No abstract available.
Calcium* ; Chemotaxis* ; Neutrophils*

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria(PNH) is a rare, acquired disease involving multiple hematopoietic lines. Characteristics of PNH are intrinsic hemolytic anemia, iron deficiency anemia and venous thrombosis. report a case of PNH with characterostoc MR and CT findings. The signal intensity of renal cortex was lower than that of medulla on both T1- and T2- weighted MR imaging. On T2 weighted MR images, the liver showed very low signal intensity but the signal intensity of the spleen was normal. On precontrast CT the attenuation of renal cortex was higher than that of renal medulla and the attenuation of liver was higher than that of the spleen. These findings of MR imaging and CT were the result from the deposition of hemosiderin in the cells of proximal convoluted tubules and transfusional hemosiderosis of liver.
Anemia, Hemolytic ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal* ; Hemosiderin ; Hemosiderosis ; Liver ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Spleen ; Venous Thrombosis

Progressive renal fibrosis is considered to be the final common pathway leading to chronic renal insufficiency, however, the mechanism regarding renal fibrosis in renal injury is not well understood. Recently, several kinds of cytokines have been known to be related to fibrosis after renal injury. The interaction between elements regulating fibrogenesis would be better understood by looking at the effect of TGF-beta1 on the synthesis and accumulation of extracellular matrix, especially collagenous proteins. Crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) was induced in New Zealand White rabbits by administration of guinea pig anti-GBM IgG after sensitization with guinea pig IgG; and their kidneys were analyzed for the development of crescents and fibrosis through sequential renal biopsies. Serum creatinine levels in a time course progressively increased until day 15. We semi-quantitatively assayed the levels of the expression of alpha1(I) collagen mRNA and TGF-beta1 mRNA factored for GAPDH mRNA using RT-PCR. We observed a progressive interstitial fibrosis and the expression of collagen I both in the cortex and medulla. The effect of repeated renal biopsy itself on pathology and on the expression of alpha1(I) collagen mRNA and TGF-beta1 mRNA in a time course were not significant, but a very mild increase of the expression of alpha1(I) collagen mRNA was noted at day 15. Histology showed a progressive crescent formation and interstitial fibrosis in a time course that roughly paralleled the expression of alpha1(I) collagen mRNA in both cortex and medulla. TGF-beta1 mRNA was hardly expressed at day 0 in cortex as well as in medulla. It was elevated from day 1, peaked at day 7, and then decreased. In medulla, TGF-beta1 mRNA was noticeably expressed at day 1, peaked at day 4, and then decreased. The expression of alpha1(I) collagen mRNA was seen even before inducing CGN. It was gradually and continuously increased until day 15 both in cortex and medulla. These results suggest that the expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA precedes that of alpha1(I) collagen mRNA in the early stage of CGN and has a central role for provoking the accumulation the collagen I, the most representative interstitial extracellular matrix, in the rabbit model CGN induced by anti-GBM antibody. We conclude that the measurement of the expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA and/or alpha1(I) collagen mRNA in a biopsy sample can be a useful predictor for renal outcome.
Animals ; Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease ; Biopsy ; Collagen ; Creatinine ; Cytokines ; Extracellular Matrix* ; Fibrosis ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Guinea Pigs ; Immunoglobulin G ; Kidney ; Pathology ; Rabbits ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; RNA, Messenger* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

BACKGROUND: Direct laryngoscope may be less useful under conditions of limited visualization. Light wand is a lighted stylet to transilluminate neck tissues allowing intubation without visualization. Thus, difficult intubation due to anatomy can be overcome. For comparison of light wand and direct laryngoscope, we checked time to intubation (TTI), success rate, relation of TTI and thyromental distance (TMD), and change of blood pressure and heart rate after intubation. METHODS: We selected and randomly allocated sixty adults to direct layngoscope group (D) and light wand group (L). Without premedication, propofol and vecuronium were injected for intubation. Time to intubation was measured from the time of grasping direct laryngoscope or light wand until the time of inserting endotracheal tube into trachea. We checked the change of blood pressure and heart rate after intubation, and studied the correlation of TTI and TMD. RESULTS: TTI was 16.5 sec (6.53~115.3 sec) for group D and 11.8 sec (4.31~36.0 sec) for group L. There was no significant difference between the groups. The rise of blood pressure and heart rate was less with light wand. There was a correlation of [TTI]=1248- 388[TMD]-30[TMD]2 in group L patients whose TMD is less than 7 cm. CONCLUSION: Compared with direct laryngoscope, light wand is as easy to use and can be more effective especially for patients whose anatomy may make intubation difficult or whose cardiovascular system is unstable.
Adult ; Blood Pressure* ; Cardiovascular System ; Hand Strength ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Laryngoscopes* ; Neck ; Premedication ; Propofol ; Trachea ; Vecuronium Bromide

