Chronic anteromedial rotatory instability has not been demonstrated to have a satisfactory solution and we have experienced recurrence of the instability after operations. So the authors devised a new operative technique for the TCL (Tibial collateral ligament), that is, burying of the torn end of the ligament beneath the “ㄷ” shaped bony flap. It would better be called advancement and bony reinsertion operation. And we performed modifed MacIntosh tenodesis for the torn anterior cruciate ligament. The results were as follows: l. Of six knees, four (66.6%) rated “good”, two (33.3%) “fair”, and none (O%) “poor” (follow-up period; at least 6 months). 2. The technical problem of the advancement and bony reinsertion operation was discussed.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee ; Methods ; Recurrence ; Tenodesis

No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Child* ; Cushing Syndrome* ; Humans

To understand the mode of transmission in clonorchiasis, a survey was made in Kim-hae Goon, South Kyong-sang Do (=Province). The mathematical analysis of the age prevalence was done on the egg positive rates. And another analysis for the comparison was also made to the cited data from two areas, North Kyong-sang Do and Ko-yang Goon, Kyong-gi Do. Some catalytic models of H. Muench (1959) were applied to the observed age prevalence. Because the both parameters, such as force of infection(a) and loss of positivity(b) were considered to be constant for a long period in the surveyed area, the two stage catalytic model by Muench was chosen to the analysis. In the surveyed area, Kim-hae Goon where the egg positive rates were 56.2 percent and 61.2 percent (by Kim, 1974), the constant values of 'a' were found to be 0.051 and 0.089 respectively. In other words, the force of infection was 51, 89 per 1,000 susceptibles. The values of 'b' were found to be 0.006 and 0.005. This means that the rates of disappearance from egg positive cases to negative were 6 and 5 per annum per l,000 positive cases in above area. Therefore, the two catalytic curves were expressed by the following equations, y = 1.133 {e(-0.006t) - e(-0.051t)} and y = 1.047 {e(-0.005t) - e(-0.089t)} respectively. In the cases of North Kyong-sang Do and Ko-yang Goon, Kyong-gi Do where the egg positive rates of clonorchis shown as 27.7 percent and 15.2 percent by Shin (1964) and Kim (l974), the curves were expressed by y = 1.769 {e(-0.010t) - e(-0.034t)} and y = 2.857 {e(-0.020t) - e(-0.027t)} respectively. From the above mathematical analyses by age prevalence in clonorchiasis, it was considered that the mode of transmission of clonorchiasis in the surveyed area, Kim-hae Goon presented more rapid pattern than those of North Kyong-sang Do and Ko-yang Goon, Kyong-gi Do.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; clonorchiasis-Clnorchis sinensis ; epidemiology ; transmission

The major influencing factors on the strength of all-ceramic crowns are types of dental ceramics, fabrication techniques, methods of abutment preparation and cementation modes of all ceramic restorations. Zine phosphate cement and glass-ionomer cement were used as an early luting media for all-ceramic crowns. Recently many studies have reported that resin cements have more advantages in increasing the fracture strength of restorations comparing with zincphosphate cement and glass-ionomer cement. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of etching, silane treatment, sandblasting and dentin bonding agents on fracture strengths of dental ceramics. 40 flat dentin specimens and 40 ceramic discs of 1.5mm thickness and 8mm diameter were fabricated, and divided into 4 groups according to surface treatments. Surface treatments before cementation were as follows. Group I : (ceramic) : HF etching - silane treatment - application of bonding resin (dentin) : application of dentin bonding agent Group II : (ceramic) : sandblasting - application of bonding resin (dentin) : application of dentin bonding agent Group III : (ceramic) : application of bonding resin (dentin) : application of dentin bonding agent Group IV : (ceramic) : HF etching - silane treatment - application of bonding resin (dentin) : no dentin bonding procedure Dentin specimens and ceramic discs were cemented with dual cure resin cement, and went through thermocycling. Compressive stress es were loaded on the centers of ceramic discs with Instron testing machine, and fracture strengths resista' nce for catastrophic fracture were measured The results were as follows. 1. The group I showed the highest fracture resistance. The next was group II. And group III, IV followed. 2. There was a significant difference in the mean value of fracture strengths between group I and group III (p<0.05), but no significant differences between group I and group II, and group II and group III (p>0.05). 3. There was a significant difference in the mean value of fracture strengths between group I and group IV (p<0.05).
Cementation ; Ceramics* ; Crowns ; Dentin ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Glass Ionomer Cements ; Resin Cements

