No abstract available.
Crowns* ; Dental Cements*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence rate of low back pain (LBP) in the high school students and to analyze the differences and correlations with the spinal-pelvic structural variations and disability index with LBP. The subjects are 499 high school students (236 males, 263 females: mean age, 16.38 years). They were assessed for LBP with the numerical rating scale (NRS) and for disability with the Korean version Oswestry disability index (KODI). All subjects were to take the plain radiographic examination for spinal-pelvic structural variations including thoracic, lumbar, thoracolumbar Cobb's angle, lumbar lordotic curve, sacral slope, pelvic tilt and pelvic incidence. All subjects were divided into two groups by NRS scores (0, 1=no/minimum pain group [NMP group], 2-10=low back pain group [LBP group]). The prevalence rate of LBP of all subjects was 56.7% (n=283). NRS and total KODI scores were higher in the LBP group (3.38 cm/11.83%) than NMP group (0.07 cm/2.74%) (p<0.001). In the spinal-pelvic structural variations analysis, the thoracic Cobb's angle was significantly high in LBP group (p<0.05), but others were shown no differences between the both groups (p>0.05). NRS had significantly positive correlation with KODI (p<0.001). NRS and KODI did not demonstrate any correlations with spinal-pelvic structural variations (p>0.05). In conclusion, this study showed high prevalence rate of LBP in the high school students, but did not show significant correlations with the spinal-pelvic structural variations and disability index.
Back Pain ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Low Back Pain* ; Male ; Prevalence

PURPOSE: To find out the advantages and disadvantages of the suture technique and improve the method of operation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Postoperative follow-up of at least one year was possible in thirteen cases including 7 surgical neck fractures and 6 three-part fractures. The results were analysed radiographically and clinically using a modified UCLA scale. RESULTS: There was one non-union and except for that case, the average union time was 10.2 weeks. Active forward flexion averaged 140 degrees, external rotation 50 degrees and internal rotation between T12 and L1 vertebra. The clinical results were 3 excellent, 5 good and 4 fair. There was no significant corelation (P=0.538) between fracture type and clinical results statistically. But for above 65 years, the UCLA scale averaged 25.8 points and for under 65 years, 31.6 points (P=0.006 ) . CONCLUSION: The use of a suture technique for these displaced fracture without the use of metals achieved a high percentage of acceptable results. But in order to achieve good stability and early exercise, the neck fragment had to be impacted into the humeral head and the medial and lateral part of the neck fracture should be fixed together. Therefore, it is difficult to use this method for severely comminuted neck fractures.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humeral Head ; Metals ; Neck ; Shoulder Fractures* ; Spine ; Suture Techniques* ; Sutures*

Glucose is essential for energy metabolism in human, especially in brain, and is a source of energy storage in the form of glycogen, fat and protein. During fetal life, the predominant source of energy is also glucose, which crosses the placenta by facilitated diffusion. There is very little endogenous glucose production under normal circumstances during fetal life. During labor, the fetus is exposed to physiological challenges that require metabolic adaptation. A healthy infant successfully manages the postnatal transition by mobilizing and using alternative. After birth, there is a rapid surge in catecholamine and glucagon levels, and a steady decrease in insulin, as blood glucose levels decline. These hormonal changes induce enzyme activities that lead to glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. During the first 24-48 hours of life, plasma glucose concentrations of neonates are typically lower than later in life. Distinguishing between transitional neonatal glucose regulation in normal neonates and hypoglycemia that persists or occurs for the first time beyond the first 72 hours of life is important for prompt diagnosis and treatment to avoid serious consequences.
Blood Glucose ; Brain ; Diagnosis ; Energy Metabolism ; Facilitated Diffusion ; Fetus ; Glucagon ; Gluconeogenesis ; Glucose* ; Glycogen ; Glycogenolysis ; Homeostasis* ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Insulin ; Parturition ; Placenta

PURPOSE: This study examined the mediating effect of school nurses' self efficacy, which is one of the significant cognitive factors influencing cultural sensitivity, on the mutual relationships between multicultural attitude and cultural sensitivity in Korean elementary schools. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive survey design was used. Participants were 157 school nurses in elementary schools located in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. The survey instruments included Teacher Multicultural Attitude Survey, Teacher Efficacy Scale, and Multicultural Sensitivity Scale. Data were analyzed using three regression equations to test the mediation model. RESULTS: The mean score of the school nurses' cultural sensitivity was relatively low. A positive correlation among multicultural attitude, self efficacy, and cultural sensitivity was noted. Self efficacy of school nurses showed a significant mediating effect on the relationships between multicultural attitude and cultural sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Given the meaningful influence of positive multicultural attitude on cultural sensitivity and significant mediator effect of self efficacy as a school nurse between the two variables, the strategies to cultivate a positive multicultural attitude and enhance school nurses' self efficacy in their unique role should be considered in a training program. School nurses' health care services will benefit from the improvement of cultural sensitivity toward young children from multicultural families.
Adult ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Cultural Diversity ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/*psychology ; Republic of Korea ; *Self Efficacy ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Meningioma is usually known to occur stuck to the dura mater, but extradural meningioma occurs rarely. Most of the extradural meningiomas are located in the head and neck and we report a case of the primary intraosseous meningioma in the orbit. A 50-year old woman presented with the left eye hyperemia and exophthalmos. Neuroimaging modalities showed hyperostosis at the left sphenoid and orbital wall. On microscopic view, spindle cells and psammoma bodies between the woven bones were observed. The origin of the intraosseous meningioma is explained with various potent possibilities and differential diagnosis thoroughly explored.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Dura Mater ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Hyperostosis ; Meningioma* ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Neuroimaging ; Orbit

