Verrucous hemangioma is a variety of capillary, cavernous or mixed hemangioma that can develop into acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, and papillomatosis. Most verrucous hemangiomas appear on the lower extremities, and are present at birth or appear during infancy. It is important, from a prognostic and therapeutic point of view, to make a correct diagnosis between verrucous hemangioma and angiokeratoma circumscriptum. The former needs a large and deep excision, while the latter responds to the common means of physical therapy. We observed two patients who showed typical clinical and histopathological findings of verrucous hemangioma. Treatment was by wide sugical excision and skin graft. The two patients responded positively to this tratment.
Angiokeratoma ; Capillaries ; Diagnosis ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Papilloma ; Parturition ; Skin ; Transplants

This study examined the residue of dl-methylephedrine hydrochloride (MEP) on the muscle of pigs administered orally with MEP 12 g/ton feed for seven consecutive days. Twenty healthy cross swine were administered MEP. Four treated animals were selected arbitrarily to be sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days after treatment. MEP residue concentrations in the muscle were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The drug was extracted from muscle samples using 10 mM ammonium formate in acetonitrile followed by clean-up with n-hexane. The analyte was separated on an XBridgeTM hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column using 10 mM ammonium formate in deionized distilled water and acetonitrile. The correlation coefficient (R2 ) of the calibration curve was 0.9974, and the limits of detection and quantification were 0.05 and 0.15 μg/ kg, respectively. The recoveries at three spiking levels were 94.5–101.2%, and the relative Standard Deviations was less than 4.06%.In the MEP-treated group, MEP residues on one day post-treatment were below the maximum residue limit in the muscle. The developed method is sensitive and reliable for the detection of MEP in porcine muscle tissues. Furthermore, it exhibits low quantification limits for animal-derived food products destined for human consumption.

This study examined the residue of dl-methylephedrine hydrochloride (MEP) on the muscle of pigs administered orally with MEP 12 g/ton feed for seven consecutive days. Twenty healthy cross swine were administered MEP. Four treated animals were selected arbitrarily to be sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days after treatment. MEP residue concentrations in the muscle were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The drug was extracted from muscle samples using 10 mM ammonium formate in acetonitrile followed by clean-up with n-hexane. The analyte was separated on an XBridgeTM hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column using 10 mM ammonium formate in deionized distilled water and acetonitrile. The correlation coefficient (R2 ) of the calibration curve was 0.9974, and the limits of detection and quantification were 0.05 and 0.15 μg/ kg, respectively. The recoveries at three spiking levels were 94.5–101.2%, and the relative Standard Deviations was less than 4.06%.In the MEP-treated group, MEP residues on one day post-treatment were below the maximum residue limit in the muscle. The developed method is sensitive and reliable for the detection of MEP in porcine muscle tissues. Furthermore, it exhibits low quantification limits for animal-derived food products destined for human consumption.

To establish appropriate conditions for a disinfectant efficacy test at subzero temperatures, this study examined mixtures of frozen foot-and-mouth disease virus or avian influenza virus solutions and disinfectant diluents at −5℃ and monitored temperature and freezing status of an anti-freezing diluent (AFD, 15% ethanol + 30% propylene glycol + 55% distilled water) over time at various subzero temperatures. Viral solutions and disinfectant diluents froze before the mixtures reached −5℃, whereas the AFD was not frozen at −30℃. The times taken for the AFD to reach −10, −20, −30, and −40℃ from room temperature were 36, 39, 45, and 48 min, respectively.
Animals ; Ethanol ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus ; Freezing ; Influenza in Birds ; Propylene Glycol

To establish appropriate conditions for a disinfectant efficacy test at subzero temperatures, this study examined mixtures of frozen foot-and-mouth disease virus or avian influenza virus solutions and disinfectant diluents at −5℃ and monitored temperature and freezing status of an anti-freezing diluent (AFD, 15% ethanol + 30% propylene glycol + 55% distilled water) over time at various subzero temperatures. Viral solutions and disinfectant diluents froze before the mixtures reached −5℃, whereas the AFD was not frozen at −30℃. The times taken for the AFD to reach −10, −20, −30, and −40℃ from room temperature were 36, 39, 45, and 48 min, respectively.

The depressor anguli oris (DAO) muscle is a thin, superficial muscle located below the corner of the mouth. It is the target for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection therapy, aimed at treating drooping mouth corners. Hyperactivity of the DAO muscle can lead to a sad, tired, or angry appearance in some patients. However, it is difficult to inject BoNT into the DAO muscle because its medial border overlaps with the depressor labii inferioris and its lateral border is adjacent to the risorius, zygomaticus major, and platysma muscles. Moreover, a lack of knowledge of the anatomy of the DAO muscle and the properties of BoNT can lead to side effects, such as asymmetrical smiles. Anatomical-based injection sites were provided for the DAO muscle, and the proper injection technique was reviewed. We proposed optimal injection sites based on the external anatomical landmarks of the face. The aim of these guidelines is to standardize the procedure and maximize the effects of BoNT injections while minimizing adverse events, all by reducing the dose unit and injection points.

