The primitive erythroblasts in 21 cases of embryonic hearts from 4 to 9 weeks of gestation were studied with a light microscope. The nuclear diameter, the motosis, and the loss of nuclei of the primitive erythoblasts were analyzed quantitatively. The results obtained were as follows. 1. At 4 weeks of gestation, the blood cells consisted of proerythroblasts, along with basophilic polychromatophilic primitive erythroblasts. The nuclear diameter ranged from 3.20 µm to 9.20 µm, but the main range was from 4.20 µm to 6.00 µm. It was revealed that 9.50% had diameter of more than 6 µm. 2. At the fist half of the 7 week gestation when hepatic hemopoiesis developed, the blood cells consisted of basophilic, polychromatophilic, and eosinophilic erythroblasts. Cells of more than 6 µm in nuclear diameter were about 1.10% and thereafter gradually disappeared. The range of the nuclear diameters was from 2.60 µm to 7.00 µm, while a range from 3.40 µm to 5.20 µm wqs the main. The proportion of cells less than 4 µm in nuclear diameter was 39.58% and thereafter rapidly increased. 3. From the second half of 7 weeks to 9 weeks of gestation, the erythrocytes originating from hepatic hemopoiesis increasingly replaced the circulating primitive erythroblasts, which became mature during this time. The erythrocytes showed 72.88% at 9 weeks of gestation. The proportions of cells less than 4 µm in nuclear diameter in the first and second haIves of 8 weeks and 9 weeks were 52.73%, 80.02%, and 89.09%, which represented the rapid destruction of nuclei. 4. Mitosis in the primitive erythroblasts occurred principally up to the early 6th weeks, and very weakly at 8 weeks. 5. As the crown-rump length increased, the average nuclear diameter decreased very significantly (P<0.01, y=-0.2811X + 0.3171). The results suggest that distrilbution of the nuclear diameter, the maturity, the rate of nuclear loss, and the mitotic figure offer credible data for estimating embryonic age.
Basophils ; Blood Cells ; Crown-Rump Length ; Embryonic Structures* ; Eosinophils ; Erythroblasts* ; Erythrocytes ; Heart ; Humans* ; Mitosis ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Constriction, Pathologic* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Systolic Murmurs*

PURPOSE: The enhanced cytotoxic effect of combined treatement of hyperthermia and chemotherapy by increasing intracellular acidify with HMA was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fsall tumor cells were injected on the hindlegs of female C3H mice. When the tumor volume reached about 200mm3 , experiments were performed on the groups classified as follows : Group I : Control Group II : Melphalan alone (2.5 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg). Group III : Heat alone (42.5degree C for 1 hour) Group IV : Melphalan + Heat (42.5degree C for 1 hour) Group V : HMA(10 mg/kg) + Melphalan (5.0 mg/kg) + Heat (42.5degree C for 1 hour) Each group included 8-12 mice on each experiment. HMA (3-amino-6-chloro-5(1-homopiperidyl)-N-(diaminomethylene)-c-pyrazinecarboxamide), an analog of amiloride which increases intracellular pH(pHi) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide(DMS) and injected into the tumor-bearing mice through the tail vein. 10mg/kg of HMA and each dose of melphalan were injected into peritoneum of the tumor-bearing mice 30 minutes before heating. Tumor growth delay was calculated when the tumor vlme reached at 1500mm3 . Excision assay was performed on each group and repeated 2-4 times. RESULTS: Tumor growth delay of each experimental groups at 1500 mm3 were 9, 10, 13 and 19 days respectively. In vivo-in vitro excision assay using Fsall tumor cells, the cytotoxicity of each experimental groups was 1.2 X 107 , 1 X 107 , 6 X 106 , 1.7 X 106 and 1 X 105 clonogenic cells/gm respectively. When HMA was added to the combined treatment of heat and chemotherapy, the tumor growth ws delayed more than combined treatment without HMA i.e., 6 days tumor growth delay at 1500 mm3 of tumor volume. CONCLUSION: he combined effect of cytotoxicity by heat and chemotherapy can be much more enhanced by HMA.
Amiloride ; Animals ; Drug Therapy* ; Female ; Fever* ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Melphalan ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Peritoneum ; Tumor Burden ; Veins

No abstract available.
Anemia* ; Child* ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Blood Flow Velocity* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature*

No abstract available.
Alprostadil* ; Ductus Arteriosus ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart*

Obesity has been implicated as a significant risk factor for multiple medical condition including hypertention, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia and fatty liver. Furthermore, obesity in childhood is believed to be a reliable predictor of a similar condition in adulthood. During the recent years, there has been a rapid rise in the incidence of childhood obesity in Korea due to increased dietary intake rich in caloric content. This study was undertaken to investigate the epidemiology and potential health complications of obesity observed in elmentary school students. A total of 3,103 children (1630 boys and 1,473 girls), ages ranging from 6 to 12, were studied with personal interview, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation. The results were as follows: 1) The prevalence of obesity was 13.44% with approximately equal distribution among boys (14.42%) and girls (12.36%). 2) The prevalence of childhood obesity in Seoul was significantly higher (18.62%) than that in Suwon (7.85%) and in Hongchon (6.02%). 3) A higher incidence of hypertension was dectected in obese subjects and this was more obvious in girls. 4) Hyperlipidemia and elevated Atherogenic Index were more frequently observed in obese group. 5) although fasting blood glucose levels were similar in both groups. AST and ALT abnormalities were much more prevalent in obese group. It is concluded that hypertension and other metabolic abnormalities are much more frequently observed in obese children and that our effects should be focused on the earliest dection, prevention and management of childhood obesity.
Blood Glucose ; Child* ; Epidemiology ; Fasting ; Fatty Liver ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Korea ; Obesity* ; Pediatric Obesity ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Seoul

The clinical symptom complex characterized by syncopal attacks and sudden death in patients with electrocardiographic anomalies, especially a prolonged Q-T interval is known as the Romano-Ward syndrome. When a similar symptom complex is accompanied by congenital deafness, it is called Jervell and Lange-Nieisen syndrome. This study was undertaken to investigate the investigate the incidence of the latter syndrome in the Seoul area. A total of 1,013 children with congenital deafness who attend schools for the deaf were studied by analyzing their electrocardiograms. A corrected Q-T interval of> or =0.44 seconds was defined as a prolonged Q-T interval. The overall incidence of long Q-T syndrome observed in the deaf in the Seoul area was 0.49% as compared to 0.25% reported from elsewhere in the world. The mean age of patients with long Q-T syndrome was 11.3+/-5.9 years and the first syncopal attacks was 4.6+/-1.1 per patient. A valsalva maneuver and exercise tests in the test group were associated with significant changes in T wave configuration and prolonged Q-T intervals while similar changes were not observed in the control group. A larger survey is needed to derive more statistically significant conclusions.
Child* ; Deafness* ; Death, Sudden ; Electrocardiography ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Incidence ; Romano-Ward Syndrome ; Seoul ; Valsalva Maneuver

No abstract available.
Heart Diseases* ; Heart*