We reported herein a rare case of a 65-year-old female who lead intestinal tuberculosis of about 2 months duration, with little late development of metastatit berculosis abscess of the skin. The lesions were egg tow wolnut-sized abscesses or nodules occu in, on the back, right flank and lower abdomen with no pain or mild tenderness. Physical exami saion was unremarkable on dissemination of other sites. The tuberculin test was negative. The skin esions were diagnosed by clinical, histopathologic features, and positive results for Mycobactc iuntuberculosis in smear.; and cultures in the pus discharge: as well as polymerase chain reaction nethod on the nodular lesion. A barium enema showed the findings of intestinal tuberculosis, with positive culture in the stool. A combined treatment was intituted. During the initial 4 month, utaneous lesions did not respond and in some cases worsened with the multidrug of isoniazicr fampin, pyrazinamide and streptomycin, all of which were surgically excised. Thereafter, the drugs of isoniazid and rifampin were further administered for ahout 14 months, with the complete resecution of both lesions and the systemic symptomatolo. There was no relapse at follow-up after 6 months.
Abdomen ; Abscess* ; Aged ; Barium ; Enema ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Isoniazid ; Ovum ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pyrazinamide ; Recurrence ; Rifampin ; Skin* ; Streptomycin ; Suppuration ; Tuberculin Test ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Crohn Disease*

This investigation evaluated the fracture toughness (KIC) of eight currently available core materials, and relate the fracture toughness value to fractography analysis and surface characteristics using a atomic force microscope (AFM). Single-edge notched (SEN) test specimens (n=10) and compact tension (CT) test specimens (n=10) were prepared conforming to the ASTM Standard E-399 for a high copper amalgam, three composite core materials (Core-Max II, Core Paste, Bisfil Core), two reinforced composite core materials (Ti-Core, Ti-Core Natural), a resin-modified glass ionomer core material (Vitremer), and a conventional glass ionomer core material (Ketac-Molar). The specimens were tested with an Instron Universal Testing Machine. The maximum loads were measured to calculate the fracture toughness (KIC). Thereafter, fracture surfaces of SEN specimens of each material were investigated for fractography analysis using scanning electron microscope. And, disc-shaped specimens with 1mm thickness were fabricated for each material and were investigated under AFM for surface morphology analysis. The results were as follows : 1. Bisfil Core showed the highest mean fracture toughness regardless of test methods. 2. For the tooth-colored materials, Ti-Core Natural exhibited the highest fracture toughness. 3. Ketac Molar showed a significantly low fracture toughness when compared with the amalgam and the composite resin core materials (p<0.05). 4. The fracture toughness values obtained with the single-edge notched test, except Ketac Molar, were higher than those obtained in the compact tension test. 5. SEM revealed that the fracture surface of high fracture toughness material was rougher than that of low fracture toughness material. 6. AFM revealed that the surface particles of the composite resins were smaller in size, with a lower surface roughness than the glass ionomer core materials.
Composite Resins ; Copper ; Glass ; Molar

