetabular cup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured the polyethylene liner wear amount and the wear rate of 64 hips with Harris-Galante II acetabular cup by two methods: Livermore's method and modified Devane's method. We evaluated the relationships between the two methods. RESULTS: The average total amount of wear and the average wear rate are 0.86+/-1.01 mm and 0.18+/-0.20 mm/year using the two-dimensional method and 0.99+/-1.01 mm and 0.21+/-0.2 mm/year using three-dimensional method respectively. The amount of wear and the wear rate by the three-dimensional method was larger than those by the two dimensional method. CONCLUSION: The amount of polyethylene liner wear can be measured by the two-dimensional method because it is highly correlated with the amount that is measured by the three-dimensional method, since there was no differences between the two methods.
Acetabulum* ; Hip ; Polyethylene*

To estimate the possibility of the application of TiN ion-plating to the orthodontic appliance, colorimetric properties, and characteristics of ion-plated film as well as adhesive strength of TiN film to the substrate and mechanical properties of ion-plated orthodontic appliance were investigated. The obtained results were as follows: 1) TiN ion-plated film had the colorimetric properties which were the hue of about 2.5 Y, the brightness of about 6, and the chroma of about 4 by the standard color chip of JIS. 2) TiN ion-plated film was 2micrometer in thickness and its deposition pattern was rather irregular. 3) TiN phase was confirmed on the X-ray diffraction pattern. 4) Critical load for delamination of ion-plated film from stainless steel band was 10N. 5) Tensile and yield strength of ion-plated specimen was increased about 10Kg,f/mm2 , while elongation was decreased 1% com pairing to the values of the non ion-plated specimen.
Adhesives ; Orthodontic Appliances* ; Stainless Steel ; Tin* ; X-Ray Diffraction

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

The bone marrow biopsy is an integral part of the staging process in patients with malignant lymphomas. Bone marrow(BM) involvement indicates stage IV disease, but there are always a lot of cases in which clear separation is not possible when based on morphology alone. Additional difficulties are caused by morphologic discordance between the BM and the primary lymphoma. Immunohistochemical stain, mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) for light chain restriction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for IgH CDR3 and TCRgamma were performed to find a minimal lesion and the clonality in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues of 39 primary lymphomas and corresponding BM biopsy specimens. As a result, nine morphologically negative bone marrows of 18 lymphomas were positive by PCR (Group I). Among the 6 lymphoma cases with morphologically suspicious BM involvement (Group II), one was confirmed to be positive for marrow involvement by both mRNA ISH and PCR and the other four by PCR alone. The positive bone marrows of Group I and II revealed gene rearrangement at the same site as the primary lesion, suggesting the same clonality. Thirteen of 15 lymphomas with morphologically positive BM (Group III) had the same clonality in the primary lymphomas and the BM lesion. Three cases among the Group III with morphologic discordance also revealed the same clonality by PCR. This study shows that a combination of mRNA ISH and PCR in addition to an immunohistochemical stain improves the diagnostic sensitivity in the detection of BM involvement and identification of clonality. Among the three different methods used, PCR is the most sensitive in detecting a minimal lesion.
Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Formaldehyde ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lymphoma* ; Paraffin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger

To estimate the possibility of clinical application of TiN ion-plated Elgiloy(Co-Cr wire), measurements of tensile strength and hardness were made on the four tempers on each of the manufactured Elgiloy, the (heat-treated) Elgiloy for 30 minutes at 250degrees C and the TiN ion-plated Elgiloy. For comparison, the tensile strength and hardness of Stainless Steel wires were also measured. The following are the results of the study: · In the 4 tempers, tensile strength was the greatest in the TiN ion-plated group, followed by the heat-treated Elgiloy group and the manufactured Elgiloy group, but no statistical difference was noticed between heat-treated and manufactured Elgiloy groups(P<0.05). · In each temper, tensile strength- of ion-plated Elgiloy increased- about l0kgf/mm` in comparison with the values of the manufactured Elgiloy. · In yellow, green and red tempers except the blue, hardness was the greatest in ion-plated group. In the blue temper, there was no statistical difference between heat: treated and manufactured Elgiloy groups(P<0.05). · In each temper, hardness of ion-plated Elgiloy increased about 50-90VHN in comparison with the values of the manufactured Elgiloy. · The tensile strength of Stainless Steel wire was similar to that of the red temper of manufactured Elgiloy and the green temper of ion-plated Elgiloy.
Hardness ; Hot Temperature ; Orthodontic Wires* ; Stainless Steel ; Tensile Strength ; Tin*

