No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Esophageal Perforation*

No abstract available.
Esophageal Perforation*

Two hundreds fifty seven cases of normal mammogram were analysis for classification of types of breasts.Ranging from 20 to 79 years of age, mean age was 45 years. Two projections, craniocaudal & mediolateral, were used. Age, nutrient condition, familial tendency and hormonal factors influence to breats hisologically. Normalbreats were classified into the standard (9.75%), ductal (71.7%), glandular (6.2%) and atrophic (12.4%) types.Ductal type was further subclassified into intraductal, periductal and mixed types. Atrophic type was susbdividedinto fibrous and fatty, Standard type was observed in younger women, instead of atrophic type was seen in olderage group, especially after menopause. Periductal type was most common (65.4%), Glandular type was mostly intwenty to thirty year group. According to increase of age, gladular or ductal type transformed into atrophic type.
Classification ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause

No abstract available.
Crohn Disease*

Cutis verticis gyrata(CVG) is an unusual conformation of the scap characterized by the presence of folds and furrows due to thickening of the corium and the subutlneous tissue. In sccordance with etiological factor and associated findings, CVG occurs as primarary disease or secondary to a variety of local or systemic diseases. Cerebriform intradermal nevus(CIN) is a cause of CVG that can usually be recognized clinically and for a certainty histologically. We report two cases of CVG due to CIN. Not only did they have CVG due to CIN on the scalp, but also they had associated congenital nevi on the face and whole boispy, respectively.
Dermis ; Nevus ; Nevus, Intradermal* ; Scalp

Most subdural hematoma with significantly differed attenuation from that of adjacent brain tissue can beaccurately diagnosed by CT. Difficulty arises when the hematoma is isodense that is exhibited similar attenuationto that of brain. Unilateral isodense subdural hematoma can be identified by indirect sign such as mass effect.Occasionally, the use of intravenous contrast material to aid in identifying isodense subdural hematomas has metwith variable success. Moreover, bilateral isodense subdural hematoma may be more difficult. We therfore considerdit of interest to evalute the diagnostic efficiency of CT in isodense subdural hematomas. We have analysed 13cases surgically provened cases of isodense subdural hematoma examined at Korea General Hospital from Oct. 1981 toApril. 1982. The resuls were as follows; 1. One hundred twenty seven cases of subdural hematomas were studied byCT, 13 cases (19.2%) of which were isodense. 2. The age distribution was from 29 years to 69 years and mean agewas 52 years. The sex ratio was 11 male to 2 female. 3. Seven(53.8%) of 13 cases has a history of head trauma. 4.The time interval which subdural hematoma became isodense was from 1 week to 4 months and peak time interval wasfrom 1 week to 3 weeks. 5. The precontrast CT of isodense subdural hematoma appeared shifting of midlinestructure, compression and deformity of the ventricles in all 13 cases, effacement of cerebral sulci in 10 cases(76.9%) and dilatation of contralateral ventricles in 4 cases (30.8%). 6. The postcontrast CT scan demonstratedenhancement of the medial margin of the lesion in 4(30.8%) of 13 cases and displacement of cortical vein away fromthe inner table of the skull in 3 (23.1%) of 13 cases. 7. Bilateral isodense subdural hematomas were 2 (15.4%) of13 cases.
Age Distribution ; Brain ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Dilatation ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Sex Ratio ; Skull ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Veins

CT findings of seventy seven cases in sixty six patients were compared with the conventional radiographicfindings to evaluate the utility and the merits of the high resolusin CT in trauma, The resuls were as follows: 1.CT was helpful in the management in 50 cases(64%) of total 77 cases. 2. CT was useful in detection and evaluationof traumatic lesion in shoulder, wrist and ankle as well as spine, pelvis, hip and knee. 3. In difficultdiagnostic dilemas in trauma of the bones and the joints with the complex anatomy, CT should be consideredroutinely when appropriate.
Ankle ; Hip ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Pelvis ; Shoulder ; Spine ; Wrist

PURPOSE: We examined the ability of alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN), an electron spin trapper, to determine the neuroprotective effect in the argon laser induced ischemic rat retina model. METHODS: After ischemic condition of rat retina was induced by argon green laser, PBN was given intraperitoneally at 50 or 100 mg/kg and normal saline was injected to control group. After 24 hours, 48 hours, and 7 days, the neuroprotective effect of PBN was examined by electroretinogram (ERG) and after 7 days, the enucleation of eyes was performed and histologic findings were compared by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: We found relatively reduced amplitude of ERG wave in the PBN injected group but not so greatly reduced as in normal saline control group. The retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer and the number of RGCs were affected by acute ischemic changes but in the group of PBN treatment, the cell membrane was well preserved and vecuoles formation, cytoplasmic destructions, nuclear chromatin condensation were reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic administration of PBN can ameliorate an argon laser induced retinal ischemia. Further investigations are necessary to decide effective dose without toxicity and to find more convenient methods of administrations.
Animals ; Argon* ; Cell Membrane ; Chromatin ; Cytoplasm ; Ischemia* ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Neuroprotective Agents* ; Rats ; Retina ; Retinal Ganglion Cells ; Retinaldehyde*

PURPOSE: There were many studies on the distributions of the retinal ganglion cells(RGC) in the experimental model of the retinal ischemia. RGC was known to be more sensitive to the ischemic injury than the other types of the retinal cells. So, we would identify the changes of the retinal ganglion cell morphologies and distribution after the iatrogenic retinal ischemia induced by intraocular pressure(IOP) elevation. METHODS: Eight pigmented and six white rabbits were used and retinal ischemia was induced by increasing IOP higher than 120 mmHg for 60 minutes. Electroretinogram were recorded at 6 days or 13 days, and histologic findings were observed at 7 or 14 days. RESULTS: After 7 days, RGC densities decreased, cytoplasmic staining disappeared, and the intranuclear hyperpigmentation was noted. RGC densities decreased significantly at 14 days. In the vertical retinal section, some flattening of retinal ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer was observed. Changes in the cellular morphologies were prominent. CONCLUSIONS: It may be more appropriate to examine both the retinal whole-mount and the vertical tissue section for the estimatation of the changes of retinal ganglion cell layer in the pressure-induced retinal ischemia.
Cytoplasm ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Hyperpigmentation ; Ischemia ; Models, Theoretical ; Rabbits ; Retina* ; Retinal Ganglion Cells ; Retinaldehyde*