No abstract available.
Hypoglycemia*

On the basis of the study intended to research by crosssectional study keeps pace with semilongitudinal study the growthaccelerating phenomena that Maximum Growth age in teenager's body-height. By the random sampling method, the subject of study are 12659 persons(male;6355, female;6304) that they are from 7 ages to 17 ages in the whole country including the rural community. The measurement period passed three month days, the statistical data became electronic data processing system with computer.The other side, body-height and MGA of Koreans who had been for during the period from 1925 to 1966 proved transition of the growth-accelerating phenomena by research data reported between 1913 and 1983. The results are as follows; 1. The Growth and Development-Value of Body-height. An age bracket the growth and development-value of body-height were, respectively, male is 123.88+/-5.05cm and female is 123.29+/-5.54cm for 7 ages group. these indices increased with age. The top-value reach, respectively. 169.08+/-5.62cm and 157.57+/-6.13cm. The intersecting ages of male and female were the age 8.5~12.5, during these periods, female excelled male but after these periods, male excelled female again. In case of body-height, MGA's are 7.0cm for male between 12 and 13 age, and 7.01cm for female between 8 and 9 ages. As a rule, body-height of male excelled female but intersection phenomena of male and female appeared between 8.5 and 12.5 ages. By reginal groups, it is most prevailing is Seoul, and medium size cities and rural community come in order. By regional groups, intersection phenomena of male and female are. a region of Seoul; 8.5~11.5 ages, a region of Daejeon; 7.5~9.5 ages, rural community; 11.5~14.5 ages the whole country's average; 8.5~12.5 ages By regional groups, the rate of maximum increase in a year are a regional of Seoul; male is 7.23cm as 13 ages, female is 7.65cm as 9 ages. a region of Daejeon; male is 7.85cm as 11 ages, female is 8.39cm as 9 ages. rural community; male is 7.65cm as 14 ages, female is 6.25 as 12 ages. the whole country's average; male is 7.0cm as 13 ages, female is 7.01 as 9 ages. 2. Maximum Growth Age (M.G.A.) By reginal groups, maximum Growth Age's are as below in a region of Seoul, MGA's are 12.63 for male and 9.01 for female, which shows that MGA for female appears about 3.5 years earlier than that for male. In a retion of Daejeon, MGA's are 9.20 for male and 8.93 for female, which show that they are all much the same in M.G.A. In rural community, MGA's are 14.00 for male and 11.89 for female, which shows that MGA for female appears about 2 years earlier than that for male. In the whole average, MGA's are 13.01 for male and 8.97 for female, which shows that for female appears about 4 years earlier than that for male. For boy, M.G.A. shows fastest-growing in Daegjeon, and Seoul and rural community come in order. For girl, It shows equal growth in Seoul and Daejeon, rural community comes later. 3. The M.G.A's in body height of male are respectively the age 15.02 in 1913, 14.23 in 1956, 13.86 in 1967, 13.62 in 1975, and 12.82 in 1981, while those of female are the age 12.0 in 1940, 11.52 in 1965, 9.53 in 1975, ad 11.16 in 1980; these data show that the MGA of the Koreans has been getting younger. 4. The equation of linear regression of all the MGA's in body height are as follow; Male: Y(M.G.A) = -0.020 x (the year) + 15.19 : female: Y(MGA) = -0.028 x (the year) + 13.2549. 5. The corelation of all the MGA's in body height are as below; male;r=-0.329, female;r=-0.252. 6. From the transition of the growth-accelating phenomena in 1980 we can capture the fact that the MGA's has been getting younger by 0.2 year per 10 years. 7. The MGA's in bodyheight are shown in table 4. 8. The future growth-accelating phenomena in body height are expected to show the similar tondency like that of the past, in 1910's but it should by more precisely reviewed after investigating the phenomena of the years directly ahead.
Acceleration* ; Automatic Data Processing ; Body Height* ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Rural Population ; Seoul

Recently, methionyl-hGH was produced in the E. coil K-12, W3110 by recombinant DNA technology in Korea. In this paper, the clinical efficacy and immunogenicity of this GH were studied in 43 patients with growth hormone deficency.The subjects of this study were aged 4.3-18.5 years and each patient received GH 0.5-0.71U/kg week subcutaneously, 6-7 times a week for 1 year. During treatment, height, body weight and bone age were checked. Blood count, urinalysis, blood chemistry and thyroid hormonal concentrations were checked before and every 3 months. The measurement of IGF-1 was performed and assay of antibody against hGH was performed before and every 6 months.The height velocities significantly increased from 3.7+-3.0 cm/year to 11.0+-4.2 cm/year and 9.9+-3.2 cm/year at 6 and 12 months after GH therapy, respectively. The Height SDS were significantly improved after GH therapy with increasing ratio of bone age to chronological age from 0.60+-0.19 at pretreatment to 0.68+-0.16 at 6 month, 0.69+-0.16 at 12 month of therapy. The plasma IGF-1 levels significantly increased during treatment. Three out of 35 patients(8.3%) showed antibody against hGH after 1 year of treatment. Thoughout study, we could not observe any remarkable side effect with GH treatment.These results indicate that this E. coli derived methionyl recombinant growth hormone is effective in improving the index of linear growth in the children with growth hormone deficiency without significant side effect.
Body Height ; Chemistry ; Child ; DNA, Recombinant ; Growth Hormone ; Human Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Korea ; Plasma ; Thyroid Gland ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinalysis