No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E*

No abstract available.
Alcoholism* ; Memory*

This report offers descriptive data about the drugs utilized in outpatient department (OPD) of Yeungnam University Hospital (YUH) in the period of March to August in 1985. The data in this report were produced by the computerized totalization of the number of mentions of individual drugs included in the prescriptions. The 100 drug entries that were most frequently recorded are listed in rank order. The listing is arbiturarily restricted to the drugs that were prescribed as single preparations, the drugs of basis of compound preparations and the drugs of adjuvant or corrective of compound preparations that have significant therapeutic effects either by generic names. And in addition, the listing also involves the compound preparations used in relatively large frequency, and the individual components of which have the unique pharmacological actions each other by proprietary names. And all routes of administrations were allowed. The 10 drugs most frequently named are diazepam, aluminum compounds, acetaminophen, isoniazid, metoclopramide, polaramine®, carboxymethylcystein, ephedrine, codeine and caroverine in order. The 521, 855 drug mentions listed as above are described by the chief therapeutic usage that each is intended to apply generally. The drugs which account the largest proportion of total mentions were those acting on the central nervous system (20.57%), including tranquillizers and sedative hypnotics (11.71%), analgesic antipyretics (5.55%), antidepressants (2.15%) etc. Gastrointestinal drugs and smooth muscle preparations (18.64%) included antacids and antiulcer drugs (9.24%), antiemetics (3.57%), spasmolytics (3.14%) and others. Respiratory drugs (16.11%) included expectorants and cough preparations (10.99%) and bronchodilators (5.12%). Chemotherapeutic agents (15.12%) included the antiTbc drugs (7.09%) most frequently, and the penicillins (3.33%) accounted the largest proportion among the antibiotics. Cardiovascular drugs (5.64%) included cardiac drugs and coronary vasodilator (4.12%) and antihypertensives and vasodilators (1.06%). And antiinflammatory drugs (4.33%), vitamins of single preparations (3.76%), hormones and their antagonists (3.29%), common cold preparations (3.12%), diuretics (2.81%), drugs supporting liver function (2.02%), drugs affecting autonomic nervous system (1.89%) including antiglaucomas, atropine and cerebral vasodilators, antihistamine drug (1.02%) and disinfectants (0.74%) were following in order. The data in the report were compared to those reported by H. Koch, et al. in United States (US), 1981 as “Drugs Most Frequently Used in Office Practice : National Ambulatory Medical Case Survey, 1981.” Cardiovascular drugs prescribed in YUH were much less in proportion than in US (10.56%), but gastrointestinal drugs accounted the larger proportion than in US (3.72%). Expectorants and preparations in YUH also accounted the larger proportion than in US (2.74%). In conclusion, in the period of March to August, 1985, OPD of YUH prescribed the CNS drugs including diazepam most frequently, and gastrointestinal, respiratory and chemotherapeutic drugs in next orders. It is supposed that the eating habits of Koreans and a unique atmospheric condition in Taegu as a basin were some important factors that affected the proportions of drugs acting on gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.
Acetaminophen ; Aluminum Compounds ; Antacids ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antidepressive Agents ; Antiemetics ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Antipyretics ; Atropine ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Bronchodilator Agents ; Cardiovascular Agents ; Central Nervous System ; Codeine ; Common Cold ; Cough ; Daegu ; Diazepam ; Disinfectants ; Diuretics ; Eating ; Ephedrine ; Expectorants ; Gastrointestinal Agents ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Isoniazid ; Liver ; Metoclopramide ; Muscle, Smooth ; Outpatients ; Parasympatholytics ; Penicillins ; Prescriptions ; Respiratory System ; Therapeutic Uses ; United States ; Vasodilator Agents ; Vitamins

The objective of this study was to establish a good methodology to isolate single smooth muscle cells that are alive and respond properly to pharmacological agents. Canine urinary bladders were employed as the source of single cells, and acetylcholine, atropine and imipramine were used as indicators of pharmacological responsiveness. Imipramine, an antidepressant drug exhibited the anticholinergic and calcium antagonizing properties on rat detrusor muscle. To establish a control value for a further experiment to elucidate the mechanism of action of imipramine on detrusor muscle, we measured the concentration-response of single cells to acetylcholine in the presesnce of imipramine by length of the cells and compared the result with the response in the presence of atropine. Tiny chops of smooth muscle taken from anesthetized canine urinary bladder were incubated in collagenase solution at 36℃ for 17-20 minutes. The collagenase solution included collagenase 1.2 mg/ml, soybean tryspin inhibitory 0.08 mg/ml, bovine serum albumin 2% in 10 ml Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution aerated with a consistent breeze of 95/5% O2/CO2 to maintain the pH at 7.4. After washing with plain K-H solution on 450 mesh, cells were dissociated from the digested tissue for 12-15 minutes. Cell suspension was transfered in 5 ml test tubes and acetylcholine was added for the final concentration to be 10⁻¹⁴~10⁻⁹M. To find the optimal time to fix the cells to determine the contractile responses, 1% acrolein was added 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 120 seconds after the administration of ACh. The length of cells fixed by acrolein were measured by microscaler vis CCTV camers on phaes-contrast microscope. The average length of 50 cells from a slide glass was taken as the value of a sample at the very concentration point. Single cells were isolated from canine detrusor. The length of untreated cells varied from 82 µm to 94 µm. The maximal response to actylcholine 10E-9M was accomplished within 5 seconds of exposure, and the shortening was 19±3%. Atropine reduced the contraction of the cells concentration-dependently. Lmipramine which exerts a cholinergic blocking action on some smooth muscles also reduced the contraction concentration-dependently and by a similar pattern as atropine. These findings document that imipramine may exerts a cholinergic blocking activity in the single smooth muscle cells isolated from canine urinary bladder.
Acetylcholine ; Acrolein ; Animals ; Atropine ; Calcium ; Collagenases ; Glass ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Imipramine* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Rats ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; Soybeans ; Urinary Bladder

Thirteen guinea pigs and 23 rabbits were challenged with 300 metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis each and the recovery of adult worms and egg counts in feces were compared at 11-13 weeks post-infection in guinea pigs and at 7-9 weeks post-infection in rabbits. The recovery rate of adult worm was 23.5 percent in guinea pigs and 20.l-30.5 percent in rabbits. The mean E.P.G. of these animals in above period of infection was 106 in guinea pigs and 121 in rabbits. When one hundredth of E.P.G. was expressed as X and the number of adult worms as Y, the relationships between X and Y were as follows; Y=0.8X+10.8 in guinea pigs and Y=0.7X+6 in rabbits.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; guinea pig ; rabbit ; egg

Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis is characterized by the coexistence of pigmentary nevus and hemangioma. Since the term was first described by Ota et al in 1947, about 80 cases have been reported in the literature. In 1979, Hasegawa et al subclsssified the disorder into eight types : type I, nevus flammeus and nevus pigmentosus et verrucosus, type II, nevus flamme is and dermal melanocytosis, type III nevus flammeus and nev.us spilus, type IV, nevus flammeus, dermal melanocytosis and nevus spilus. Each type is subdivided into localized(a) and systemic(b) types, A 25-year-old male had brown papules on the left knee and thigh and purple patches on the left leg that had been present for approximately 7 years. He had no concon ittant systemic disease. The histopathologic findings on brown papules and purple patches are compatible with epidermal nevus and nevus flammeus respectively. We herein report a case of phakomatosis pigmentovascularis type I a.
Adult ; Down Syndrome ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Knee ; Leg ; Male ; Neurocutaneous Syndromes* ; Nevus ; Port-Wine Stain ; Thigh

To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of mutated p53 protein and bcl-2 protein in the cutaneous melanocytic lesion, 15 cases of compound nevus, 10 cases of congenital melanocytic nevus, 15 cases of primary malignant melanoma(4 cases less than 1.5 mm thick and 11 cases more than 1.5 mm thick), and 10 cases of metastatic malignant melanoma(7 cases in lymph node and 3 cases in soft tissue) were examined. All cases of compound nevi and of congenital melanocytic nevi showed no immunoreactivity for p53 protein. p53 protein overexpression was observed in 75%(3/4) wth primary malignant melanoma less than 1.5 mm thick, 81%(9/11) with primary malignant melanoma more than 1.5 mm thick, and 100%(10/10) with metastatic malignant melanoma. The difference in p53 protein overexpression was statistically significant between benign nevi and malignant melanoma(p<0.01). Bcl-2 protein expression was observed in 73%(11/15) with compound nevus, 70%(7/10) with congenital melanocytic nevus, 75% (3/4) in primary malignant melanoma less than 1.5 mm thick, 54%(6/11) with primary malignant melanoma more than 1.5 mm thick, and 40%(4/10) with metastatic malignant melanoma. These findings suggested that mutation of p53 gene may be an important mechanism in the development of malignant melanoma. Although bcl-2 protein was expressed in cutaneous melanocytic lesion, no correlation was found between p53 protein and bcl-2 protein expression in malignant melanoma.
Genes, p53 ; Lymph Nodes ; Melanoma ; Nevus ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Skin*

To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of mutated p53 protein and bcl-2 protein in the cutaneous melanocytic lesion, 15 cases of compound nevus, 10 cases of congenital melanocytic nevus, 15 cases of primary malignant melanoma(4 cases less than 1.5 mm thick and 11 cases more than 1.5 mm thick), and 10 cases of metastatic malignant melanoma(7 cases in lymph node and 3 cases in soft tissue) were examined. All cases of compound nevi and of congenital melanocytic nevi showed no immunoreactivity for p53 protein. p53 protein overexpression was observed in 75%(3/4) wth primary malignant melanoma less than 1.5 mm thick, 81%(9/11) with primary malignant melanoma more than 1.5 mm thick, and 100%(10/10) with metastatic malignant melanoma. The difference in p53 protein overexpression was statistically significant between benign nevi and malignant melanoma(p<0.01). Bcl-2 protein expression was observed in 73%(11/15) with compound nevus, 70%(7/10) with congenital melanocytic nevus, 75% (3/4) in primary malignant melanoma less than 1.5 mm thick, 54%(6/11) with primary malignant melanoma more than 1.5 mm thick, and 40%(4/10) with metastatic malignant melanoma. These findings suggested that mutation of p53 gene may be an important mechanism in the development of malignant melanoma. Although bcl-2 protein was expressed in cutaneous melanocytic lesion, no correlation was found between p53 protein and bcl-2 protein expression in malignant melanoma.
Genes, p53 ; Lymph Nodes ; Melanoma ; Nevus ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Skin*

The aim of this study was to clarify the role of Kupffer cells in the mechanism of endotoxin-induced liver injury. The study on fine structure of Kupffer cells was performed after the injection of endotoxin. The endotoxin(Escherichia soli lipopolysaccharide 026: B6, 1.5mg/100 g of body weight) was intraperitoneally injected in Sprague-Dewley rats. Animals were sacrificed at 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 72 and 120 hours after the injection of endotoxin. Livers were extirpated and processed to be examined by light and electron microscopy. The results obtained were summerized as follows: Early changes observed in liver after endotoxin injection included the increased number and hypertrophy of Kupffer cells, infiltration of neutrophils and presence of fibrin thrombi within the sinusoids. The coritinuous increase of the Kupffer cells in number with hypertrophy, congestion and infiltration of inflammatory cells within the sinusoids were observed. Hepatocytes showed* fatty change and occasional necrosis. At 72 hours the congestion decreased. At 120 hours the number of Kupffer cells was increased, but the morphology of Kupffer cells became similar to that of the control group. The numbers and sizes of primary and secondary lysosomes and amount of euchromatin of Kupffer cells increased. Swellings and increase in number of mitochondria, Golgi complex, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum were evident. Microthrombi were present within the sinusoids. The swelling of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, decrease of glycogen particles, fatty change, hypoxic vacuoles, pyknotic nuclei and occasional necrosis were observed in hepatocytes. At 72 hours the number of secondary lysosomes in Kupffer cells decreased. At 120 hours the morphology of Kupffer cells became similar to that of the control group. According to these results, it was postulated that the endotoxin was initially taken up by pinocytosis into Kupffer cells and degraded in secondary lysosomes of activated Kupffer cells. Kupffer cells may play an important role in the defense mechanism of liver during endotoxemia. The dysfunction of Kupffer cells and ischemia by sinusoidal microthrombi may cause liver injury.
Animals ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth ; Endotoxemia ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Euchromatin ; Fibrin ; Glycogen ; Golgi Apparatus ; Hepatocytes ; Hypertrophy ; Ischemia ; Kinetics* ; Kupffer Cells* ; Liver ; Lysosomes ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mitochondria ; Necrosis ; Neutrophils ; Pinocytosis ; Rats* ; Vacuoles

A case of testicular embryonal carcinoma developed in s cryptorchid testis is presented with a review of the literature. According to Campbell's series, the incidence of malignant cryptorchid testis was 11.6%. and his statistical evaluation was similar to Gilbert and Hamilton's series of 7,000 cases of testicular neoplasms where 840 tumors were developed in undescended testes(12%). Both authors agree that the chance of neoplastic development in a cryptorchid testis is approximately 48 times greater then that developing in a normally descended testis. Several cases of testicular tumor were reported sporadically in Korea, but malignant tumors in cryptorchism were rarely seen in the literatures Only two cases of malignant cryptorchid testis were already reported in Korea.
Carcinoma, Embryonal* ; Cryptorchidism ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Testis*