The mentalis muscle is a paired muscle originating from the alveolar bone of the mandible. This muscle is the main target muscle for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection therapy, which aims to treat cobblestone chin caused by mentalis hyperactivity. However, a lack of knowledge on the anatomy of the mentalis muscle and the properties of BoNT can lead to side effects, such as mouth closure insufficiency and smile asymmetry due to ptosis of the lower lip after BoNT injection procedures. Therefore, we have reviewed the anatomical properties associated with BoNT injection into the mentalis muscle.An up-to-date understanding of the localization of the BoNT injection point according to mandibular anatomy leads to better injection localization into the mentalis muscle. Optimal injection sites have been provided for the mentalis muscle and a proper injection technique has been described. We have suggested optimal injection sites based on the external anatomical landmarks of the mandible. The aim of these guidelines is to maximize the effects of BoNT therapy by minimizing the deleterious effects, which can be very useful in clinical settings.

PURPOSE: Special care is necessary to avoid invading important anatomic structures during surgery when presurgical planning is made based on radiographs. However, none of these types of radiography represents a perfect modality. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of presurgical planning based on the use of two types of radiographic image (digital panoramic radiography [DPR] and cone-beam computed tomography [CBCT]) by beginner dentists to place implants, and to quantify differences in measurements between radiographic images and real specimens. METHODS: Ten fresh cadavers without posterior teeth were used, and twelve practitioners who had no experience of implant surgery performed implant surgery after 10 hours of basic instruction using conventional surgical guide based on CBCT or DPR. Two types of measurement error were evaluated: 1) the presurgical measurement error, defined as that between the presurgical and postsurgical measurements in each modality of radiographic analysis, and 2) the measurement error between postsurgical radiography and the real specimen. RESULTS: The mean presurgical measurement error was significantly smaller for CBCT than for DPR in the maxillary region, whereas it did not differ significantly between the two imaging modalities in the mandibular region. The mean measurement error between radiography and real specimens was significantly smaller for CBCT than for DPR in the maxillary region, but did not differ significantly in the mandibular region. CONCLUSIONS: Presurgical planning can be performed safely using DPR in the mandible; however, presurgical planning using CBCT is recommended in the maxilla when a structure in a buccolingual location needs to be evaluated because this imaging modality supplies buccolingual information that cannot be obtained from DPR.
Cadaver ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Dental Implantation ; Dentistry ; Dentists ; Equipment and Supplies ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Maxilla ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Tooth

PURPOSE: Special care is necessary to avoid invading important anatomic structures during surgery when presurgical planning is made based on radiographs. However, none of these types of radiography represents a perfect modality. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of presurgical planning based on the use of two types of radiographic image (digital panoramic radiography [DPR] and cone-beam computed tomography [CBCT]) by beginner dentists to place implants, and to quantify differences in measurements between radiographic images and real specimens. METHODS: Ten fresh cadavers without posterior teeth were used, and twelve practitioners who had no experience of implant surgery performed implant surgery after 10 hours of basic instruction using conventional surgical guide based on CBCT or DPR. Two types of measurement error were evaluated: 1) the presurgical measurement error, defined as that between the presurgical and postsurgical measurements in each modality of radiographic analysis, and 2) the measurement error between postsurgical radiography and the real specimen. RESULTS: The mean presurgical measurement error was significantly smaller for CBCT than for DPR in the maxillary region, whereas it did not differ significantly between the two imaging modalities in the mandibular region. The mean measurement error between radiography and real specimens was significantly smaller for CBCT than for DPR in the maxillary region, but did not differ significantly in the mandibular region. CONCLUSIONS: Presurgical planning can be performed safely using DPR in the mandible; however, presurgical planning using CBCT is recommended in the maxilla when a structure in a buccolingual location needs to be evaluated because this imaging modality supplies buccolingual information that cannot be obtained from DPR.
Cadaver ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Dental Implantation ; Dentistry ; Dentists ; Equipment and Supplies ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Maxilla ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Tooth

Isolated tuberculous hepatic abscess is rare and surgical treatment is often needed when the size of abscess is large or increasing, when abscess is resistant to antituberculous medication or undergoing secondary change. We report an unusual case of recurrent tuberculous hepatic abscess following surgical resection and antituberculous medication. A 67-year-old woman was admitted due to right upper abdominal pain. She had operation history of segmental resection of the liver due to tuberculous hepatic abscess refractory to antituberculous medication. Preoperative abdominal CT scan demonstrated a enlarging multifocal cystic lesion at segment 8 of the liver in spite of antituberculous medication. Right lobectomy was done and the biopsy revealed caseous necrosis and acid-fast bacilli on microscopic finding. Second- line antituberculous medication was started and no evidence of recurrence was noted.
Abdominal Pain ; Abscess ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Female ; Hepatectomy* ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Abscess* ; Necrosis ; Recurrence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed