A retrospective analysis was done on 68 patients with primary superficial bladder cancer between September 1989 and December 1995. We evaluated the predictive value of urine cytology in the recurrence and the progression of superficial bladder cancer. Positive cytology was shown in 52.9% (36/68) and was significantly associated with tumor grade (p=0.001). The recurrence rate in patients with negative cytology was 28.1% (9/32) compared to 77.8% (28/36) in those with positive cytology (p=0;001). No patients of negative cytology had tumor progression while 4 out of 36 (11.1%) patients of positive cytology had progression to invasive or metastatic disease. In conclusion, urinary cytology appears to be a significant prognostic factor in superficial bladder cancer.
Humans ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

BACKGROUND: Adenocarcinoma arising in the body or tail of the pancreas tends to be metastasized at the time of diagnosis, is mostly in inoperable stage, and poor in prognosis. In this study, we evaluated the adenocarcinoma arising in the body or tail of the pancreas and investigated the prognostic factors and ideal treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 33 patients who were cytologically or histologically confirmed as adenocarcinoma in the body or tail of the pancreas at Samsung Medical Center from October 1994 to December 1999. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients in the resectable and unresectable groups were 63.4 and 60.6 year-old, respectively. The mean CA19-9 level was higher in unresectable group (5166.2u/ml), compared to the resectable group (964.7u/ml).(p=0.039) In the resectable group, the body was the most common location of the tumor, and in the unresectable patient group, the tail was more prevalent.(p= 0.021) The mean survival time of the resectable group was 15.1months. The univariate analysis of the resectale group showed that the age, sex, lymph node metastasis, chemotheraeutic modalities, radiotherapeutic modalities, and the location of tumor were not significantly related with the prognosis. In unresetable group, the mean survival time was 6.4months. The mean survival time were 3.3 months in patients over 60 year-old and 9.9 months in patients less than 60, showing statistically significant difference.( p=0.007) The mean survival time were 12.2 months and 3.4 months in patients who received the chemotherapy and who did not, respetively.(p=0.004) Evaluating the relationship between the extent of metastasis and survival, the mean survival length of single metastasis was 9.3 months, showing significantly higher survival length compared that of multiple metastasis.(p=0.027) Patient's sex, radiotherapeutic modality and location of the tumor were not significantly related with the prognosis. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factor showed that the patietnt's age (p=0,842), the extent of metastasis( p=0.458), and chemotherapeutic modality (p=0.078) were unrelated with prognosis. CONCLUSION: In adenocarcinoma arising in the body and tail of the pancreas, the CA19-9 level and tumor location could be utilized as indicating factors of the operability of the tumor. Age, sex, lymph node metastasis, and location of the adenocarcinoma are not significantly related with the survival length in both the resectable and unresectable groups. Also, in both groups, the chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic modalities were not related with the survival length.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas ; Prognosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate preexposure prophylaxis and postexposure prophylaxis of rabies that the National Medical Center (NMC) handled and to check whether appropriate measures were performed according to the recent domestic and overseas guidelines after animal bites. METHODS: This study surveyed 41 people who were 18 years or under and received preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis of rabies at the NMC from November 2006 to December 2011. Their medical records were reviewed for their age, gender, the reason for preexposure prophylaxis, the body sites of animal bite, the kind of the animal that bit children, the region where the biting occurred and rabies vaccination and inoculation of immunoglobulin. RESULTS: Eleven children took rabies vaccination for preexposure prophylaxis and 30 children received post exposure prophylaxis of rabies. Of patients who were bitten by unvaccinated animals including wild animals or by animals which were not certain to be vaccinated, 50% (13 of 26 children) received postexposure prophylaxis, while 75% (3 of 4 children) of patients who were bitten by vaccinated animals received postexposure prophylaxis of rabies. Ten of 30 bitten patients knew whether or not the biting animals had received rabies vaccination. Of them, four people (40%) were bitten by animals which had received rabies vaccination. CONCLUSION: To prevent the occurrence of rabies, people and health care providers need to correctly understand latest guideline for rabies preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis and the information for bitten patient, biting animal and area at bitten by animal should be accurately recorded.
Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Bites and Stings ; Child ; Child Health ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Isothiocyanates ; Medical Records ; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Rabies ; Vaccination

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Survival Rate*

Septo-optic dysplasia, named by de Morsier in 1956, includes absence of the septum pellucidum, partial or complete agenesis of the corpus callosum, dysplasia of the anterior third ventricle, and bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia. Associated ophthalmologic disorders are nystagmus, poor vIsion, visualfield defect, astigmatism and optic nerve hyopolasia. The authors experienced a case of septo-optic dysplasia which was confirmed by MRI in 30-year-old male.
Adult ; Astigmatism ; Corpus Callosum ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Optic Nerve ; Septo-Optic Dysplasia* ; Septum Pellucidum ; Third Ventricle

Septo-optic dysplasia, named by de Morsier in 1956, includes absence of the septum pellucidum, partial or complete agenesis of the corpus callosum, dysplasia of the anterior third ventricle, and bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia. Associated ophthalmologic disorders are nystagmus, poor vIsion, visualfield defect, astigmatism and optic nerve hyopolasia. The authors experienced a case of septo-optic dysplasia which was confirmed by MRI in 30-year-old male.
Adult ; Astigmatism ; Corpus Callosum ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Optic Nerve ; Septo-Optic Dysplasia* ; Septum Pellucidum ; Third Ventricle

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the sleep pattern of ICU patients, as well as characteristics of, and factors related to sleep disturbances, and state anxiety. It was done to provide the basic data for effective nursing interventions to improve quality of sleep for these patients. METHODS: The participants were 104 patients who were admitted to the surgical ICU in a hospital in Seoul. To measure sleep patterns, the Verran and Snyder-Halpern Sleep Scale and the Sleeping Scale developed by Oh et al.(1998) were used. Characteristics of sleep disturbances were measured using the Sleep characteristics scale developed by Park(1999). To measure factors related to sleep disturbances, thirty items developed by Oh(1998) were used. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the sleep patterns according to the general characteristics of the patients. The characteristics of sleep disturbances showed statistically significant differences in general and specific characteristics of sleep patterns but there was no statistically significant difference according to the general characteristics of the patients. There were significant negative correlations between factors related to sleep disturbances and general and specific characteristics of sleep patterns but there were no statistically significant difference according to the general characteristics of the patients. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the majority of patients staying in the surgical ICU experienced sleep disturbances and that the physical factor was the major factor of sleep disturbances.
Anxiety ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Nursing ; Seoul

Ibandronate (a bisphosphonate) is commonly used as an treatment of osteoporosis in combination with vitamin D. Monthly DP-R206-a novel, fixed-dose combination tablet (150 mg ibandronate/24,000 IU vitamin D3)-was recently developed to enhance patient compliance. This open, randomized, two-period crossover study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics of ibandronate when administered as DP-R206 or 150 mg ibandronate to healthy adult volunteers. Each volunteer was randomly allocated to receive single-dose DP-R206 or ibandronate with a 28-day washout period between treatments. Blood samples were assessed using pharmacokinetic analysis. Plasma ibandronate concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Safety and tolerability assessments were performed throughout the study. In total, 103 participants received the study drugs and 72 participants completed the study. The geometric mean ratios (DP-R206/ibandronate) of the maximum concentration (C(max)) and the area under the plasma concentration time curve from time zero to the last concentration (AUC(last)) values were 0.959 (90% CI: 0.820-1.120) and 0.924 (90% CI: 0.805-1.060), respectively. The frequencies of adverse events (AEs) and drug reactions were similar between treatment groups, and all AEs were recovered without sequalae. Ibandronate pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and safety are comparable when administered to healthy individuals, regardless if administered as DP-R206 or ibandronate.
Adult* ; Cross-Over Studies ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Osteoporosis ; Patient Compliance ; Pharmacokinetics ; Plasma ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins* ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) on patterns of failure and survivals in uterine carcinosarcoma patients treated with radical surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 1998 and August 2010, 19 patients with stage I-III uterine carcinosarcoma received curative hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with or without PORT at Seoul National University Hospital. Their hospital medical records were retrospectively reviewed. PORT and non-PORT groups included 11 and 8 patients, respectively. They were followed for a mean of 22.7 months (range, 7.8 to 126.6 months). RESULTS: At 5 years, the overall survival rates were 51.9% for entire, 61.4% for PORT, and 41.7% for non-PORT groups, respectively. There was no statistical difference between PORT and non-PORT groups with regard to overall survival (p = 0.682). Seven out of 19 (36.8%) patients showed treatment failures, which all happened within 12 months. Although the predominant failures were distant metastasis in PORT group and loco-regional recurrence in non-PORT group, there was no statistically significant difference in loco-regional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) (p = 0.362) or distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (p = 0.548). Lymph node metastasis was found to be a significant prognostic factor in predicting poor LRRFS (p = 0.013) and DMFS (p = 0.021), while the International Federation Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (p = 0.043) was associated with LRRFS. CONCLUSION: Considering that adjuvant radiotherapy after surgical resection was effective to decrease loco-regional recurrence and most treatment failures were distant metastasis, multimodal therapy including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy might be an optimal treatment for uterine carcinosarcoma patients.
Carcinosarcoma ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Lymph Nodes ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Obstetrics ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Failure ; Uterus

Brunner's gland adenoma is a rare benign tumor that is usually asymptomatic and it the result of a benign proliferation of the Brunner's glands of the duodenum. In symptomatic patients, the common clinical presentation is gastrointestinal bleeding and obstructive symptoms. A 48-year-old man presented with abdominal discomfort and vomiting. The endoscopic examination revealed a large pedunculated polypoid mass arising in the bulb and it was prolapsing through the pylorus into the antrum, and this all resulted in a ball-valve obstruction. After endoclips were applied at the peduncle of the mass, this polyp was simply and successfully cut with using an IT-knife without bleeding or perforation. We report here on a case of Brunner's gland adenoma that caused a ball-valve obstruction, and the tumor was removed by a simple and easy method with using endoclips and an IT-knife.
Adenoma ; Brunner Glands ; Duodenum ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Polyps ; Pylorus ; Vomiting