The frictional force has been considered as an harmful factor in an active unit where tooth movement occurs, but as an advantageous factor in anchor unit that resist tooth movement. That is, efficient tooth movement is planned by using ligation methods that have low levels of bracket-wire frictional force and the anchorage control can be achieved by using ligation methods that have high levels of bracket-wire frictional force that result in binding of the bracket accompanied by little or no tooth movement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frictional force generated between bracket and wire in accordance with the methods of ligation, the material of ligation and the passage of time under artificial saliva. Tested were 0.017X0.022 inch stainless steel wires in standard edgewise twin brackets for upper central incisors in a 0.018-inch slot The wires were ligated into the brackets with elastomeric modules and stainless steel ligatures. Whole tie, half tie, twisting tie and double overlay tie were done with elastomeric modules. With 0.009-inch stainless steel ligature whole tie and half tie were done by needle holder and whole tie by ligature tying plier. With 0.012-inch stainless steel ligature whole ties were done by needle holder. Whole tie groups of elastomeric module were kept in artificial saliva bath at 37degress C for 28 days. The frictional force was recorded by means of an Instron universial testing instrument (4202 INSTRON, Instron Co., U.S.A.) at initial, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results for ligated samples in a simulated oral environment revealed the following: In elastomeric module whole tie, 28 days group was significantly greater mean static frictional force than any other group but there were no significant differences among any other group (p>0.05). Elastomeric module twisting ties were significantly greater mean static frictional forces than any other ligation method but there were no significant differences between twisting tie and double overlay tie (p>0.05). Twisting tie, double overlay tie, whole tie, half tie showed differences in decreasing order. Stainless steel half tie produced lower mean static frictional forcee than whole tie, ligation by ligature tying plier produced greater mean static frictional force than by needle holder and ligation with 0.012-inch stainless steel ligature produced greater mean static frictional force than with 0.009-inch stainless steel ligature (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the mean static frictional forces of elastomeric whole tie and stainless steel whole tie (p>0.05).
Baths ; Elastomers ; Friction* ; Humans ; Incisor ; Ligation* ; Needles ; Orthodontic Brackets* ; Saliva, Artificial ; Stainless Steel ; Tooth Movement

This study was conducted to see the effect of TiN ion-plating on the bond strength of orthodontic bracket. Three stainlesssteel brackets with different base types were chosen; when TiNTion-plated brackets and non ion-plated brackets were bonded to the teeth, initial and long-term bond strength were measured The observations of bonding surface and failure sites through the scanning electron microscope were analysed and compared. The summary of this study was as follows: When TiN ion-plating was not applied, the Micro-Loc type was the highest in bond strength atter 24 hours as 5.89+/-1.77 MPa, followed by 4.27+/-1.12 MPa for Foil Mesh type and 2.64+/-0.58 MPa for Undercut type(P<0.05). Under TiN ion-plating, the bond strength after 24 hours showed: Micro-Loc type - 6.26+/-1.51 MPa, Foil Mesh type - 7.45+/- 2.01 MPa, Undercut type - 2.93+/-0.84 MPa Unlike in the case of non ion-plating, Foil Mesh type showed a higher strength than Micro-Loc type, with Undercut type still showing the lowest bond strength(P<0.05). The bond strength, after 24 hours, increased in case of ion-plated in all 3 types, but a significant increase was shown only in Foil Mesh type(P<0.001). Under a long-term immersion, regardless of ion or non ion-plating, bond strength in general increased over the initial bond strength(one day), with more stability. Through scanning electron microscopic observation of bonding surface, it was found that, regardless of the bracket base type or the application of ion-plating, the resin was thoroughly spreaded into bracket base to form a solid bonding surface between the bracket and the tooth.. This was also true in case of a long-term immersion. The scanning electron microscopic observation of failure sites revealed diverse failure patterns.
Immersion ; Orthodontic Brackets* ; Tin* ; Tooth

To estimate the possibility in the application of TiN ion-plating to the orthodontic appliance, this study investigated frictional force and frictional coefficient between non-ionplated and TiN ion-plated to the orthodontic appliance. The obtained results were as follows: 1. For each group, the frictional force between metal bracket and arch wire in the wet condition was exhibited lower than that in the dry condition. 2. In the dry condition, the frictional force was lowest with fourth group, and it increased in the order of the 3rd, 1st, and 2nd group. Same situation happened in the wet condition. 3. Experimental results using ceramic & plastic bracket showed that group B was lower than group A, and group D was similar to group C. 4. The surface texture after experiment showed that the scratch due to a friction with bracket was observed in an arch wire of dry contition. Also the surface of bracket was rougher than before. 5. We observed that a specimen surface processed with the TiN ion plating was smoother than that of without the TiN ion plating. 6. The surface texture of a metal bracket and an arch wire in the wet condition was observed smoother than that in the dry condition. 7. In the dry condition, the friction coefficient of each specimen was very similar to each other, but in the wet condition, the friction coefficient of specimen processed with the TiN ion plating showed lower values.
Ceramics ; Friction* ; Orthodontic Appliances* ; Plastics ; Tin*

The effectiveness of TiN ion-plating was examined with TiN ion-plated Co-Cr wires(016", 016"X.022") on three different types of bracket(TiN ion-plated metal bracket, ceramic bracket and plastic bracket). Maximum static frictional forces and characteristic curves obtained from the frictional characteristic graph, were compared and surface roughness of wires and bracket slots before and after friction experiment was observed by SEM. The obtained results were as follows. · The frictional forces of TiN ion-plated wires were significantly lower than those of non ion-plated wires(P<0.O5 ).· On the effect of wire shape, the frictional forces of round wires were significantly lower than those of rectangular wires(P<0.05). · As the result of the SEM observation on the wires and bracket slots after the friction experiment, the surface of non ion-plated wires was rougher than that of TiN ion-plated ones. · The difference between the static frictional forces and the kinetic frictional forces was not significant in case of the TiN ion-plated round wires, but the static frictional forces were a little higher than the kinetic frictional forces in the TiN ion-plated rectangular wires. · The static frictional forces were much higher than the kinetic frictional forces in the case of non ion-plated wires.
Ceramics ; Friction* ; Orthodontic Wires* ; Plastics ; Tin*

Purpose: To retrospectively compare the fixation methods for reattaching a trochanteric fragment in a pertrochanteric fracture treated with bipolar hemiarthroplasty. Materials and methods: Forty cases of an unstable femur pertrochanteric fracture were analyzed and followed up for average of 19(6~40) months. There were 18 cases fixed with tension band wiring (group 1), 7 cases treated using modified tension band wiring with K-wires (group 2) and 15 cases treated with the GTRD (Greater Trochanteric Reattachment Device) (group 3). Result: Group 1 was treated with simple a surgical procedure and the results were good. The second group had firm fixation postoperatively but required additional surgery in two cases to remove the K-wires because of wire migration after ambulation. Group 3 had relatively good results but required more dissection and a longer operating time. Conclusion: Tension band wiring or GTRD are good fixation methods for reattaching trochanteric fragments in pertrochanteric fractures. Moreover, tension band wiring is recommended for old osteoporotic patients due to a simple procedure and firm fixation. The use of modified tension band wiring using K-wire or a Steinmann-pin should not be used due to the possibility of distant migration.
Femur* ; Hemiarthroplasty* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Walking