Rhabdomyosarcoma which was first described by Weber has generally been considered asan uncommon tumor. Pack and Eberhart were of the opinion that rhabdomyosarcoma represented 13.9 percent of soft tissue sarcomata. Recently it was classified as four types such as pleomorphic, embryonal, botryoid and alveolar type by many authors. We have experienced two cases of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, one arised within left leg and the other within right foot. The former(3 months old, female) showed tumor mass at birth, the latter(13 months old, male) showed at 1 month after birth.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Foot ; Leg ; Parturition ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal

No abstract available.
Cardiac Catheterization* ; Cardiac Catheters* ; Echocardiography* ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis*

PURPOSE: Combined chemoradiotherapy is standard management for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC), but standard treatment for elderly patients with LA-NSCLC has not been confirmed yet. We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for elderly patients with LA-NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among patients older than 65 years with LA-NSCLC, 36 patients, who underwent CCRT were retrospectively analyzed. Chemotherapy was administered 3-5 times with 4 weeks interval during radiotherapy. Thoracic radiotherapy was delivered to the primary mass and regional lymph nodes. Total dose of 54-59.4 Gy (median, 59.4 Gy) in daily 1.8 Gy fractions and 5 fractions per week. RESULTS: Regarding the response to treatment, complete response, partial response, and no response were shown in 16.7%, 66.7%, and 13.9%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates were 58.2% and 31.2%, respectively, and the median survival was 15 months. The 1- and 2-year progression-free survivals (PFS) were 41.2% and 19.5%, respectively, and the median PFS was 10 months. Regarding to the toxicity developed after CCRT, pneumonitis and esophagitis with grade 3 or higher were observed in 13.9% (5 patients) and 11.1% (4 patients), respectively. Treatment-related death was not observed. CONCLUSION: The treatment-related toxicity as esophagitis and pneumonitis were noticeably lower when was compared with the previously reported results, and the survival rate was higher than radiotherapy alone. The results indicate that CCRT is an effective in terms of survival and treatment related toxicity for elderly patients over 65 years old with LA-NSCLC.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Esophagitis ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Pneumonia ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Durapatite* ; Dust* ; Rabbits* ; Transplants*

This study aimed to investigate the existence of GABA receptor and the mechanisms of action of GABA and diazepam of the trachealis muscle isolated from dog. Horizontal muscle strips of 2mm×15mm were prepared from canine trachea, and isometric myography in isolated muscle chamber bubbled with 95/5%-O₂/CO₂ at 36℃, at the pH of 7.4 was performed. Muscle strips contracted responding to the electrical field stimulation (ESP) by 2~20 Hz, 20 msec, monophasic square wave of 60 VDC. GABA and diazepam suppressed the EFS-induced contractions to the similar extent, significantly. (p<0.05). Bicuculline, a GABA(A) receptor antagonist blocked both GABA- and diazepam-inhibitions; but DAVA, a GABA(B) receptor antagoinst did not affect either of them. These results suggest than in the canine trachealis muscle, there may be only GABA(A) receptor, and GABA and diazepam inhibit the contractility via GABA(A) receptor.
Animals ; Bicuculline ; Diazepam ; Dogs ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Myography ; Receptors, GABA ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Trachea

There are a number of published reports aimed at clarifying the effect of hormonal contracept -ives upon the quantity and quality of breast milk during postpartum and lactation periods. As to the volume of milk produced by breast feeding mothers, many authors seem to have agreed on a decrease as an established pattern in the periods following regular administration of oral contraceptives containing estrogen in varying dosage. The quality of milk following administration of hormonal contraceptives, however, remsins a controversial issue. Korea's experience in oral contraceptive is rather a brief one, but use of Eugynon has been widespread and frequent since this hormonal contraceptive was introduced into the national program in 1967. The authors have reviewed the potential significance of data concerning regular use of an oral contraceptive as affecting lactation, and have sought to clarify the interrelationship between the administration of Eugynon and quantity and quality of breast milk from mothers contracepting. with Eugynon in different periods following confinement. A total of 85 women, who were at different periods following deliveries, have been divided into, two groups, one comprising 28 women regularly taking oral pills and the other (57 women) not resorting to hormonal contraceptives if they were contracepting at all. 1. Milk Volume. In view of the possible influence of suckling on the amount of milk produced, efforts were made in this study to standardize the technique by extracting breastmilk by applying manual pressures on one side of the maw-nae, While the nipple on the other side was being sucked by the mother's own baby. The effetct of an exogenic ovarian hormone on the quantity as well as quality of breastmilk is generally understood to be inapparent until the drug is administered to women whose milk secreting function has been normalized. ") In the present study, it was observed that the decrease in the ammount of milk obtained from mothers in the periods following the 4th cycle of oral contraceptives or thereafter has turned out to be statistically insignificant. This result conforms i.u the findings by Tubari and others. It is assumed that it takes at lest 2 to 3 cycles of use before mammary glands are functionally adjusted to the use of exogenic hormonal contraceptives. 2. Specific Gravity and Composition of Milk There was no noticeable change in the protein and chloride content following continuous administration of ore.l contraceptives, while meaningful changes were observed in fat (increase) and calcium (decrease up to the 5th cycle use) contents. Also, there was a rather significant decrease in the specific gravity in the period following administration of the first cycle of the oral contraceptive. The findings from the present study partially conforms the results published by Ramadan and others, who reported that little change was noticed in the contents of total solids. ash, chlorides and lactose in the breast milk of women who had taken 4 cycles of ovosiston, although in our study lactose was not measured. Ramaden, however, reported that fat content did increase in the same milk, as in our study. A definitive conclusion, however, could not be made unless measures are taken to rule out the physiological changes of the maternal body affecting the composition of milks.
Breast Feeding ; Calcium ; Chlorides ; Contraceptive Agents ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Estrogens ; Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination ; Female ; Health Resorts ; Humans ; Lactation* ; Lactose ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Milk ; Milk, Human ; Mothers ; Nipples ; Postpartum Period ; Specific Gravity

Soft tissues, which are wide spread in body, are derived from a common primitive mesenchyme and the tumors are arising from them tend to closely resemble the prototype tissues in varying degree. Some soft tissue tumors have benign course, which can be cured by local excision and the others have malignant course being resistant to therapy and resulting in recurrence or metastasis to other organs or tissues. The authors reviewed 241 cases of soft tissue tumors which had been received treatment at Department of Orthopedic Surgery in Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine from January 1972 to December 1981. The results were obtained as follows: l. Among 241 cases of soft tissue tumors, 202 (83.8%) were benign and 39 (16.2%) were malignant. 2. The most common benign tumor was lipoma (68.7%) which was followed by hemangioma (8.4%), neurofibroma (6.4%) and schwannoma (5.0%) in decreasing order of incidence. Among malignant tumors, fibrosarcoma (35.9%) and rhabdomyosarcoma (33.3%) were the two most common ones, liposarcom (12.8%) and Kaposi's sarcoma (7.7%) being the next common group of tumors. 3. There was no apparent sex preference in benign soft tissue tumors, but in malignant tumors, male was affected about 3 times more common than female. 4. There was no predilection sites in benign tumors, which in malignant tumors, lower extremity was predominant site of occurence. 5. Metastasis of the malignant tumors was taken placed 13 cases (33.3%) at the time of admission, and the lung was the most common frequent site of metastasis. 6. Most of the benign tumors were treated by local excision, and malignant tumors were treated by wide excision with combination of chemotherapy and/or irradiation. 7. Local recurrence of benign tumors was developed in 12 (5.9%) out of 202 cases. 8. Among 19 cases, on follow up examination had been made, 13 survived more than 1 year and 2 cases longer than 5 years after surgery.
Clinical Study ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Fibrosarcoma ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lipoma ; Lower Extremity ; Lung ; Male ; Mesoderm ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neurilemmoma ; Neurofibroma ; Orthopedics ; Recurrence ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Sarcoma, Kaposi

Carpal tunnel syndrome is most commonly applied to compression neuropathy of the median nerve at the wrist, and is the most cause of buring pain, numbness and tingling in the thumb, index and long fingers, and in the lateral half of the palm, with or without progressive atrophy of the thenar muscles. Fifteen symptomatic hands of 13 patients of the carpal tunnel syndrome managed and operated at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery Severance Hospital from Jan. 1972 to Mar. 1982 were analized in clinical aspect. l. Among 13 patients, 3 were male and 10 were female. 2. Nine patients (69.2%) were affected on dominant hand. 3. Average duration of the symptoms was 17 months. 4. In electromyographic study, conduction delay of the motor fiber of the median nerve was found in 11 cases(73.3%) and sensory fiber in 13 cases(86.6%). Fibrillation of the thenar muscles was found in 11 cases(73.3%). 5. Ten patients, 11 cases were followed up from 11 months to 9 years and 11 months and 72.8% was improved.
Atrophy ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Male ; Median Nerve ; Muscles ; Orthopedics ; Thumb ; Wrist

The majority of fractures of the distal humerus in adults involves the articular surface and also shows the shape of T or Y type and comminuted fracture, this type of fracture is rare in human fractures. The fracture of the distal humerus occurs more frequently in adults than children and has more complications and is more difficult to treat. There are various rnethods of treatments. The Orthopedic Surgery dept of Keimyung Univ. School of medicine has carried out the follow-up studies among 26 cases of inpatients with comminuted fractures, of the distal humerus (who have been admitted to the hospital) from the period beginning Jan, 1978 to May, 1983, and the results are as follows: 1. There were more frequently occured in male (53.8%), and mean age was 43.5 years. 2. There were no bilateral fractures and more common in right side (57.7%) 3. Traffic accidents were the most frequent cause (46.1%), followed by slipping down(38.5%), falls from height, and athletic injuries. 4. The Tyte IIl (50.0%) was most common by Riseborough and Radin classification followed by the order of type IV, type II and type I . 5. In the case of operative treatment, the duration of immobilization took a shorter period than with conservative treatment and the former showed a relatively good prognosis. 6. Better prognosis was obtained by using K-wire fixation, especially in the case of severe comminuted type IV fracture.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Athletic Injuries ; Child ; Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Humans ; Humerus ; Immobilization ; Inpatients ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Prognosis

The Kuntscher nail has been used widely for the treatment of femoral shaft fracture with the advantage of early weight bearing and early joint movement. But it has some disadvantages that are harmful in bone-union by the wide intramedullary reaming, and rotation and bending of the device. Schneider devised four flanged nail to be able to eliminate the disadvantage of the Kiintscher nail. The author have experienced the 16 cases of Schneider nailing in the fractures of femoral shaft at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ewha Womans University Hospital from Feb., 1982 to Apr., 1984. The following results were obtained. 1. There were common in male (14 cases) and active ages (13 cases). 2. The most common cause was trauma with 14 cases and the other was pathological fracture. 3. Indications of Schneider nailing were wide than those of Kiintscher nailing. 4. Usual intervals between the injury and operation was one week. 5. Mean operating time was one hour and 25 minutes, and blood loss during the operation was 410cc. 6. After treatment, we usually permitted the exercises of quadriceps setting and non-weight bering walking within 1 week, partial-weight bearing walking within 4 weeks and full weight bearing walking within 4 months. 7. The results of 13 cases among 15 cases were better than good. 8. There were no complications such deformities as rotation, shortening and angulation because of specialized structure of Schneider nail. Also, Schneider nailing could prevent the nonunion and infection because there was need of reaming the medullary canal.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Exercise ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Humans ; Joints ; Male ; Walking ; Weight-Bearing