PURPOSE: The authors investigated the process of endochondral ossification quantitatively and objectively in respect to proliferation and apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fractures were made on the left tibiae of 72 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The fracture callus was harvested at the 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th, 14th, and the 21st day after fracture. Cellular DNA content was analyzed with image cytometry, and proliferative index was determined from the data. The Ki-67 antigen expression was semiquantitatively measured by the immunohisto-chemical method. TUNEL was used for in situ localization of apoptotic cells. The expression of cell cycle inhibitors, P21 and P27, was investigated with Northern blotting. RESULTS: The proliferation index was highest on the 5th day, then gradually decreased until the 11th day. The expression of Ki-67 antigen gradually decreased with time. Apoptotic cells increased in accordance with enhanced bone formation within chondroid callus. The expression of p21 and p27 was highest on the 11th and the 14th day. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that proliferative activity decreased with the reduction of mesenchymal tissue and the appearance of mature chondroid tissue. The apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes occurred in accordance with enhanced bone formation. P21 and P27 had a certain role in the differentiation of chondrocytes.
Apoptosis* ; Blotting, Northern ; Bony Callus ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation* ; Chondrocytes ; DNA ; Fracture Healing* ; Humans ; Image Cytometry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Male ; Osteogenesis ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tibia

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the torque onset angle (TOA) of the isokinetic test for knee extensors in the paretic side and walking related balance in subacute stroke patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with first-ever strokes who have had at least two isokinetic tests within 6 months of onset. 102 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. The characteristics of walking related balance were measured with the Berg Balance Scale sub-score (sBBS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), 10-m Walk Test (10MWT) and Functional Independence Measure sub-score (sFIM). The second isokinetic test values of the knee extensor such as peak torque, peak torque to weight ratio, hamstring/quadriceps ratio, TOA, torque stop angle, torque at 30 degrees, and peak torque asymmetry ratio between paretic and non-paretic limb were also taken into account. Pearson’s correlation, simple regression and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between TOA and walking related balance. Results: TOA of the knee extensor of the paretic limb showed significant correlations with BBS, sBBS, TUG, 10MWT, and sFIM according to Pearson’s correlation analysis. TOA also had moderate to good correlations with walking related balance parameters in partial correlation analysis. In multiple regression analysis, TOA of the paretic knee extensor was significantly associated with walking related balance parameters. Conclusion This study demonstrated that TOA of the paretic knee extensor is a predictable parameter of walking related balance. Moreover, we suggest that the ability to recruit muscle quickly is important in walking related balance.

Bosworth fracture, fracture-dislocation of ankle with entrapment of fibula behind the tibia, is a rare condition. Diagnosis of this fracture-dislocation may not he easy, and closed reduction of this injury is difficult because of entrapment of fibula by the tieht interosseous membrane. We report a case of Bosworth fracture treated with the anti-glide plate technique.
Ankle ; Diagnosis ; Fibula ; Membranes ; Tibia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the parenting image of modern Korean society through modern novels published during in the stage of modern change in Korea. METHOD: The data were analyzed through latent content analysis. Modern Korean novels (N=138) written during the Korean modernization stage were chosen for analysis. Five categories and seventeen meaningful sub-categories were drawn out from 636 significant sentences. RESULTS: The parenting images expressed in modern Korean society were as follows: From the category of [Devotional love], 5 sub-categories were drawn: Hedgehog's love, Lavish love, Sacrificial care, Exertion of the mind, and Prayer for the future of their children. From the category of [Stern father and affectionate mother], 3 sub-categories were drawn: Stern and Strict father, Tender and loving mother, and Strong maternal love. From the category of [Enthusiasm for their children's education], 3 sub-categories were drawn: Sense of duty to provide good education for their children, Zeal for their children's education, and Satisfaction with their hard-working children. From the category of [The head of family], 3 sub-categories were drawn: Person who has the right to make decisions, Reliable protector, and Object of filial devotion. From the category of [sexual discrimination], 3 sub-categories were drawn: Preference and favoritism to sons, Attaching importance to education of sons, Regarding daughters as those who help support the family. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study will help to improve the basic understanding the parenting image and parent-child relationship in present day Korea.
Child ; Education ; Fathers ; Head ; Humans ; Korea ; Love ; Mothers ; Nuclear Family ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Religion ; Social Change ; Child Health