BACKGROUND: Direct laryngoscope may be less useful under conditions of limited visualization. Light wand is a lighted stylet to transilluminate neck tissues allowing intubation without visualization. Thus, difficult intubation due to anatomy can be overcome. For comparison of light wand and direct laryngoscope, we checked time to intubation (TTI), success rate, relation of TTI and thyromental distance (TMD), and change of blood pressure and heart rate after intubation. METHODS: We selected and randomly allocated sixty adults to direct layngoscope group (D) and light wand group (L). Without premedication, propofol and vecuronium were injected for intubation. Time to intubation was measured from the time of grasping direct laryngoscope or light wand until the time of inserting endotracheal tube into trachea. We checked the change of blood pressure and heart rate after intubation, and studied the correlation of TTI and TMD. RESULTS: TTI was 16.5 sec (6.53~115.3 sec) for group D and 11.8 sec (4.31~36.0 sec) for group L. There was no significant difference between the groups. The rise of blood pressure and heart rate was less with light wand. There was a correlation of [TTI]=1248- 388[TMD]-30[TMD]2 in group L patients whose TMD is less than 7 cm. CONCLUSION: Compared with direct laryngoscope, light wand is as easy to use and can be more effective especially for patients whose anatomy may make intubation difficult or whose cardiovascular system is unstable.
Adult ; Blood Pressure* ; Cardiovascular System ; Hand Strength ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Laryngoscopes* ; Neck ; Premedication ; Propofol ; Trachea ; Vecuronium Bromide

BACKGREOUND: Cerebral damage caused by hemorrhagic shock presents an important challenge for critical care medicine. The type of fluid to resuscitate hemorrhagic shock is important for the outcome of such patients. Pentastarch is low-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starch, which increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) by plasma volume expansion and compensatory vasodilation, and improves the microcirculation in the ischemic brain area by reducing the blood viscosity. METHODS: The authors continuously determined CBF and CMRO2 in 10 mongrel dogs weighing 20.1 +/- 0.8 kg with posterior sagittal sinus outflow method. Dogs were subjected to the 20 minute-period of hemorrhagic shock to a mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg. The shock phase was followed by resuscitation with the same volume of 10% pentastarch as blood loss. The authors assessed the changes of CBF, CMRO2, and CBF/CMRO2 ratio immediately and 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes after pentastarch infusion. Brain water content was assessed by the wet-dry weight method. RESULTS: CBF was increased above the control level, immediately and 30 minutes after 10% pentastarch infusion (p<0.05), and approximated to the control level for the remaining time. CMRO2 was increased, immediately and 30, 60, 90 minutes after 10% pentastarch infusion (p<0.05), and approximated to the control level at 120 minutes. CBF/CMRO2 ratio was recovered to the control level after 10% pentastarch infusion. Brain water content was not significantly different from the normal value of dogs. CONCLUSION: 10% pentastarch may be used with safety to resuscitate hemorrhagic shock because it recovers the balance between the cerebral oxygen supply and demand, and does not cause cerebral edema.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Viscosity ; Brain ; Brain Edema ; Critical Care ; Dogs ; Humans ; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives* ; Microcirculation ; Oxygen* ; Plasma Volume ; Reference Values ; Resuscitation ; Shock ; Shock, Hemorrhagic* ; Starch ; Vasodilation

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop nursing standards for medical patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) patients. METHODS: This study was a methodological study. The content of nursing standards for medical patients with CAD developed in this study was validated. The nursing standards of cardiovascular nursing developed by the American Nurses Association (2008), the nursing standards developed by the Korea Nurses Association (2003) and a clinical manual of patients with CAD developed by K teaching hospital were reviewed. Literature regarding CAD nursing standards was also reviewed. The basic contents of nursing standards for medical patients with CAD were selected by an expert group including two nursing faculties, a cardiovascular unit manager, and two cardiologists. A pilot study was conducted then in real clinical settings, in which includes cardiovascular outpatient clinic, cardiovascular inpatient units, and cardiac intensive care units to evaluate clinical suitability of the nursing standards. RESULTS: The final version of the nursing standards for medical patients with CAD included 12 standards, 24 criteria, 38 indicators and 92 nursing activities. CONCLUSION: The nursing standards developed in this study can be used in evaluating quality of nursing service and in educating nurses who are involved in patients with CAD.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; American Nurses' Association ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Faculty, Nursing ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea ; Nursing Services ; Pilot Projects

No abstract available.
Hearing*

No abstract available.
Interleukin-6* ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney*

Secondary amyloidosis is a severe complication of refractory rheumatoid arthritis for which no effective treatment exists. Although the benefits of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis treatment are well known, their role in renal amyloidosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis is unclear and their safety in patients with chronic kidney disease is not well reported. We present an unusual case of a 65-year-old female with moderate renal failure and severe proteinuria, who was diagnosed with secondary amyloidosis associated with refractory rheumatoid arthritis subsequent to treatment with corticosteroids, methotrexate, hydroxychlorquine, and leflunomide. She was treated with etanercept 25 mg, administered as a subcutaneous injection twice weekly for 8 months. The patient had no complications following the treatment. Treatment with etanercept led to a decrease in proteinuria and stabilization of renal function over time.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Aged ; Amyloidosis* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Methotrexate ; Proteinuria ; Renal Insufficiency ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Etanercept