Closed medullary nailing has become increasingly popular in the management of fractures of the femur because of a high rate of union, a low rate of complications, and excellent return of function. But it requires good facility and excellent surgical skill. The authors experienced two cases of iatrogenic femur neck fracture during closed medullary nailing of femur shaft fracture.
Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Femur

Experimental ocular siderosis was induced in fourteen albino rabbits by the insertion of iron fragments through the scleral incision made at equatorial region. ERGs were recorded up to 30 days after the insertion of iron, both in scotopic and photopic conditions. Light stimulus used was electronic photoflash of 2 msec duration. The changes in the scotopic b-wave were classified into 3 types. The first type (4 eyes) showed gradual decrease finally attaining 54.6% of the original amplitude. The second type (3 eyes) showed supernormal b-wave during whole period of study, the increase reached 43.0% after 30 days. In the third type (6 eyes) the b-potential remained almost stationary. The scotopic a-wave changed in a similar way as the b-wave. Sometimes negative (-) type ERGs were recorded, especially during the falling stage of the b-potential. The photopic a- and b-waves changed almost parallel to the scotopic components. By slitlamp biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy, fibrous connective tissue proliferated around the iron fragments, never extending deep into the vitreous body. Fundi were well visible except the insertion site. Histological section revealed moderate scar tissue formation around the insertion site of iron, and mild visual cell and ganglion cell destructions.
Cicatrix ; Connective Tissue ; Ganglion Cysts ; Iron ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Rabbits ; Siderosis* ; Vitreous Body

Effects of implantation of fresh and stored vitreous were studied on albino rabbits. Auto-and bomo- implantations of fresh vitreous were performed in sixty eyes, and course was followed up to one month after implantation operation. Of these, thirteen eyes were discarded because of bleeding into vitreous cavities and contamination of vitreous by blood. In remaining forty-seven eyes, vitreous became clear after ten days. Intraocular pressure which had been low daring the first few days, normalized within this period of time. No complication was observed. Implantation of homologous vitreous which had been stored in frozen state for one to three months, resulted in clear vitreous in eight out of ten eyes operated. Bleeding and blood contamination occurred in two eyes. From the results, it can be concluded that vitreous implantation is relatively safe and effective procedure.
Hemorrhage ; Intraocular Pressure ; Rabbits

No abstract available.
Chinchilla* ; Neurons*

Eosinophilic granuloma of bone is the most common variant of histiocytosis X. Most of the lesions occur in the skull, ribs, spine or long bone and may be single or multiple. The occurrence in a growing epiphysis is extremely rare and only seven cases have been reported in the literature. A 13 year old boy with eosinophilic granuloma occurring in proximal humeral epiphysis was seen at Seoul National University Hospital in Nov. 1984 and was treated with curettage and autogenous bone graft followed by radiotherapy. The patient was followed for 13 months and complete healing was obtained.
Curettage ; Eosinophilic Granuloma ; Eosinophils ; Epiphyses ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; Humans ; Male ; Radiotherapy ; Ribs ; Seoul ; Skull ; Spine ; Transplants

Osteosarcoma probably arises from a primitive, undifferentiated mesenchyme, It is highly malignant bone tumor characterized by the invariable formation of neoplastic osteoid and tumor tissue with poor prognosis. Osteosarcoma may involve any bone, but usually arises in the metaphyseal portion of long bones, most frequently at the distal ent of the femur, the proximal end of the tibia, and the proximal end of the humerus. The authors have experienced one case (52 year old male) of osteosarcoma originating from the right patella.
Femur ; Humerus ; Mesoderm ; Osteosarcoma ; Patella ; Prognosis ; Tibia

No abstract available.
Cheek* ; Microcirculation* ; Skin* ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

PURPOSE: Transaxillary and periareolar incision in augmentation mammaplasty has risks of injury to branches of intercostal nerves that lead to sensory loss of upper inner arm and nipple. The aim of study was to compare the incidence of sensory loss between two groups according to incision method. METHODS: One hundred seventy one cases that received transaxillary or periareolar subpectoral breast augmentation at the M.D. Clinic from Jan. 2006 to Jul. 2007 were evaluated for sensory loss of upper inner arm and nipple. The cases were divided into transaxillary (118 cases, 69%) and periareolar group (53 cases, 31%). The type of sensory loss was divided into temporary and permanent. The postoperative follow-up periods were from 7 to 22 months (mean: 8.5 months). RESULTS: In cases of upper inner arm, results were as follows; temporary sensory loss in 9 cases (7.6%) and permanent in 2 cases (1.7%) in the transaxillary incision group and, temporary sensory loss in 1 case (1.9%) and no permanent sensory loss in the periareolar incision group. There is no statistical difference between the two groups for permanent sensory loss (P=0.340). In cases of nipples, results were as follows; temporary sensory loss in 26 cases (22%) and permanent sensory loss in 12 cases (10.2%) in the transaxillary incision group, and temporary sensory loss in 12 cases (10.2%) and permanent sensory loss in 3 cases (5.7%) in the periareolar incision group. There was no statistical difference between two groups (P=0.335). CONCLUSION: There was no statistical difference in sensory loss of upper arm and nipple between transaxillary and periareolar approach after subpectoral augmentation mammaplasty.
Arm ; Breast ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Incidence ; Intercostal Nerves ; Mammaplasty ; Nipples

Fractures of the shaft of the humerus due to muscle violence esp. from throwing hand grenades are uncommon. Even so there are reports from many authors documenting such fractures from throwing a javerin, baseball, hand grenade and arm wrestling. Fractures of this type are usually spiral in nature; located between the middle and distal third of the humerus. We have treated four such cases during activities in which hand grenades were thrown. These fractures were sustained by military recruits in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Capital Armed Forces General Hospital from Jan. 1980 Dec. 1980.
Arm ; Baseball ; Hand ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Humerus ; Military Personnel ; Violence ; Wrestling

No abstract available.
Spine*